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Unit 1.1: Atomic Structure
Further Reference: 4.2 Structure of Atoms
THE ATOM
- The atom is _________________________________________________________
a. It is the basic building block ______________________
b. The atom is made of the following 3 parts:
i. _______________, ___________________, _________________
- The atom is composed of 2 parts: the ______________ and the ________________
a. The nucleus is ______________ charged
i. Contains ______________ and ______________
ii. Protons are _________________ charged
iii. Neutrons are _______________ charged
- Neutrons act like____________ for the nucleus
b. The electrons are ______________ charged
i. Electrons occupy the ________________________ around the nucleus
ii. Electrons are arranged into ____________ or ______________
iii. Electrons are _________ moving in _______________________ around the nucleus. Their movement is ___________________
iv. The electron cloud give us _____________________ location
Location Charge Mass Special Fact
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
PROPERTIES OF ATOMS
1. Atomic number is ______________________________________________________________________
a. Each element has its _____________________________________________________________
b. In a NEUTRAL ATOM, this is also ____________________________________________________
2. (Average) Atomic Mass is ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Mass number is the ____________________________________________________________________
a. It is the sum of the ______________ and _____________ in the nucleus
b. Mass number = ___________________ + _____________________
4. Isotope Notation:
PRACTICE WITH ELEMENT PARTS
Element Symbol Atomic # Protons Neutrons Mass #
Boron โ 11 B
Carbon โ 12 6 6
Magnesium โ 23 12 23
Copper โ 64 29 35
a. This is called a _______________
b. So if the Mg atom loses 2 electrons, it becomes _____________
- Gaining an electron gives an atom a _____________ charge because there are now more __________________
a. This is called a _______________
b. So if the F atom gains 1 electron, it becomes ________________
19 39 N+^8 16 N-2^20 41 N+
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Unit 1.3: Electron Arrangement
Further Reference: 4.3 Modern Atomic Theory ENERGY LEVELS
- Electrons that are closer to the nucleus have ____________ energy
a. Further away from the nucleus means you have __________ energy
- Each level (or shell) has a maximum number of __________ that it can hold. a. 1 st^ level = ______________ b. 2 nd^ level = ______________ c. 3 rd^ level = ______________ d. 4 th^ level = ______________
- Electrons must occupy the __________________________________________ first
BOHR DIAGRAMS
- Bohr diagrams show the _____________________ of the atom
c. They show __________________ that an atom has orbiting around it.
- These electrons are organized into different _____________ or _______________
d. ____________ = 2 electrons
e. ____________ = 8 electrons
f. ____________ = 18 electrons
- Draw the following Bohr Diagrams:
H B
F Si
Unit 1.4: Periodic Table of Elements
Further Reference: 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 โ Exploring, Organizing, and Families of the PT
THREE MAIN CATEGORIES
- The three main categories of the periodic table are
c. ___________________ d. ___________________ e. ___________________
- Properties of METALS a. Metals are found on the ____________ side of the periodic table i. Except for _____________
b. Metals are: i. Good ______________________________ ii. __________________ iii. ___________________ (can be stretched into thin wires) iv. ___________________ (can be pounded into thin sheets)
c. A chemical property of metal is its reaction with _____________ which results in
- Properties of NON-METALS a. Non-Metals are found on the ____________ side of the periodic table i. Except for _____________
b. Non-Metals are: i. Poor ______________________________ ii. Not __________________________________ iii. Solid nonmetals are ________________ and __________________ iv. Many non-metals are _________________
- Properties of METALLOIDS a. Metalloids are located __________________________________________ b. Have properties of both _________________ and _________________ c. Metalloids are: i. Solids can be ______________________________ ii. They are __________________________________ iii. They conduct _________________________________ better than _______________, but not as well as __________________
ORGANIZING THE PERIODIC TABLE
1. PERIODS
a. Each _________________ is called a ___________________ b. The elements in a period ___________________________ in properties c. Each element in the same period has the same _______________________ d. The first elements in a period (the far left side of the PT) is always an ____________________________. The last element in a period (the far right side of the PT) is always an ________________________. e. As you travel right across a period, you increase the ___________________ in the nucleus by _______
2. FAMILIES
a. Columns of elements are called ______________ or ______________ b. Elements in each family have ___________________ c. All elements in a family have the same number of _________________ d. As you moved down a family, each new elements has an extra __________________________
3. HYDROGEN
a. The hydrogen square sits atop ________________, but it is _____________ of that family i. Hydrogen is in a class of its own. b. It is a ______________ at room temperature c. It has _________________ in its one and only energy level. d. Hydrogen only needs ___________________ to fill up its valence shell
4. SPECIFIC FAMILIES
a. Group 1: Alkali Metals have __________ valence electrons i. Hydrogen is not a member; it is a _________________ ii. Often react with Halogens because they have ___ valence electrons iii. Very _____________, especially with ________________
b. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metalshave __________ valence electrons i. Often reactive with the _____________ family
c. Group 3-12: Transition Metalshave __________ valence electrons i. Valence electrons (and oxidation number) __________________
d. Group 13: Boron Familyhave __________ valence electrons i. Most are ______________ ( Boron is a _____________ )
e. Group 14: Carbon Familyhave __________ valence electrons i. Contains ______________, ______________, and ______________
f. Group 15: Nitrogen Familyhave __________ valence electrons i. Contains ______________, ______________, and ______________
g. Group 16: Oxygen Familyhave __________ valence electrons i. Contains ______________, ______________, and ______________ ii. Reactive with _________________________
h. Group 17: Halogen Familyhave __________ valence electrons i. All are ______________________ ii. Very reactive: both with elements from _________________
i. Group 18: Nobel Gas Familyhave __________ valence electrons i. Exist as ________________: All of them are ______________ ii. __________________ with other elements because their ____________________ is full.
- __________________ in the outer shell means they are full
- Helium(He) has only _______________ in the outer shell to be full.
