Understanding HTTP, DNS, and DHCP: A Networking Infrastructure Perspective, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications

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Higher National in Computing

ASSIGNMENT 1

Name: Dong Sy Nhat Thanh

ID: GCS

Class: GCS1003A

Subject code: 1619

Assignment due: Assignment submitted:

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Dong Sy Nhat Thanh Student ID GCS Class GCS1003A Assessor name Nguyen Xuan Sam Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D

Assignment 1

Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing

Student Name/ID Number: Unit Number and Title: Academic Year: 2022 Unit Assessor: Sam X. Nguyen Assignment Title: Issue Date: Submission Date: Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: ● (^) The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. Submission ● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor. ● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/. ● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS. Note: ● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student. ● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. ● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Failure to comply this requirement will result in a failed assignment. Unit Learning Outcomes:

Assignment question

LO1: Short discuss one of the protocols (STMP, FTP, HTTP, etc.) and explain how it

works by using cisco packet tracer?

LO2: Investigate and analyse the selected protocol using Wireshark?

1. Introduction:

In this article I will talk mainly about HTTP and combine DNS and DHCP to make my presentation more interesting. I will use a total of 6 PCs, 2 Switches, 2 Routers and 4 servers. I will briefly introduce the idea that I want to implement in this project, I will create 2 DHCP servers so that it provides dynamic IP addresses for 6 PCs, and use an additional router with a switch so that it can ping other computers. each other's IP addresses using a LAN connection. It is indispensable that I will use additional DNS server and HTTP server to generate the web address, you will get a better idea of it when you read my practice.

2. Principle protocol in my design:

2.1. Definition about Protocol:

• A protocol is a set of rules that describe how to format, transmit, and receive data so that computer network components, such as servers and routers, may communicate with one another regardless of their differences. Between them, infrastructure, design, or basic standards are all important. Standardized network protocols give network devices a common vocabulary to communicate with. Computers would be unable to interact with one another without them. As a result, only a few networks can function, with the exception of networks designed particularly for a specific architecture, and the internet as we know it today would not exist without it. Network protocols are used by almost all end users to communicate with one another. There are quite a few different types of Protocols, such as:
• Internet Protocol Suite. ...
• ProtocolStacks. ...
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)...
• Internet Protocol (IP)...
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)...
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)... +etc… And in this assignment, I want to discuss HTTP and I combine DHCP and DNS so now we will start with its definition, then I will simulate it through Cisco Packet Tracer and analyze it through Wireshark.

2.2. Definition about HTTP:

• HTTP is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol that is used on the World Wide Web to send data from Web servers to Web browsers and vice versa. This protocol mostly uses port 80.

• You can also understand that when you type a URL into a Web browser, the browser will send a request to the Web server using the Http protocol. This request will be received by the web server, which will then provide the result to the web browser.
• It is the foundation of every data exchange on the Internet, as well as the client- server protocol. From the numerous child docs that are fetched, such as text, layout description, photos, videos, scripts, and so on, a full doc is reconstructed.

HTTP request:

• An HTTP request is the method by which internet communication platforms, such as web browsers, request the data they require to load a website.
• Each HTTP request sent via the Internet carries a series of encoded data including several types of data. A typical HTTP request includes the following elements:

1. HTTP version type
2. URL
3. HTTP method
4. HTTP request headers
5. Optional HTTP body.

HTTP response:

• In response to an HTTP request, web clients receive an HTTP response from an Internet server. Based on what was requested in the HTTP request, these answers provide useful information.
• The following is a typical HTTP response:

1. HTTP status code
2. HTTP response headers
3. Optional HTTP body

2.3. Definition about DHCP:

• You would think that DHCP is the same as a dynamic IP address, but that's not the case. To begin, we must recognize that dynamic IP addresses are continually changing. A DHCP server must be configured and operational on the network in

2.4. Definition about DNS:

DNS stands for Domain Name System, which refers to the domain name resolving system in its entirety. Only a mechanism that permits setting correspondence between IP address and domain name was established for the Internet in 1984. IP addresses, such as 10.0.0.10, are used to identify network resources. When a computer connects to the Internet, it is given a unique IP address that is not shared by any other computer on the planet. The same is true for websites that have their own IP addresses.

