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ATI TEAS 7 PRACTICE CERTIFICATION EVALUATION SET 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION EXPERT CHECKED
Typology: Exams
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โ cephalic. Answer: head โ cervial. Answer: neck โ Antebrachial. Answer: forearm โ Pollex. Answer: thumb โ crural. Answer: shin โ tarsal. Answer: ankle โ hallux. Answer: big toe โ coxa. Answer: hip โ Otic. Answer: ear
โ mental. Answer: chin โ Occipital. Answer: base of skull โ Acromial. Answer: shoulder โ olecranal. Answer: back of elbow โ sural. Answer: calf โ cardiovascular system. Answer: closed system responsible for the movement of blood and lymph around the body, which permits nutrient distribution, waste removal, communication, and protection. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymphatic system โ lymphatic system. Answer: open system where lymph that bathes the interstitial spaces b/t cells and circulates through lymph vessels โ atria (heart). Answer: superior chambers; receive blood from outside heart
โ blood. Answer: composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets โ Leukocytes. Answer: white blood cells; defense against disease and function in immunity response โ hemoglobin. Answer: protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from lungs to cells and helps return CO2 from the cells back to lungs โ Platlets. Answer: responsible for clotting โ lymphatic vessels. Answer: linked to lymph nodes and lymphatic capillaries. vein-like. โ lymph fluid. Answer: Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease. filtered through hundreds of lymph nodes distributed throughout bodies. โ lymphatic capillaries. Answer: entwined with cardiovascular capillaries and absorb excess tissue fluid and blood plasma that leaks from capillaries
โ lymph nodes. Answer: concentrated in neck, armpit, and groin and contain lymphocytes โ Lymphocytes. Answer: Makes antibodies that target pathogens in lymph fluid so that other cells can destroy them โ cardiac cycle. Answer: A complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricles. impulse within the sinoatrial (SA, pacemaker) node - > right and left atria causing them to contract and force blood into ventricles- >impulse reaches atrioventricular (AV) node->travels through to the ventricles' walls causing them to contract->diastole (rest phase) โ Systole. Answer: contraction of atria followed by ventricles โ diastole. Answer: rest phase of the heartbeat โ flow of blood from the body through the heart. Answer: pulmonary system receives deoxygenated blood into the right atrium from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava-> contraction of right atrium pumps blood through right AV valve into right ventricle-> contraction of right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary artery through pulmonary semilunar valve-> lungs-> oxygenated blood through pulmonary veins into left atrium-
โ visceral. Answer: internal organs โ Dendrites. Answer: nerve fibers that are receptor extensions that receive nerve impulses โ Flow of nervous system. Answer: A stimulus is picked up at the dendrites-> cell body - > down the axon-> terminal branches-> release of chemical neurotransmitters into synapse-> picked up by the next cell-> continuation or inhibition of impulse-> sensory neurons carry afferent impulses towards CNS, and motor neurons carry efferent impulses from CNS to muscles-> efferent impulse stimulates a muscle contraction โ synapse. Answer: the structure that allows neurons to pass signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands โ muscles. Answer: fibrous tissues that have the ability to shorten or contract to move body parts and then relax to their original length. Consists of bundles of muscle fibers/cells that contain many myofibrils. โ myofibrils. Answer: Have 2 types of contractile protein filaments: thinner actin and thicker myosin. These contractile protein filaments are arranged in overlapping bands.
โ Sarcomere. Answer: repeating contractile unit of a skeletal muscle and is delineated by these bands of myosin and actin filaments โ contraction. Answer: Thin actin filaments slide past the thicker myosin filaments causing the sarcomere unit to shorten/contract. The actin and myosin filaments don't shorten themselves but shorten the length of the sarcomere by sliding past one another. ATP is used to cause the contraction and is also necessary for the relaxation of the muscle. โ relaxation. Answer: when a muscle returns to its original form โ muscle strain. Answer: A stretching or tearing of a muscle โ muscle sprain. Answer: injury to the accompanying support ligaments and tendons of a muscle โ Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig's Disease). Answer: neuromuscular junction is compromised. Motor neurons degenerate and die leading to loss of voluntary muscle movement. โ Musclur Dystrophy. Answer: group of genetic disorders in which abnormal genes interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscles. Both voluntary and involuntary muscles are compromised.
โ Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer). Answer: Deepest layer of skin 2 major types are the loose connective tissue, areolar and adipose tissue (fat) highly vascular below is the muscle layer โ sebaceous glands. Answer: Accessory structure originating in the dermis that secretes sebum onto hair emerging from the hair follicle โ ceruminous glands. Answer: accessory structures that produces ear wax. They're found only in the dermis of the ear canal. โ apocrine sweat glands. Answer: accessory structures of the dermis that are in physical association with the hair follicles, producing a secretion with an odor (that may act as a sex pheromone in humans). Apocrine sweat has higher concentration of fatty acids where bacteria use apocrine sweat components as nutrients, they quickly change its odor to one of rancid fatty acids. โ Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands. Answer: Accessory structures originating throughout the dermis of the human body, which secrete sweat used primarily for thermoregulation.
