1. A. “All hummingbirds are richly colored.”
B. “No large birds live on honey.”
C. “Birds that do not live on honey are dull in color.”
D. “Hummingbirds are small.”
Let P(x), Q(x), R(x), and S(x) be the statements “x is a hummingbird,” “x is large,” “x lives on
honey,” and “x is richly colored,” respectively. Assuming that the domain consists of all birds,
express the statements in the argument using quantifiers and P(x), Q(x), R(x), and S(x).