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تأتي هذه الحقيبة في مجال التحكم الآلي وقد أعدت خصيصا لمتدربي تخصص أنظمة هيدروليكية ونيوماتية في الكليات التقنية بالمملكة العربية السعودية، وذلك لتعريف المتدرب بمفاهيم التحكم الآلي Automatic control الذي أصبح حاضرا في كل مكان وزمان من حياتنا اليومية
Typology: Lecture notes
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W$א Tא :r+?& א:+א &4א &1+,Pv1א$אمq&+,=א) אK)دP4 & א PID WU$א.א =א) ،אK)د :zאP4 & אو2=(%R)\א$&X=(&نR J 0!3& א5و،PID:r+?& א:א &4+א &1+,Pv1$אאمq&,+ KP4 & א0fא=KTא %0+س0fא=KTز א WVאWא.دאED ٪٩٠5%.*1א$#+) .%+نMYM)\א$&5 Rن( J++,٢ W$א TאXY$ Z5א5[א W$DאBCIא
KTEMPERATURE PROCESS CONTROL TRAINER)+* 1G KE 00&FJ+,+0% אد&ز+#KG W$א TאK# +#&,د)א ],G א*0A+=#4 אJ 0!3& אfא=KMً+د) אH)\א$&(34ننR
PID:r+?& א:א &4+א &1+,Pv1$אX=& א • P.I.DJ+v1אمq&,א3د& א • )=אK)د :P4c3v1+0 P4 & *ز Jא 0!3& +0+م% א • W א%a J ٢ W: +& א3نא %+2=(]PID Pv1$אאمq&,+P4 & א=(@.4S
0 P (^0 ) dt
P K E K K E dt K K dEP P D
t = (^) P P + P I ∫ P + + WKD:،+4& אPv1א$'b5+WKI،+,1& אPv1א$'b5+WKPWt0 WPIDPv1$א١ J١54i אK:r+?& אPv1$א'b5+
Z+ &3אز:r+?& א:א &4+א &1+,P4 & א= AدאW١ J١54D WETU،KUFX5.אbcوאX5.אYD א5$$d J ٣
א GVTT0H0& 3? א%0+س 1+(t0uTRANSMITTER ZERO K+%+,+6+1 SUMMATOR AMPLIFIER A 1 ^א =אא &3!0زא M~14Sنzא KDC VOLTMETER0& 3? א%0+س±5V INPUTو OUTPUT ±5V INPUTSUMMATOR AMPLIFIER OUTPUT5!وR J 4 DC SOURCE-10& 3+1 (Rنzא£ ، DC VOLTMETER KOUTPUT PHPQK+0.2V=D-$א 1+(t0uDC SOURCE-1 H+^ א) 5(&PH +1 (t0u(&PHو،I[r3 אDC SOURCE-2H+^ א) 5(& CrאK 35 °C1=א) אK) 3א$=0%אدcP0% א96K+3.5V=D-$א KOFF[rوU (:4DC SOURCE-2ز)
=ج~ 9bو،ERROR DETECTOR E-F+ 'א '^% +OUTPUT OUTPUT LEVEL COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESISن)+%$א 0.2V]0.^¤نzאKSOLIDSTATE RELAY CONTROL INPUT[ KPROPORTIONAL AMLIFIER INPUT+,1& אPv1$אد51 5+5(&PHPQKB[r3 אDC VOLTMETER SELECTORaQ 5+*0HنR£ ،+0.2VK=*0H34ن.t0u+,1& אPv1$א'b KA[r3 אDC VOLTMETER SELECTORaQK 10 :6نzא'4 א YMTEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER OUTPUT50!3&PH J 6 LEVEL=جو!5PQKERROR DETECTOR E-F+ 'א =جjא SOLID STATE5_COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS K%?P4 & א= AدאU .:4RELAY CONTROL DC=D-نzא 1+(KI(ON)[r3 אDC SOURCE-250Ci.ز)[r J 7 K 35 °C)=אK)د(3א]و96א،+3.5V0HVOLTMETER 3 % א=א) אK)دو,58=א) אK)دP4 & א+مv5)د &+PH W0 +& א)mאאولoא~وذ،n אe+0وא PROPORTIONAL GAINKKKKKKKK 10 KKKKKKKKKW+,1& א'א 45+W١=8& א MAXIMA אHm MINIMA دmא TIMEn א TEMP=א) אK)د TIMEn א TEMP =א) א*K)د min.s °C min.s °C
MAXIMA אHm MINIMA دmא =א) אK)د TIMEn א TEMP =א) אK)د TEMP
TIME n א
min.s °C min.s °C K٣ J١54i א10א$م+v1 אא,&8+[#0+a cG א`A+&1 אن)+H J 8 a+bذאMK 11 א$=א(5א وא!5Yوmא,&8+א5d~8A+&a+bذאM א$=YM5%&وא1Qאא &1+,'א 4=\PH0+d א,&8+א5d~8A+& +,1& א'א 4?0q&~0d +d א,&8+א5d~8A+&a+bذאM+RK 9 K 9 א$=YM5%&وא20%1
