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ASSIGNMENT 01 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 0 9: Software Development Life Cycle Submission date 15/02/2023 Date Received 1st^ submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd^ submission Student Name Trinh Nguyen Phuong Student ID GCH Class GCH1103 Assessor name Do Quoc Binh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
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Table of Contents
- I. Introduction
- II. Task 1 (Dennis et al., Project selection & management 2020)
- SDLC Models:
- A. Waterfall Models:
- B. V-model
- C. Prototyping model
- D. Scrum model (Digite, 2019)
- E. Chosen Framework for the project.
- F. Suitability of each SDLC models
- G. The merits of applying waterfall model to a large software development project
- Identify risks and discuss an approach to manage risk. (Dennis et al., Project selection & management 2020)
- A. Risk management process.
- III. Task 2: Feasibility study (Dennis, A., Wixom, 2020)
- The purpose of conducting a feasibility study for the project
- The application of feasibility criteria (technical, economic, organization) to the project and the feasibility of the project.
- A. Feasibility criteria
- B. Project feasibility discussion................................................................................................................................................................................
- C. Alternative technical solutions using alternative matrix.
- Components of a feasibility report explanation; and economic, organizational feasibility study on Tune Source project.
- A. Components of a feasibility study explanation.
- B. Economic feasibility discussion on Tune Source project
- C. Organizational feasibility study on Tune Source project
- matrix for Tune Source project. 4. Assess the impact of each feasibility criterion on a software investigation and the discussion and representation of a feasibility alternative
- A. The impact of each feasibility criterion on a software investigation. (Simplilearn, 2023)
- B. Feasibility alternative matrix for Tune Source project.
- Reference:
- Figures References:
- (Figure 1 Waterfall Model)
- (Figure 2 V-model)
- (Figure 3: Prototyping model)
- (Figure 4: Suitability rating)
- (Figure 5: Risk assessment example)
- (Figure 6: Risk Assessment Matrix)
- (Figure 7: NPV)
- (Figure 8: ROI equation)
- (Figure 9: Break-Even equation)
A.2 Advantages
- Simple to understand and follow.
- Simple to control
- Each stage is distinct from the others.
- when the project has precise documentation, effective.
- Each stage is described in detail.
- Milestones are obvious and simple to comprehend.
- It is simple to plan out tasks.
- The process results in simple documentation. A.3 Disadvantages
- Working software presence can only be found at the later stages.
- Risks are high.
- Not suitable for a project that has a high risk of changing for the requirements.
- Integrations are done at the very last phase, therefore making bottleneck and business challenge are hard to verify at the start.
B. V-model
B.1 Definition: The V-Model development is a variant of the waterfall model but with a more intricate focus on testing. After the coding is finished, the development team has to go through testing phases according to the corresponding defining requirements and implementation phases. The testing includes:
- Unit testing.
- Integration testing.
- System testing.
- Acceptance testing. The fundamental idea behind this development model is testing in accordance with stages that include requirements and defined components. Each testing level is associated with a certain step in the analysis or design process, assuring the efficacy of test runs as well as their efficiency and product quality. With an emphasis on testing early in the production cycle to let testers beware of the finished product, this development approach is straightforward and simple to comprehend. It still has several shortcomings similar to the waterfall approach, and the dynamic business model does not fit with it.
(Figure 2 V-model) B.2 Advantages:
- Has great discipline
- Able to produce high quality products when the project is over.
- Simple to understand.
- Project management is easier to process. B.3 Disadvantages:
- High risks and uncertainty
- Not suitable for a project that has a high chance of changing requirements.
- Does not support iteration of phases.
C. Prototyping model
C.1 Definition:
- A software prototype will be made using this model. A prototype is a basic version of the project that shows how things work in general. The customer will then be given this prototype to review before deciding whether to adopt the design or look for another that better meets their needs. By reorganizing and improving the project in response to customer input, this model will also continue to construct the second prototype, and the cycle will continue until the product satisfies the user's needs. When the end consumers haven't determined their needs yet, prototyping excels. This model frequently requires a lot of time and money to adopt.