โ functions of integumentary system. Answer: removes metabolic wastes, synthesizes vitamin D, communication and sensory tool (sensations, blushing), protects body, and is main organ of temperature regulation โ integumentary system Thermoregulation. Answer: 2 primary means are perspiration and diameter changes of blood vessels. Temperature sensors (thermoreceptors) in both the hypothalamus and skin. Thermoreceptors provide info to the hypothalamus which it uses to act as a thermostat. โ cutaneous vasodilation. Answer: an increase in the diameter of blood vessels in the dermis that increases blood flow through the skin โ cutaneous vasoconstriction. Answer: reduces the amount of blood traveling close to the surface of the body, thus decreasing heat loss through the skin โ The hypothalamus stimulates cutaneous vasodilation. This allows more blood to flow near the surface of the body, so that body heat carried by the blood is transferred to the external environment. If insufficient to lower body temperature, the hypothalamus stimulates sweat production.. Answer: Thermoregulation for high body temperature
โ target sites. Answer: Organ(s) that exhibits the effect โ epinephrine. Answer: adrenaline; released from adrenal glands; regulates heart rate and blood pressure โ adrenal glands. Answer: Above the kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, etc. โ endocrine glands. Answer: do not have ducts compared to other glands โ exocrine glands. Answer: Produces secretions that have an extracellular effect (chemical digestion). These secretions leave the gland by a duct. Ex: salivary gland โ pancreas. Answer: The gland of the digestive and endocrine systems produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices. Beta cells are able to adjust the amount of insulin they secrete in proportion to the amount of blood glucose they detect. When blood glucose levels are too low, alpha cells secrete glucagon. Both kinds of cells regulate blood sugar amounts through negative feedback.
โ insulin. Answer: a hormone produced by the pancreas that triggers the influx of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels โ glucagon. Answer: A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that stimulates its target cells in the liver to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood. โ negative feedback. Answer: A mechanism that includes the monitoring for specific homeostatic levels and a signal to a gland: This signal stimulates/inhibits the gland's secretion in order to maintain homeostasis or cause compensations that return the level to homeostasis. Most hormone levels are regulated through this way. โ diabetes. Answer: disease that results from a pancreatic hormone regulation malfunction into pathologically high blood sugar levels. โ Hypothalamus. Answer: a location in the brain that is an integration center b/t the endocrine and nervous system. Produces releasing hormones that stimulate inhibiting hormones that restrict the production of several hormones produced by the anterior pituitary. โ releasing hormones. Answer: chemical messengers that stimulate the production of certain hormones
reached. Compared to negative feedback, there are only a few situations where this is used. ex: expulsion of the fetus during childbirth โ oxytocin. Answer: a hormone made by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. One of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth. โ pineal gland. Answer: A small gland near the center of the brain that secretes melatonin โ Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Answer: a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the development of ova or sperm. Also stimulates the production of estrogen. โ estrogen. Answer: steroid hormone; Female sex hormone released by ovaries โ luteinizing hormone. Answer: a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in ovaries and production of testosterone in testes. โ ovaries. Answer: female gonads where eggs are produced for reproduction
โ Testosterone. Answer: The steroid hormone that stimulates male secondary sexual characteristics โ steroid hormones. Answer: hormones derived from cholesterol. Their lipid composition allows them to pass easily through cell membranes and nuclear membranes. Affect transcription (expression of specific genes) in their target cells. Ex: increase in sex hormones influencing patterns of gene expression in specific cells-puberty. โ puberty. Answer: a physiological period in which changes in hormone levels cause a general "growth spurt" and development of secondary sex characteristics. โ nonsteroid hormones. Answer: water-soluble hormones that can't pass b/t the phospholipids of cell membranes. They bind to cell surface receptors. Binding of the hormone to receptor triggers changes in the receptor that signals molecules within the target cell. These internal signals initiate a network of chemical reactions within the target cell, ultimately leading to specific metabolic effects. ex: thymosin stimulates the production of T cells โ thymus. Answer: The lymphoid organ that produces T-cells.
โ involuntary contraction of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. It squeezes food through the digestive tract.. Answer: peristalsis โ reverse peristalsis which causes vomiting. Answer: retroperistalsis โ contractions that constrict the intestine into segments to allow the chyme to fully mix. Answer: segementation โ branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys. Answer: renal arteries โ the thyroid gland doesn't produce a sufficient amount of its primary hormone. Answer: What results from a deficit in the production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone? โ hormone made by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. One of its functions is to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth. Answer: oxytocin โ hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates development of eggs in the ovaries and sperm in the testes. Answer: follicle-stimulating hormone
โ self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function. Answer: organ โ small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli, air sacs located in the lungs. Answer: bronchioles โ membranes around the lungs that also line the inside of the chest cavity. Answer: pleura โ tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Answer: alveoli โ The two main passageways directly attached to the lungs. They connect the trachea and bronchioles.. Answer: bronchi โ the chromosomes don't separate properly during meiosis. Answer: What would result in a human zygote containing 47 chromosomes instead of the typical 46 chromosomes? โ Binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma, which results in the opening of sodium channels. Answer: What is the function of acetylcholine in a neuromuscular junction?
