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A comprehensive overview of the asset management process, focusing on the financial cycle model and its impact on client behavior. It delves into key aspects of client investment personality, including risk tolerance, patience, and planning habits. The document also explores the importance of understanding client goals, investment experience, and financial situation in developing effective investment strategies. It further outlines the components of financial statements, including income statements and balance sheets, and emphasizes the role of periodic meetings between clients and investment professionals.
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Based on the financial cycle model, list two important forces that affect how most clients live. - ANSWER-1 income 2 the financial requirements needed to maintain an adequate lifestyle Define the stages in the cycle of financial life that have surplus and deficit periods. - ANSWER-a. income surplus: the two periods when income exceeds expenses—the "early working years" (before children) and the "late working years" (after children are through college and out of the house) b. income deficit: the period when expenses outpace income; typically the "family raising" years, when the client incurs the costs of raising a child, buying a home or trading homes, and obtaining consumer credit c. small surplus: the period, during retirement, when income slightly exceeds expenses Describe five aspects that make up a client's investment personality. - ANSWER-a. The client's willingness to take risk. The client's current investments are often a useful guide. Risk-averse clients fear losing what they have acquired; aggressive clients fear missing out on an opportunity for potential gain. b. The client's patience. Does the client think in terms of years, months, or weeks? Will the client allow time to become an ally and work to his or her advantage? c. The client's ability to plan in advance. The existence of regular savings and retirement accounts and established ties with tax planners and other financial advisors provide evidence of the client's tendency to plan. d. The client's willingness to share private, personal information. A client who is distrustful of financial advisors will be reluctant to reveal anything about his or her personal finances. e. The client's market attitude. Is she a contrarian or a follower? The follower is open to guidance from the media, friends, neighbors, and so forth. The contrarian will do the opposite of what the crowd is doing. Return to question. Explain how the client's investment experience, holdings, and outlook can affect the asset management process. - ANSWER-Determining a client's prior investment experience gives the investment professional a much better foundation for "knowing your customer." The investment professional must know what the client's current
holdings are in order to create a suitable portfolio. Understanding the client's investment outlook—on inflation, interest rates, the economy, the level of the stock market—also provides key insights in developing a portfolio that is most likely to satisfy the client today as well as in the future. Return to question. Identify the major components of each of the following categories. - ANSWER-a. cash/cash equivalents checking accounts, money market mutual funds, T-bills, CDs, money market deposit accounts, and savings accounts b. invested assets stocks, bonds, mutual funds, IRAs, pension funds (vested portion), and rental property c. use assets automobiles and other vehicles, main residence, personal property, boats, and clothing d. short-term liabilities liabilities payable in one year or less, such as credit card balances e. long-term liabilities liabilities payable over one year or more, such as mortgages, car loans, student loans, and home equity loans f. net worth the residual difference between assets and liabilities In what two areas are client goals typically lacking? - ANSWER-Goals are often unspecific and are not time-bound, and multiple goals are seldom prioritized. List areas between the client and the investment professional that require clarification. - ANSWER-a. understanding client goals b. agreement on essential assumptions (inflation rates, rates of return, etc.) c. agreement on asset allocation d. agreement on risk parameters e. agreement on time horizons List items included in each of the following categories for an income statement. - ANSWER-a. gross income gross salaries and wages; dividends and interest income, and miscellaneous inflows such as tax refunds b. expenses mortgages, insurance payments, loans, clothing, food, taxes, vacations, utilities, and so forth
What is the purpose of an investment policy? - ANSWER-According to Charles Ellis, the purpose is "to establish useful guidelines for investment managers that are genuinely appropriate to the realities of both the client's objectives and the realities of the investments and the markets." What tools are available to the investment professional to monitor a client's performance and progress toward goals? - ANSWER-balance sheets, income statements, year-end brokerage statements, year-end mutual fund statements, etc. Who makes the final investment decisions? - ANSWER-The investment professional makes recommendations; the client makes decisions.