- This paradigm may be used for long-term projects as well as ones with hazy needs and imprecise project definitions.
D.3 Disadvantages:
- Sprints cannot be changed.
- It is not a fully described model, if there are changes; self-providing details are required.
- Hard to plan. Structure and organize without a clear definition.
- Daily meetings and reviews require resources.
E. Chosen Framework for the project.
Discussion:
- The requirements given by Tune Source are as follow:
- Able to run on two platforms: Instore-kiosks and on website.
- Basic CRUD functions.
- Users can freely listen to music available.
- Make in-app purchases of individual downloads at a fixed price.
- Customer subscriptions
- Music gift cards are available for purchase.
- To be finished the project in a short time.
- The product must be of high quality.
- As the project needed to be completed quickly even if the organization had provided precise criteria, using the Agile development Process is the best option. It might thus be highly expensive and time-consuming to choose a development process like the waterfall or V-model and prototyping. As Tune Source's IT department is already familiar with the fundamentals of internet technology, significant contact with management and stakeholders may go smoothly.
- In conclusion, the project will choose Scrum as its’ main development methodology. After a lengthy consideration, the chosen framework will be Scrum:
- Scrum is an iteration of Agile Development. Therefore, it is very adaptive.
- Scrum is effective and has a speedy project completion rate. Also, it has the ability to generate top-notch goods that meet the needs of the final customer.
F. Suitability of each SDLC models
F.1 Waterfall model discussion
- This project is a good fit for waterfall. Documentation and requirements from the end users have been supplied, and the project has a defined scope that will make it easier for the development team to manage the process and properly record each stage. Agile development might be a preferable option, though, as the project needs to be competitive and done soon. The waterfall process is simple to comprehend and use, but it does not work well for projects that need to be released as quickly as possible since it has a lot of inflexible characteristics that can produce bottleneck issues for organizations because it is not adaptable to changing requirements.
- Suitability for the Tune Source’s project rating: Average. F.2 V-Model discussion
- The V-Model is an iteration of the waterfall model. Instead of emphasizing the testing phase later in the stages, V-Model will start the testing phases earlier, making the development team and end users have a better grasp of the end product. Just like Waterfall, V-Model works well
with projects that have clear definition and requirements like Tune Source’s Project. However, it is still too time consuming to be able to satisfy Tune Source’s requirement for an early release. V-Model also has problems with adaptability.
- Suitability for the Tune Source’s project rating: Average. F.3 Prototyping model discussion
- Prototyping is not a great choice for this project because of the definition and the requirements have been fully given. Prototype needs extensive feedback from both the end users and the stockholders. However, if the project was not given enough time, the project may end up being release as one of the prototypes, a barren version of the full application. It is very risky, costly and time consuming.
- Suitability for the Tune Source’s project rating: Least suitable. F.4 Scrum model discussion
- This framework is a one of the types of agile frameworks, it will provide a product with high quality and able to adapt to the situation depending on the user’s feedback. Therefore, the product is of great quality on top of being released on time for the requirements. Tune Source’s development team have experience with internet technology, therefore constant feedback is available, the end users and the stockholders can also have a grasp of the developing project.
- Suitability for the Tune Source’s project rating: Most suitable. F.5 Suitability ratings Most suitable Moderately Least suitable Waterfall X V-Model X Prototyping X Scrum X (Figure 4 : Suitability rating)
G. The merits of applying waterfall model to a large software development project
First off, because of its simplicity and ease of tracking progress for project documentation, the waterfall model is a perfect option for a project with a big workforce. The integration process will be put last, thus the fact that it is exceedingly rigid and difficult to react to documentation changes can be a major problem. The project's ineligibility for the market or the intended usage might thus result in significant loss. The waterfall model's simplicity and controlled operation make it possible for the business to use cooperation from many time zones and places. As the project and the team grow in size, the significance of documentation also becomes increasingly important. While having current documentation is essential, the larger the project, the more difficult the documentation, and the longer it will take to complete. Because of its sturdy architecture, it can link many components together for large projects as well. Also, because stages must be completed in order to go on to the next, it will make it easier to identify and address dependencies.
