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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 20: Advanced Programming
Submission date Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name PHAN MINH TRI Student ID GCD
Class GCD0904 Assessor name PHAM THANH SON
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Table of Contents
- CHAPTER 1 – Introduction
- CHAPTER 2 – OOP General Concepts
- I. Object – oriented Programming (OOP)..........................................................................................................................
- Definition
- The benefits of OOP?
- Criticism of OOP........................................................................................................................................................
- II. General concepts of OOP
- III. Characteristics of OOP
- Encapsulation
- Abstraction
- Inheritance
- Polymorphism
- IV. Types of relationships in Object – Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Dependency
- Association
- Aggregation
- Composition
- Inheritance
- CHAPTER 3 – OOP Scenario..................................................................................................................................................
- I. Encapsulation
- II. Abstraction
- III. Inheritance
- IV. Polymorphism
- References................................................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 1: Example of Structure of OOP Table of Figures
- Figure 2: Access Modifier
- Figure 3: Dependency
- Figure 4: Binary Association
- Figure 5: Unary Association......................................................................................................................................................
- Figure 6: Aggregation
- Figure 7: Composition
- Figure 8: Class diagram of Encapsulation
- Figure 9: Class diagram of Abstraction.....................................................................................................................................
- Figure 10: Class diagram of Inheritance
- Figure 11: Class diagram of Polymorphism
- Imperative programming: this focuses on function rather than models and includes C++ and Java
- Declarative: This programming style includes statements stating the job or intended consequence but
not how to do it. Prolog and Lisp are two examples of programming languages.
- Logical programming: This strategy, which is primarily based on formal logic and use languages like
as Prolog, consists of a collection of sentences that represent facts or rules about a problem area. It
focuses on problems where rule-based logical inquiries might help.
II. General concepts of OOP
❖ Classes are data types that are established by the user and serve as the design for individual objects,
properties, and actions.
❖ Objects are instances of a class that are formed with specified data. Object can be real-world objects or
abstract entities. When a class is first formed, the description is the sole object specified.
Figure 1 : Example of Structure of OOP
❖ Methods are terms used by programmers to define an object's activities. Methods are specified functions
within a class. Each method begins with a reference to an instance object, to which subroutines are
connected.
❖ Attributes are defined in the class template and describe an object's state. Data will be saved in the attributes
field of objects. Class characteristics are owned by the class.
III. Characteristics of OOP
- Encapsulation
❖ This concept asserts that all critical information is held within an object and just a subset of it is exposed.
Other objects do not have access to or jurisdiction over this class. It improves application security and
prevents inadvertent data damage.
❖ Type member access modifiers determine which code has access to a certain type of member.
Figure 2 : Access Modifier
❖ Examples in class Person with their properties
- Inheritance
❖ OOP allows developers to operate within the constraints of a single language while still preserving a distinct
hierarchy. Classes can reuse code from other classes, allowing developers to construct reusable code.
❖ Inheritance Implementation
interface IMyInterface
void MethodToImplement();
Interface Example: IDisposable interface
Interface Implementation
class InterfaceImplementer: IMyInterface
static void Main()
InterfaceImplementer iImp = new InterfaceImplementer();
iImp.MethodToImplement();
public void MethodToImplement()
Console.WriteLine("MethodToImplement() called.");
- Polymorphism
❖ Polymorphism allows various kinds of objects to use the same interface. A child class is established that
expands the parent class's capabilities. The software determines whether meaning or usage is required for
each execution of that object from a parent class, avoiding the requirement for duplicating code.
❖ Polymorphism Implementation
IV. Types of relationships in Object – Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Dependency
❖ Dependency is a connection formed when objects of one class interact momentarily with objects of another
class. Normally, multiplicity makes little sense on a dependency.
Figure 3 : Dependency
❖ Example: I create 2 class Truck and Car. In class Truck, there has Beep ()` function and class Car use again
that function. So, class Car depend on class Truck to work
- Class diagram
- Code example
- Class diagram
- Code example
- Composition
❖ Composition is a "part-of" connection with a strong association. To put it another way, composition occurs
when one class owns and includes objects from another class.
Figure 7 : Composition
- Example: Both classes are regular classes, but the DataMigrator class uses an instance of the Logger
class inside of it. It’s the same as calling one function from inside another. Class diagram
- With inheritance we would have access to everything in the Logger class. However, with composition
we only have access to code that we specified. We have access to the Logger class, but only indirectly
CHAPTER 3 – OOP Scenario
I. Encapsulation
- Scenario
❖ To apply encapsulation in my program, I allowed it to create a new object based on its properties. and have
a higher class that inherits that class and creates additional method. i will use the access modifier to allow
access to some parts, the rest I will hide it
- Class diagram Figure 8 : Class diagram of Encapsulation
❖ There are two classes: the person class (parent class) and the employee class (children class). Id, Name and
Age, which are kept private, are properties of person class, and it has the function displayInfo(). The
employee class has the same properties and methods as the Person class, but it is added a new property
which is branch, and an extra method which is showBranch().
II. Abstraction
- Scenario
❖ I'll design a Shape class as an abstract class to establish an abstract where every derived shape classes may
have their own area. According to the abstract method, they will use the same technique with different
implementations.
- Class diagram Figure 9 : Class diagram of Abstraction
❖ This shows the class diagram of Shape, an abstract class containing the abstract function area(), and Square,
a class inherited from Shape, with the side field and method area overriding from Shape.
III. Inheritance
- Scenario
❖ To explain OOP's inheritance feature, I will use the cat class, which is a child class of the animal class.
Objects produced from the cat class can use the Animal class's property and method as long as they are
accessible.
- Class diagram Figure 10 : Class diagram of Inheritance
❖ I have a Cat class that inherits from an Animal class to show inheritance. Because of the Name variable
inherited from the Animal class, I may specify a new cat's name and reuse the Eat function. I can also add
a MakeSound method to my cat class ()
