ATI STUDY NOTES PASS ASSURED, Exams of Nursing

ATI STUDY NOTES PASS ASSURED 2025 Update

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2024/2025

Available from 06/15/2025

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ATI STUDY NOTES PASS ASSURED
1. Who can you delegate to (UAP/CNA)
- Do not give away EAT: evaluate, assess, teach. Or unstable Pts.
- UAP/CNA  VAPER: vitals, ambulation, position changes, eating,
recording I&O’s
- LPN  Reinforce education (can't give initial teaching), reassessment,
dressing change or wound care after surgeon does first wound care,
pass morning meds, collect VS, acute checks, trach care
- RN  must ambulate first bc this is assessment; admission data collection
and VS bc this is assessment; planning care; discharges; anything IV;
blood products
2. Prioritize who you see first
- Physical assessment
- New Pt; BP changes of 20 mm Hg; burn Pt w/ low O2; ā€œbecomesā€;
glucose < 70; Pt hasn’t been to Dr’s in years; ā€œdevelopedā€; post up > new
admit
3. Maternity
- know what patient will look like upon assessment for labor
complications: stage two bright red blood is normal, abruptio placente
is painful or bright red bleeding, prolapse cord, placenta previa,
- GTPAL: Gravidity  number of pregnancies; Term births  38+ weeks;
Preterm births  20-37 completed weeks; Abortions/miscarriages  < 20
weeks; Living children
- Nagele’s Rule: used to calculate delivery date; add 7 days, subtract 3
months
from first day of last menstrual period. EX: LMP  04/07/2022 then
expected delivery  01/14/2023
- Lochia: rubra first few days post-partum; serosa lasts 4-10 days; alba
lasts up to 6 weeks
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ATI STUDY NOTES PASS ASSURED

  1. Who can you delegate to (UAP/CNA)
    • Do not give away EAT: evaluate, assess, teach. Or unstable Pts.
    • UAP/CNA  VAPER: vitals, ambulation, position changes, eating, recording I&O’s
    • LPN  Reinforce education (can't give initial teaching), reassessment, dressing change or wound care after surgeon does first wound care, pass morning meds, collect VS, acute checks, trach care
    • RN  must ambulate first bc this is assessment; admission data collection and VS bc this is assessment; planning care; discharges; anything IV; blood products
  2. Prioritize who you see first
    • Physical assessment
    • New Pt; BP changes of 20 mm Hg; burn Pt w/ low O2; ā€œbecomesā€; glucose < 70; Pt hasn’t been to Dr’s in years; ā€œdevelopedā€; post up > new admit
  3. Maternity
    • know what patient will look like upon assessment for labor complications: stage two bright red blood is normal, abruptio placente is painful or bright red bleeding, prolapse cord, placenta previa,
    • GTPAL: Gravidity  number of pregnancies; Term births  38+ weeks; Preterm births  20-37 completed weeks; Abortions/miscarriages  < 20 weeks; Living children
    • Nagele’s Rule: used to calculate delivery date; add 7 days, subtract 3 months from first day of last menstrual period. EX: LMP  04/07/2022 then expected delivery  01/14/
    • Lochia: rubra first few days post-partum; serosa lasts 4-10 days; alba lasts up to 6 weeks
  • Rhogam: mother w/negative blood, baby w/positive blood; birth if given at 28 weeks & 72hrs after delivery; given IM; cannot be done by LPN
  • Bloody rupture of membranes is priority
  1. Pelvic inflammatory disease

stroke patient, child with rhinitis and mom is a drug user, substance abuse 3 days old