(Figure 6 : Risk Assessment Matrix) III. Task 2: Feasibility study (Dennis, A., Wixom, 2020)
1. The purpose of conducting a feasibility study for the project
- The feasibility study exists in order to find out if the development of a project can be done or not by presenting questions like is it possible or is it justified
- In case of the worst scenario happening, alternative options can be raised and used to ensure the safety of the company’s profit.
- The documentation of a feasibility study is incredibly helpful for the management to acknowledge of these following criteria:
- Is the project possible to be pulled off?
- Does the project benefit the intended users to ensure quality of the product?
- In case of needing another plan, alternative options can be considered to be applied.
- Are there any better alternatives than the chosen plan?
- Feasibility requires the support from both sides: the development team and the management team, therefore management also has to finish these following tasks:
- Decision on whether the project should be greenlighted or not.
- The problem must be examined on a bigger scale of business strategy.
2. The application of feasibility criteria (technical, economic, organization) to the project
and the feasibility of the project.
A. Feasibility criteria
A.1 Technical feasibility The first step in the feasibility analysis is to evaluate the project's technical viability, or how well the IT team can design, create, and implement the system. The goal of a technical risk analysis, or technical feasibility analysis, is to determine whether or not something can be built.
Many risks might jeopardize the project's completion success. Analyst and user comfort with the program comes first. If analysts are unfamiliar with the business application space, they are more likely to misinterpret users or ignore opportunities for improvement. If users are constructing a system to support a new commercial innovation (like Microsoft launching a new Internet dating service), the hazards considerably increase. Although modifying existing systems is often safer than designing new ones, old systems are usually more well-known. Knowledge of technology is a major source of technical risk. When a system uses cutting-edge technology that has never been used in the Knowledge of the technology is a major source of technical risk. Project size is an important consideration, whether it is influenced by the size of the development team, the length of time needed to complete the project, or the variety of features included in the system. Larger projects involve more risk because they are harder to manage and because there is a greater chance that some important system needs will be overlooked or misunderstood. The project's high level of system integration with other systems (which is typical of large systems) may provide issues since complexity develops when several systems must work together. Project teams must also consider how the new system will interact with the company's current technology. In most cases, systems are developed inside companies that already have a range of other systems in place rather than in a vacuum. New apps and technologies need to be able to communicate with the present environment for a number of reasons. They can make use of the present communications infrastructure of the firm, rely on information from installed systems, or provide data that feeds into other applications. For instance, if a new CRM system does not utilize the customer data currently available in the company's sales, marketing, and customer service systems, it will be of limited use. It is not always easy to assess a project's technical viability since many times some interpretation of the underlying facts is necessary (for example, how big a project has to get before it loses viability). One tactic is to make comparisons between the project under discussion and other projects the organization has done. Another option is to talk with seasoned IT professionals who work for the business or external IT consultants; usually, they can tell whether a project is technically feasible. A.2 Economic feasibility The second phase in a feasibility study is to conduct an economic feasibility analysis (also called a cost–benefit analysis). Should the system be developed? This tries to answer the question. Future cash flows are computed, the system's expenses and benefits are determined, their valuations are provided, and the project's financial viability is evaluated to see whether it is economically possible. As a result of this analysis, the project's risks and financial possibilities may be understood. Keep in mind that organizations only have a limited amount of money, and that other projects will be seeking funding. The more expensive the project, the more in-depth and detailed the analysis should be. Before giving a complete example of this process, we first briefly describe the framework we will use to evaluate project investments and the common evaluation criteria that are used:
- Possibility of meeting the bottom line required for the project:
- Is it worth solving the problem?
