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Fluoyescent a fen pDeFlected Particles fold thin goid foil for this — EnPeriment Because goic Foil is MOSt Melleabie. Sold Foi, > He made a ciycylay Fiuovescent Screen AFOUNA goid Foil. . , —— —ae o—_ ———— fe ——— = Or - center & <— Rom 5 —— a oy “* MOSt OF the x- particles passed un- deviated trough the golel Foi) > Most oF the Part oF the an atoms 'S empty | > Few a- ponticie ave deviated trough Small angies. — for contain -ve & ive charge in E4Ual amount ahom is neutral > Avery Few (4 oUF OF 20090) 4 - parlicle| iS deviated back +0 the original Path (1G0* deviated) > Whole OF the tue Charge of an _ Gtom is concentrated in c gmat » called “nucieus., a — MF L a: ~ The Size oP nucteus is very Small ComPound 40 sre of atom. bia “> R atom = 1o-%m , R nucieus =\o% i Anatom ig iS times. bigger than ni ne R=RoCAy"s cm + 7 Ro = 4.35 xjo7!Sm R= mass number; R= Radius of the nucteus. “The €° revolves: crround Nucteus is different concentric. ciyctes scaed orbits. og ' oa fe t (+) Gi ! 1 Fd ig ’ > ost oF the atom is emPphy. [Drawhack of Rutherford Mode} — Rutherford sai Clectrvon evolves around the NUCLEUS iN Obits ~* Electron is continously chonging # diveckon * Thut means elecron is acceterdted MOHOn. > Ric +o memwetl ie a charge ponticle YOHIE around Gnothey Changed Particle in ArCAeTUKed MoHON Phen Ik ¥ nergy ip 6- veleasé energy then Finally ib coiy meyge in nucleus * SO Rutherford Falled +o explain CHISHENCE of akon. Ruthey Foy Rotled +o PXPIGIN maNce N lechonic theovy, ae eS + It can not expiain the line Spectrum of hydrogen, pies os al : 7 i tal HE Energy of revowving et Tota) en Pas: i n constany > —— et 4 fe “eeping 8 constan) En = -13.6 x 20 L ne ER) may : “EF = H3.6 4 = Yye=ha® I => = eV PE =-24.2 a ey n he . aay Diasiaie \eePINg z constant rid velociky of nth gony's orbit !- Sa F ae = B= BH XIOF x 5 mis] i . Keepin ing 1 gH _constant Vaz nw En En | : a 5 — - — ~ — n=0o hel -0.SY —— n=5 “si 7 ei |-O1.5] n=3 tin ai 1-99 ev ag Z_constont ~ $40 aie 10.2eV ry (2-4Sev Yn -BS4 —— n=t wr ten For H like muliplied by Z* 2 Iseeping n constant Energy Gap: 1-2 210 be ‘im —* Mewwell supports coave nutuve of ight > Plank Supports paride nutive of 1i9hF According +o plank light energy is trancmite A in Ferm of small packets called quanta . The quanta ave culled! Photon. fbavactevistic oF Photon W raver csith speed of light Cc=3x 108 misec) in Vaccum 8) The speew 4 wavelength of photon Chanye in a medium but I's Frequency 3 energy constant. : 8) The ves} mass of Photon is ZE10 RIC Plank when photons fravets iL Follow coave natuve when Photon Shike any suyface tr Fouoews nuhive- Energy of Photon Ex\t E=h¥ E> be A h= 6.62% 10°54 J coe Enersy fox n no.of Photon= Unit oF energy SL unit = Joule other unit = eV 1ev ~1-6 xo 47 h= 6:63 xto~S4z~5 hc= I2U0 eV-nm hc~ j2u00 ev-# Pertti > Photo eiectyic efredt Suppor ks, pt nature of tight cohen light is incident on cer mera) electrons crre objected our oF mela SuTPace, > These electrons are calted Photo Plechons. Light ea ee recee elecrrons qo aa - Vacum chambey |. Ammetty mi +> The cunen} Fomine to MoHon oP elechon in civtuil é +> This Phenomeng is cuted photoeledv ic effecp. [Photoelechic cunreny —+ The cuvvent cdhich Plows cue to the mokon oF elecwon in circul'h iS culled! phokoelectyic convent what is the Functon of bathory ? * Bakery ensures +hup Clechee Slechror move From ceithode +o anoel 6, $§ Work Function cé) 5 Thevsold Function Energy to ejece Cur 40 Mera SUYFare won © charattervishcs oF —+> minimum energy sequired om ele chron Fumoion is th mera. * work Fumuion is difFe on dite merey “ThevShoid Frequency (Ve) i nee aa The min Requeny of ing 49 ejeck an e- Fe "aes * energy required +0 Sending e® 40 infinity. “AE =LE =+13-627eV AE = LE = H3-62% x96 KT / Mol aK Binding energy :- —» Energy vequived +o seme e& vemove e© From given energy Sheil. BE = energy of nth shel) 1 = 18-627 nrev MZ HYdvogen Speclum 3K n=qy N=6 n=S ney nt - Bracke SETIES n=4 . N2=5,6 IR n=3 “% as Paschen series ns N2=45... @ n=2 yd TR Balmer series m=2 aa fas 304-s maa n= ¥a Visible “ymeN Series meaL Nz= Z,3.