Physical Science
Chapter 4
Atomic Structure
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A comprehensive overview of atomic structure, covering key concepts such as dalton's atomic theory, thomson's model, rutherford's atomic theory, and bohr's model. It explains the structure of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, and introduces important concepts like atomic number, mass number, and isotopes. Suitable for high school students studying physical science and provides a solid foundation for understanding the building blocks of matter.
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2023/2024
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Physical Science
Chapter 4
Atomic Structure
Democritus and Aristotle
◦ Democritus thought all matter consisted of
extremely tiny particles that could not be divided.
(Cut aluminum foil in half)
◦ Also thought matter in liquids was round and
smooth; in solids rough and prickly
◦ Aristotle thought there was no limit to the number
of times matter could be divided.
4.1 Studying Atoms
Used a cathode ray tube to show evidence
for subatomic, charged particles.
Thomson’s Model
Plum pudding model (chocolate chip ice
cream.
Negatively charged particles evenly spaced
throughout a solid mass of positive charge.
Thomson continued
Chapter 4
Lesson 2
“Structure of the Atom”
A. An atom
- smallest part of matter
- Ripping paper example B. Areas of an atom
- Nucleus – center of an atom -holds protons and neutrons a. Protons (P) – positively charged particle found in the nucleus. -has a mass of 1 -has a charge of 1+ I. Subatomic Particles
Protons Electrons Neutrons
Particle Mass Charge Location of particle Particles in an Atom Review Proton Neutron Electron
nucleus nucleus Electron cloud
A. Def – The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
- On P.T. – bottom number -round up/down
- Ex: What is the mass number of the following elements? Carbon Oxygen Iron Calcium Sodium Zinc III. Mass Number 12 56 23
A. Def – An atom that has a different number of neutrons.
- Does not affect the element
- Only changes the weight of the element
- Ex: Boron-10 and Boron- IV. Isotope p p p p p p p p p p n n n n n n n n n n n 5 protons 5 protons 5 neutrons 6 neutrons This means the mass # Boron-10 Boron-
- How many neutrons do the following isotopes have? Oxygen- Titanium- Magnesium- Potassium- Aluminum- Iodine-
Chapter 4
Lesson 3
“Modern Atomic Theory”
Chemistry Timeline…pg. 114-
A. Def – a specific area where an electron is
likely to be.
I. Bohr’s Model / Energy Levels nucleus 2 electrons 8 electrons 18 electrons 32 electrons e
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