- Calculate the cost and the benefits of each alternative.
- Cost and benefits analyzation
- Do the benefits outweigh the costs?
- The minimal cost to achieve the system.
- When will the benefit accrue?
- The most return on investment can be gained from all the alternative approaches.
- Consideration regarding hardware/software selections, financing arrangements and the possible difficulties.
- Rank all the alternatives in a multi-criteria manner.
- Calculate the tangible and the intangible benefits.
responsibilities or tasks of the department may change significantly after the system is implemented, the IS department for a system, for example, may have a stake in it. Together with supporters, users, and management, the U.S. Department of Justice played a crucial role in Microsoft's effort to make Internet Explorer a part of Windows by default.
B. Project feasibility discussion
The project is totally feasible to complete following these studies: Technically:
- The team is made up of seasoned programmers that can successfully create a wonderful product that can fulfill Tune Source's needs and make a release in time to compete with other companies. Our organization has every infrastructure that is ready to finish the project. Economically:
- Without additional funding, the project may be completed with just a little amount of money and can guarantee a return on investment very quickly after implementation. Organizational feasibility:
- Tune Source provided all the necessary paperwork, and the project has been given the go-ahead by management and the supervisor.
- Our development framework was selected to guarantee the product's quality because the product is anticipated to be competitive. To maintain competitiveness, the work progress will be transparent, and the deadlines will be set so that the product will be released as soon as it is ready.
C. Alternative technical solutions using alternative matrix.
Wt Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3 Technical feasibility 30% JavaScript serves as the primary language. The preferred coding language of our development team, JavaScript is an established language with a track record of success. The team has JavaScript expertise. Score: 90 The time it takes for a project to release can be significantly reduced by using HTML frameworks. Nevertheless, because HTML frameworks are not the present development team's area of expertise, businesses must employ fresh people to manage and deploy the system. Score: 50 Obtaining the program's source code from a third-party company, which our development team will then implement with the appropriate layout and designs. Although it is a straightforward project that our development team can create, this is not wanted. As a result, outsourcing is wasteful. Score: 30
3. Components of a feasibility report explanation; and economic, organizational feasibility
study on Tune Source project.
A. Components of a feasibility study explanation.
In a feasibility study, there are many factors that must be considered to compose a great feasibility study; those factors are required to satisfy to detect all possible risks and opportunities for the project. Those components are as follows:
- Present organizational system: The existing organization and factors that can influence the project, such as:
- Users
- Policies
- Functionality of the program
- Objectives that must be reached
- Etc...
- Problems that the current system is facing: Identifying problems that the project is having in present time is an easy way to make plans to either counter or minimize the risks and threats, and to better understand the question: “Does the current system have achieved all of the requirements?”. These are factors that should be considered:
- Inconsistency
- Inadequate functionality
- Low performance
- Goals and requirements for the system: Validifying goals and setting up expectations is undeniably the most important factor in any project, it gives the organization a common target to work towards. For this sector, answering the following questions is greatly appreciated:
- Currently, which problems should and must be solved for the project to work smoothly?
- What are the expectations that the stakeholders wanted to achieve?
- What are the deadlines?
- Constraints: Findings and acknowledging constraints is also an important factor in a feasibility study, the possible constraints include:
- Nonfunctional requirements on the system
- Economic constraints
- Technology constraints
- Etc…
- Planning alternatives: Making a list of possible alternatives can sometimes help the organization to find a better alternative that has more profit with less cost, making the project to be more successful. This factor includes:
- The current system is always an alternative.
- The different approach towards solving problems.
- How many or how many solutions can be computerized?
- Listing advantages and disadvantages of alternatives
- A conclusion for the feasibility study: That includes:
- Is the project feasible?
- The preferred alternative.