When it comes to loading online pages, there are four DNS servers involved:

1. Recursive DNS: A recursive DNS server is one that is designed to handle requests from clients via applications like web browsers.
2. Origin Name Servers: The first step in converting human-readable hostnames to IP addresses is to use origin servers. It's similar to a library's index, which points to various bookshelves.
3. A nameserver TLD: It is a top-level domain (TLD) server that can be compared to a library's specific bookshelf. This nameserver is the next stage in determining an IP address, and it saves the last component of the hostname (the TLD server for example.com is "com").
4. Authoritative Name Server: Think of this ultimate nameserver as a bookshelf dictionary where a specific name can be converted according on its definition. It will return the IP address for the desired hostname to the DNS Recursor that created the previous request if it has an entity that has access to a particular record.

3. Network:

3.1. Types of networks:

There are 2 types of network infrastructures that are commonly used:

• LANs are one of the most commonly discussed networks, and it is the most prevalent, distinct, and essential network kinds. Computer systems that link reduced devices and groups of computers are referred to as Local area networks. These networks are ideal for exchanging files and little or large papers, including for playing network games.
• Multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs, can be contained within a Wide Area Network (WAN). The internet is the most well-known public WAN.

Figure 2: Illustration for Type of networks ( Different types of network- PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN - The Study Genius)

3.2. Networking standards:

The rules of networking technologies by defining will establish whether networking technology is compatible. The purpose of networking standards is to guarantee that devices from various manufacturers can interact with each other without causing network incompatibility. Figure 3: Illustration for Networking Standards( Time-Sensitive Networking: Five Ways the IEEE Standards Will Advance Industry 4.0 | Automation World)

-A bridge is a repeater with data filtering capabilities based on the source and destination MAC addresses. It may also be used to join two LANs that use the same protocol. Bridges are used to connect many different sorts of networks. -Switch: Switches and routers share one feature: they only manage local networks. The switch is the data connection layer device. Before forwarding data, switches may check for defects, which makes them incredibly efficient because they don't transport packets with errors and only transmit good packets to the correct port. -Wireless Access Point (WAP): This is a network hardware device can connects wireless devices to a wired network. The SSID allows others to connect to the AP, is the most important configuration of an Access Point. In the AP, we can additionally set security and management parameters. -A gateway, as the name suggests, is a conduit that connects two networks which may or may not have the same networking architecture. They act as messengers, receiving input from one system, translating it, and sending it to another. Figure 5: illustration for Network Devices( What is a Network Device | My Computer Notes)

4. Cisco Packet Tracer and Wireshark:

4.1. Cisco Packer Tracer:

Here I will discuss and explain the DNS + HTTP + DHCP simulation process in this software:

Step 1: Figure 6: Prepare

• In the first step, I will prepare 6 computers, 2 routers, 2 switches and 4 servers. I have named these servers to be able to distinguish. The 2 servers below will be DHCP 1 and DHCP 2, the above 2 servers will be DNS and HTTP. Step 2: Figure 7: Use the power cord
• (^) I used the power cord to connect the computers to the switch and connect the switch to the router as shown in the picture.

Step 5: Figure 9: Set up physical for Switch

• In this step, I attach PT-Switch-NM-1CFE to 2 switches, its function is similar to the router in step 4.

Step 6: Figure 10: Conect servers to the desired position

• In this step, I was able to connect servers to the desired position, using the power cord to connect 2 DHCP servers to 2 switches and connect the HTTP and DNS server to the router 1.

Figure 12: DHCP 2 Figure 13: DNS

Figure 14: HTTP Step 8: Figure 15: Resetting for DHCP server