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ATI Video Case Study: Pediatric Dehydration
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ATI Video Case Study: Pediatric Dehydration View the video case study and complete the quiz. Please upload the report. Also, answer the following: CLINICAL SCENARIO You are the nurse caring for a 3-year-old client who was admitted to the hospital for gastroenteritis and dehydration. The child is having excessive diarrhea and febrile with a temperature of 101° F for the past 3 days. The mother reports giving the child acetaminophen as directed by the pediatrician. The mother is also providing fluid replacement with a sports drink but the child refuses to drink much and states her stomach doesn’t feel good. 1 What manifestations would you anticipate for the pediatric client who has gastroenteritis and dehydration? ● Fever is higher than 101° F. Persistent vomiting and/or diarrhea (runny stools) Refusing to drink fluids such as Pedialyte, Ricelyte, and Gatorade. Not making urine at least six times a day. 2 What additional questions would you ask the mother related to the pediatric client’s condition? ● Has your child been exposed to an adult or child with diarrhea, especially in a day-care center or preschool setting? ● Has your child played with a pet that is ill with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea? ● The number of episodes of vomiting ● Whether your child can drink fluids without vomiting ● The number of bowel movements ● Whether your child's bowel movements are semi-solid, mildly "loose" or very watery ● How often your child has been urinating, often measured as the number of wet diapers within the last 8 to 12 hours, or the number of bathroom trips to urinate ● 3 What additional assessment data should be obtained? ● A doctor will diagnose gastroenteritis by first taking a complete history of your symptoms. Often, lab tests are not needed to diagnose this condition. However, if
you have persistent fever or blood in your stool, stool study tests may be ordered. Rarely, ultrasounds, X-rays, or CT scans may be helpful in diagnosis. 4 What laboratory results would you make a priority to monitor and why? ● Diagnostic test for gastroenteritis Your doctor will likely diagnose gastroenteritis based on symptoms, a physical exam, and sometimes on the presence of similar cases in your community. A rapid stool testcan detect rotavirus or norovirus, but there are no quick tests for other viruses that cause gastroenteritis. there is a sudden change in stool consistency to loose or watery stools and/or a sudden onset of vomiting 5 What is the priority nursing action for this client? ● Increased fluid intake replaces fluid lost in liquid stools. ● Administer antidiarrheal medications as prescribed. ● Encourage the client to eat foods rich in potassium. ● Educate the client about perianal care after each bowel movement. ● Teach the client about the importance of hand washing after each bowel movement and before preparing food for others. ● Assess for abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds, frequency, urgency, and loose stools. ● Submit client’s stool for culture. ● Assess for abdominal pain, abdominal cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds, frequency, urgency, and loose stools. 6 What potential isolation precaution should be anticipated? ● Contact precautions include wearing gloves and a plastic apron or impervious gown when having contact with the patient or the patient's environment, especially when attending to patient toileting and hygiene. Protective eyewear and mask must be worn when there is the potential of vomit or fecal splashing. 7 What discharge teaching should be given to the mother? ● Drink fluids slowly, in frequent, small amounts, because drinking too much too fast can cause vomiting. Begin eating mild foods, such as dry toast, yogurt, applesauce, bananas, and rice. Avoid spicy, hot, or high-fat foods, and do not drink alcohol or caffeine for a day or two.