B. Economic feasibility discussion on Tune Source project
It has been agreed that the service provided by the ABC firm will be more than just a one-time thing; it will also function as a server provider for Tune Source for a cost of $3500 annually, turning it into a real advantage.
- NPV calculation for the next 2 years: Every figure is in dollar Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Costs (5,000) (1 17 ) (1 20 ) Current $ value factor for 12%
Cumulative costs (5,000) (5,1 17 ) (5, 237 )
4. Assess the impact of each feasibility criterion on a software investigation and the
discussion and representation of a feasibility alternative matrix for Tune Source project.
A. The impact of each feasibility criterion on a software investigation. (Simplilearn, 2023)
The necessity of completing a feasibility study is enormous since it will take into account whether the project can be completed given the resources required and the expected returns. It helps to provide a clear image of how to approach the project with the greatest efficiency and how to decide whether or not the project is worthwhile. The impact of technical feasibility study on software investigation:
- With this criterion, it will be possible to assess the organization's technological readiness. Also, if the technical team can turn concepts into a functional system. The impact of economic feasibility on software investigation:
- This evaluation refers to the project's cost and benefit analysis. The company may assess the project's viability and advantages thanks to these parameters. The impact of organizational feasibility on software investigation:
- Scheduling feasibility: The success of the project will be determined by the most crucial factors in a feasibility assessment. The organization will make an estimate of how long it will take to finish the project and decide if it is ready for release or needs extra time.
- Operational viability: This evaluation will look at the organization's effectiveness in completing the tasks at hand.
B. Feasibility alternative matrix for Tune Source project.
Wt Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3 Technical feasibility 30% JavaScript serves as the primary language. The preferred coding language of our development team, JavaScript is an established language with a track record of success. The team has JavaScript expertise. Score: 90 The time it takes for a project to release can be significantly reduced by using HTML frameworks. Nevertheless, because HTML frameworks are not the present development team's area of expertise, businesses must employ fresh people to manage and deploy the system. Score: 50 Obtaining the program's source code from a third-party company, which our development team will then implement with the appropriate layout and designs. Although it is a straightforward project that our development team can create, this is not wanted. Score: 30 Economic feasibility
Score: 80
Score: 70
Score: 60 Operational feasibility 20% Neither the development team nor the end customers showed any opposition. Stakeholders have approved of this strategy. Score: 80 About putting the team in a new working environment by force, the development team has voiced some unfavorable sentiments. The management is not currently putting much emphasis on increasing employee skills. Score: 60 Stakeholders do not want to spend in recruiting outsources, even if the market analyst has identified all potential outsources that the business might approach, and the pricing is reasonable. Score: 50
Schedule feasibility 20% In three months, the project will be completed. Score: 60 The system will be completed in two months rather than the one anticipated, thanks to the framework's reduction in burden. Three months total. Score: 40 The back-ends will be finished by outsourcing in a month, and the development team will only require a month to complete the layouts and designs. There are 2 months in all. Score: 70 Overall score 100% (^79 56 )
Reference:
Dennis, A. et al. (2015) “Project selection & management,” in System analysis & design: An object-oriented approach with UML. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 46–60. Simplilearn (2023) What is feasibility study in project management and its types? Simplilearn , Simplilearn.com. Simplilearn. Available at: https://www.simplilearn.com/feasibility-study-article#importance_of_feasibility_study (Accessed: February 15, 2023). Dennis, A. et al. (2015) System analysis & design: An object-oriented approach with UML. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Digite (2019) What is scrum methodology? & Scrum project management , Digite. Available at: https://www.digite.com/agile/scrum-methodology/ (Accessed: February 19, 2023). Figures References: Dennis, A. et al. (2015) “The System Analysis and Information System Development,” in System analysis & design: An object-oriented approach with UML. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 6–37. Dennis, A. et al. (2015) “Project selection & management,” in System analysis & design: An object-oriented approach with UML. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 46–60.