-..., UV. % Ridberg's Formula 4 Py pals Pea R27] ae n)] R= 109639 cmt —)-0967 x105= 10° Aa= 4 | _ Fist tine of Lama az » Second line CB OF He INE) lde=3 BSRZE — Line of Shovlest wavelength Amin = RZt —+> Line of longest coavelength da =4 SRZ - caiculaHon of no- oF spectro line: (n2-m) (Na-m4F) 2 [na-m) — single e® (M2 - ground state of thot Series) “Specific series, Drowback of Rohy's model — APPliCable For Single e& species —> Not explain statlr effect & Zeaman eFfeck. .‘De- Broglie concept - magnelic Radiation CEwR) 46 eS See | > According +o mawwell EWR travels in Forms of waves ~¥ In EWR electic Field »magnehc Fieids diveciion of propagation ave perpendi Culary 40 Gach other: Electric 1 ‘ 1 i Mmagnelic <—— wavelength + — According 40 menwell EMR travels in Foxm of waves O waveiength :- (4) Distance blW any 4wo cyeasts or through. $-I unit =meter. rmplitudg Ag = to-'’r gall ae inm = 103m (\ (l\ iia tpm = tol? m U U Uv 4¢m <10 Sm = “Tough. @ Frequency + OY) No-of waves passing Ahvough a point per seconcl Vetocity of wave ve ve ee In vaccuum EmR travels with SPeed) OF light EMR: ¥ = Unit = Sec-! or He Ale = 103He 4MH2 = 108 He Amt He = 10°S He. vee A wave Number cw) = indim length a A a cove number (V) = Reciprocal of wave length Vv mt mt velocily’: Diskance coverecl by q CONE in One Sev. : Vel oF light 3xto8 mis AmelitUd © : The height of cvest oy clepth of through oe ter 7" oF wo ios whole 1o it \ it L oi eS oo re CAAMMG | x-Reys! UY IR | Radio waves RUNS + 4 Yoo 506 CVIOIEF) — coavetength namo (704) metey (nm) DRAWBACKS) " EMR explain: ) Reflackon i) Refraction 2 \, ‘ ave Na i) DiFPyaction $ ee EMR can not explain i} Photo etechic ii) biackbocty neha ake ery oF Proton (Anode Ray Cuperi.)| Oiscovery oF nettyron Perforated cathodle - > node To vaccum pump : SI Hi9h Voltag @ gene —+ 40 Perforated cathode 2 Smal holes in cathode Red floc behind cathode it SecusRaNs ave coming From anode 40 cathode. — cathode vuys omginated Prom cathode but anode Yays ave ot originated! from anode +> hen voltage is applied ©-are eri Prom cathode 3 move towards emade. — The e€- ionize the gas Filled ome vet Chayged ions are formed! —> -+ve ion move From anole 40 cuthade § ohsewed as anode rays. TherePove anede ~rays cre not geneva ted From anode, PropevHes of fmade Rays > For different gasses used in the Chonge +0 muss yao cei) is cliff. RE Natuve oF anode rewys cchavge /rass sano) depends. i] The datuve of gas taxen ii) The material of erectvode Anode Rays +yavel in Shaight line © Vike cathodl RQYS, + These diSo xOHIHe pin cohee) like Cetthale ey sae in eleciric Field: Anode vay ave py ak - Di i “ped lnw presuire —vischonge|* DiScovereel by Chacleoick s | Wbe |* iF iS @ neutval particle “J + |" 'FiS Produced by bombardment of —— | %- Particle on Be atom. + Cat | Be? 4,He" — | i= ——— — ae [mass of electron (me) Gd octonsl kg =9-1 10728 [Charge oF @lechon ce) = 46 xlo9e C |imasy oP projan (mp) = 1-66x 10°27 199 = | ry | 1:66 xto“*4 9 = t amu | MP = 1834 me Mp =(Guome Mp= 2o0lme Kg [charge of proten (2}= 1.6 xo Ie (G3) [rvs of neuron (mp)}= 1-645 x 10 ky = 4675x107 kg, change of neubon)- oes eS = ee eee + Atom considered as a Positive Charged sphere | > Electron cre clishibutécl uniformly | iN this sphere |~* This modet ago known Plum Pucldling Mode} ee ~» It Explained the neulvatity of atom » > Bub can not GXPiaiN the s +Vely Charge. eK! oF dtom. ' 1ETIC_ QUANTUM No. “+ dye: nya¥e is « node = Region ovound the nucieuS _, ay. xy 412 i8 nodal plan Where PTObcability OF Findlin 7 ©€© is maximum tocle- Region around the nucteus where no e© can found tt Cun be a point Isuyface Plane. For P ovbital eo Oeital BA Some Ameren) Pormuiq | | |+ No.of SubShei! Poy given shell=n j* MOA no. orbital in a SubShel = é \ ‘ | nr ym +maH no.oF ©-in a shen =2nz Pz x ot. x— — Po =Hy¥ plane lis Nodal plané |~+ Writng electronic configuyavion — PY= ee plane is nodal plane _ 4 P2= ‘Yz plane is nodal plane. Sa For d orbital used y @3) Class Clase, Br \ PHus Ol ICs it 