  • Speech therapy  ability to swallow
  • OT  fine motor
  • PT  gross motor
  • Social work  homeless or transitioning lifestyles
  • Respiratory  breathing treatments
  • Chaplin  advanced directives, spiritual needs
  1. Hepatic encephalopathy
  • Pts who has a poorly functioning liver (ESLF) are unable to convert ammonia in other waste products to a less toxic form. Products are carried to the brain and cause neurological manifestations
  • S/S: liver failure - causing encephalopathy, jaundice, AMS/confusion, clay- colored stools, fetor hepaticus
  • Treatment: Lactulose (excretes ammonia via feces, decreases pH of bowel, diarrhea is expected, watery stools indicate overdose), Supplementation (Vitamin A comma B, C, K), administer diuretics (reduces fluid volume overload AKA ascites/edema), diet (reducing sodium intake and fluid as prescribed, if no ascites/edema high protein diet with vitamin supplementation)
  • Complications: kidney failure (decrease in urine output, elevated BUN, CR, urine osmolarity, decrease sodium excretion leads to fluid volume overload), heart failure (fluid overload), hypokalemia (monitor lab findings bc Pt can become hypokalemic with increased stools from the Lactulose therapy)
  • S/S to report: LOC changes for pre comatose state (tremors, delirium), asterixis (flapping of the hands at the wrist), fetor hepaticus (fruity, musty breath odor, clinical indications that encephalopathy is worsening)
  1. ED prescriptions
  • What meds would you give first 10.Strep infections

11.Obtaining specimens

  • Collection of midstream urine sample  label a sterile container with name; wash hands; clean around urethra using wipes, never wipe from back to front; start to pee for several seconds; stop flow of urine and position cup; begin catching the ā€œmidstreamā€ urine; wash avoid touching body related to contamination risk; wash hands
  • Spread labia with non-dominant hand if inserting straight cath
  • If obtaining from bag: brand new foley insert o Anytime after most come from the port 12.Pt teaching  mental health 13.Peds Lice
  • D/C instructions o Looks like grain of rice and won’t just flick off the hair o Treat with nicks, very itchy o Knits will hatch after 30 days o Treat the whole family 14.Dementia
  • What are we worried about w/ dementia Pts?  Confusion, safety o Put bed alarm on for these pts o Put pt close to nurse’s station with 3 side rails up and monitor for dysphagia
  1. What happens when you give wrong med but they don’t have adverse rxn but you have to document it
  • Report form should not be copied or place in Pt’s record, make no reference to the occurrence report form in the Pt’s record 16.Mass casualty
  • Who do you see first
  • RPM  Respiration, Pulse, Mental status
  • RED: life-threatening injuries and need immediate attention, continuous evaluation, but have higher probability for survival and

stabilize.

o Medication administration error (assess pt first THEN call dr!) o Needle sticks 19.Colorectal cancer

  • Risks: age >50, family polyposis, hx of chronic IBS
  • Assessment: o Blood in stool (detected in fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy), anorexia, vomiting and weight loss anemia
  • Screening: o GUAIAC test: occult blood o Screenings start at 50 and again every 10 years o Lay them on left side to prep for colonoscopy 20.Rubella
  • What does it mean. How does it apply to maternity o Contraindications: ā–Ŗ Severe allergic reaction to previous dose or gelatin, neomycin, eggs, or if you are pregnant or immunodeficient o If child received immunoglobulin wait 3-6 months to vaccinate o Vaccinate at 4-6 years old, if not then 11-12 years old o Antepartum negative rubella titer  give to mom after the baby is born and before she leaves hospital o If someone gets this vaccine they need to avoid pregnancy for 1-3 months. 21.Health screening normal thing to do for children, men, women
  • Screening for cancer: 50 for colonoscopy every five years, 50 for prostate exam every five years, 21 pap smear every three years, self- breast exam 7 days after period, anytime once a month when not on period, Mammogram once a year starting at 40, scoliosis middle-aged bend over at waist curved spine 22.Cast care
  • D/C teaching
  • Let air dry, don't touch with fingertips bc it creates dents and pressure
  • Monitor for signs of infection: increased temp, hot spots on casts, odor or changes in pain o If finger is cold, feeling dead or funny  Call Dr! 23.Bipolar
  • Interventions
  • Remove hazardous objects from environment, provide frequent rest periods, monitor sleep patterns, limit group activities, avoid competitive games, solitary activities may be necessary, encouraged to express feelings, promote exercise and positive activity during mania 24.Stages of grieving
  • Terminal cancer
  • Stage 1: Shock & Disbelief (bargaining)
  • Stage 2: Experiencing loss (crying, hopelessness, lack of self-care)
  • Stage 3: Reintegration (planning, obtaining living will)
  • Pt can fluctuate through stages in any order or pattern
  • Communication: assessment of Pt’s knowledge, feeling, status of grieving, be aware of religious, cultural and spiritual beliefs, be a sensitive learner, extend touch and hold hand if appropriate, encourage reminiscing 25.OCD
  • Obsessions: preoccupation with persistently intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images and ideas
  • Compulsions: the performance of rituals or receptive behaviors an individual is driven to perform to prevent some event, divert unacceptable thoughts, and decrease anxiety
  • Interventions: o Ensure basic needs are met o Do not interrupt compulsive behaviors unless they jeopardize safety of pt or others