P4 & אم+v1 *0K3ذ§J++8&,אW٣ J١54D
KO(OFF)[r3 אDC SOURCE-250Ci.ز)[r J 9 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER=.G אא &3!0زא PH&+H- א$%+)ن=ج~ 9bو،ERROR DETECTOR E-F+ 'א '^% +OUTPUT [ OUTPUT LEVEL COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS 5د10.2V]0.^¤نzאK SOLIDSTATE RELAY CONTROL INPUT KPROPORTIONAL AMLIFIER INPUT+,1& אPv1$א +1EVOUTFPROPORTIONAL AMPLIFIER+,1& אPqא$_=ج'א K 8 א$=د אא 0% א &1+,'א 45+و0.2V=جjא3 &034ن. 5(&PHPQKB[r3 אDC VOLTMETER INPUT SELECTOR[r [HوG אVOUT=جjא3 &0+و(=جjא3 &034ن.t0u+,1& אPqא$'b KA[rوDC VOLTMETER SELECTORgK+#+ K 6 א$=YMو=C א=א) K)د=א) K)د.&&=v&א J 10 W Hmאn وא Hmא'א 40Hدون،~8A+&+H א^ J 11 TU=………..s، KU=……….. W0 +& אJ+دא$אمq&,+D،I،PJ+v1$אa3אQ'א J 12 KD=0.1TU=………s،TI=0.625TU=…….s، KP=0.9KU=……. W وא42א،gIאYD אKh$$d J ٤ K#+زoאJ 0!3& א+bزلRPQ،EOFF)[r3 אF#+زoאX+%(PH J 13 K٤ J١54i א10א$= Aאא 5 c:4 *ز Jא 0!3& א5PH J 14
وERROR DETECTOR OUTPUT 7^jא=i&=ج*א &3!0زא *PH P4 & א= Aدא5L96א،PROPORTIONAL AMPLIFIER+,1& אPqא$ج= K3&? DC±15V 0 &3? אد_5YMDC SOURCE- 1 H+^ א) =ج&3!50PH *H+^ א) =ج3 &00 א ?3 & 1+(v א 96KVOLTMETER INPUT KOUTPUT DC SOURCE-1 VOLTAGE 1 +36و،+3.7V 0 &3? א=D-+1 (t0uDC SOURCE-1 LEVEL5(&PH K 37 °C3א :3==א) K)د3א]( DC±5VوDC SOURCE-1 OUTPUT=.G אא &3!0زא PH KVOLTMETER INPUT 5_INTEGRAL AMPLIFIER OUTPUT+,1& אPqא$=ج.3!50R KDC VOLTMETER INPUT±5V 0 &3? א =ج0H،E )=אאK)د=D-+#10(F+نq 0Aא$=א) אK)دو(&PH J 18 Pqوא$،OUTPUT PROPORTIONAL AMPLIFIER+,1& אPq$א W0 +& אJ+א ?=אOUTPUT SUMMING AMPLIFIERA 3 [+oא INITIAL TEMPERATURE: °CKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW+نq 0Aא$=א) אK)د J PROPORTIONAL AMPLIFIERVKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW+,1& אPqא$3 &0ج= J OUTPUT: SUMMING AMPLIFIERVKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW[+oאPqא$3 &0*ج= J OUTPUT: +,1& אPqא$5ERROR DETECTOR OUTPUT50!3.R K)دو(&PHKP4 & א= Aدא]C PROPORTIONAL AMPLIFIER INPUT א &+ :ولoאA 3 [+oאPqא$3 &0و=جא &1+,Pqא$_=ج3 &0=א) ،א K )=אאK)د&%=.نRYMوR%0Hد 15 ل _و0+Q 30 5b
Pqא$_=ج3 &0* A 3 [+oא SUMMING AMPLIFIER OUTPUT VOLTAGE
Pqא$_=ج3 &0* +,1& א PROPORTIONAL AMPLIFIER OUTPUT VOLTAGE
TIME n א
Min: s °C V dc V dc 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30
FAN SPEEDدא1+K+ ,&+.:mא^7q 5 Z9 א+ J 21 KHIGH[r3 אSELECTOR KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PQ،HIGH: +[r3 אFAN SPEED SELECTOR=א د5Kא J 22 K= &54i=KZ9 א@!3PHK+نqא =א) K)د£ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK K#+زoאJ 0!3& א+b~PQ،EOFF[r3 אF#+زoאX+%(PH J 23
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