o Set limits 26.Amitriptyline

coming in contact with hearing aid 31.Angina

  • Nitroglycerin  Pt teachings o Causes headaches o Take and then assess in 5 minutes o Do not take nitro if pt is taking sildenafil (Viagra)  will cause BP to decrease too much o Do not administer if pallor, unsteady gait, irritability or diaphoresis occurs  (signs of hypotension) o Keep medication in cool dark place 32.MH disorders
  • What kind of meds for Pt teaching
  • Lithium  avoid dehydration, exercise, diuretics, tea, cola, coffee, excessive salt 33.IV Cath insertion
  • What do you look for o Skin tears ā–Ŗ Avoid skin tear with IV insert by placing a sleeve or wash cloth in between tourniquet and skin 34.IV mag sulfate
  • Used for? o Stopping pre term labor, preventing seizures in preeclampsia and eclamptic patients
  • Side effects/Adverse effects o Flushing, decreased DTRs o Discontinue with any intolerable adverse effects ā–Ŗ Adverse: Respiratory depression
  • Antidote is calcium gluconate
  1. IV rates for meds
  • For nitroglycerin
  • Nitroglycerin gtt  MONA
  • Light sensitivity
  • Sterile procedure
  • Complications: CAUTI

40.Bronchoscopy

  • before, during, and after: lidocaine to numb throat, check gag reflex, after assessment of return of gag reflex give ice chips
  • Need to monitor and observe for hemoptysis and sore throat 41.ABGs
  • pH: 7.35-7.
  • pO2: 80- 100
  • pCO2: 35- 45
  • pHCO3: 22- 28
  • ROME: respiratory opposite, metabolic same
  • Metabolic acidosis: DKA, lack of O2, alcohol, liver failure, seizures, diarrhea, AKI/ARF, malnutrition. administer oxygen, fluids, fiber, antidiarrheals, insulin, Lactulose, albumin
  • Metabolic alkalosis: diuretics, vomiting, GI suctioning, Cushing’s. administer antiemetics, reduce/stop suction/PRN, reduce anti acids/diuretics, replace electrolytes, monitor labs
  • Respiratory alkalosis: heart attack/MI, asthma, COPD, PE, hyperventilation, fever, pain, stress/anxiety, hypoxia. the minister's antipyretics, anxiolytics, oxygen, pain management, anticoagulants, nitroglycerin
  • Respiratory acidosis: respiratory depression, emphysema, pulmonary edema, hypoventilation, pneumonia. Administer nebulizers, turn/cough in deep breathe, IS, high fowlers, oxygen, antibiotics, bipap 42.Endoscopic carpel tunnel release
  • Post op care: o This is for carpal tunnel syndrome o Thin, flexible tube that contains a camera is put into the wrist through a tiny incision