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1. INTRODUCTION
Automatic Timetable Generator is a Java based software used to generate timetable automatically. Currently timetable is managed manually. It will help to manage all the periods automatically and also will be helpful for faculty to get timetable in their phone by using application. It will also manage timetable when any teacher is absent , late coming or early going. Maximum and minimum work load for a Faculty for a day, week and month will be specified for the efficient generation of timetable. By using this software users can apply for leave by providing leave required date, reason and also with substitute faculty. When selecting a faculty as substitute it allows to view timetable of that faculty for ensure that the faculty is free at that particular period. Substitute can approve or reject request. Princiapl can also view the request send by faculty and can also view substitute response. Principal can approve / reject request. It is a comprehensive timetable management solutions for Colleges which help to overcome the challenges in mannually setting the timetable. By using this software it will be very easy for faculty to get timetable in their phones
1.1 Existing and Proposed system
Normally timetable generation done manually. As we know all institutions/organizations have its own timetable, managing and maintaining these wiil not be difficult. Considering workload with this scheduling will make it more complex. As mentioned , when Timetable generation is being done, it should consider the maximum and minimum workload that is in a college. In those cases timetable generation will become more complex. Also , it is a time consuming process. Automatic Timetable manger is a Java based software used to generate timetable automatically. Will help you to manage all the periods automatically and also will be helpful for faculty who will get timetable in their phone as a notification. It will also manage timetable when any Teacher is absent late coming or early going. Proposed system will help to generate it automatically also helps to save time. There is no need for Faculty to worry about their period details and maximum workload. By using this software users can apply for leave by providing leave required date, reason and also with substitute faculty. When selecting a faculty as substitute it allows to view timetable of that faculty for ensure that the faculty is free at that particular period. Substitute can approve or reject request. Princiapl can also view the request send by faculty and can also view substitute response. Principal can approve / reject request. It is a comprehensive timetable management solutions for Colleges which helps to overcome the challenges in current system.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY/REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Trying to develop a software which helps to generate Timetable for an Institution automatically. By looking at the existing system we can understand that timetable generation is done manually. Manually adjust the timetable when any of the faculty is absent, and this is the big challenge for Automatic Timetable Generator that managing the timetable automatically when any of the faculty is absent. As we know all institutions/organizations have its own timetable, managing and maintaining these wiil not be difficult. Considering workload with this scheduling will make it more complex. As mentioned , when Timetable generation is being done, it should consider the maximum and minimum workload that is in a college. In those cases timetable generation will become more complex. Also , it is a time consuming process.
3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
The current problem is setting up of Timetable manually. Any absent is their , then assigning that period to another Faculty is a not an easy job because at that time we should consider the Maximum workload for a Faculty (assigning extra period should not exceed the Maximum workload).
3.1 Problem Definition
Avoid the complexity of setting and managing Timetable manually. It will help you to manage all the periods automatically. Faculty can recieve their periods information in their phone. Initially we will be setting the maximum workloads for a Faculty in a day, week and month. Main challenge is to manage timetable when any Faculty is absent. By using this software it will be very easy to allocate subject for different faculty.
3.2 Fesibility Analysis
A feasibility study was an evaluation of a proposal designed to determine the difficulty in carrying out a designated task. Generally, a feasibility study precedes technical development and project implementation.
3.2.1 Economic Feasibility
To develop the proposed system, it needs no extra facilities and devices. All dependencies are satisfied from the open source projects. All tools used are free, open source and the programming language is JSP and hence its development is economically. 3 .2.2 Technical Feasibility Proposed system is technically feasible because the proposed system requires only those H/W and S/W tools that are available in the system. It requires the installation of JSP and MYSQL which can be done for free. More over
Life Cycle Models
There are various life cycle models to improve the software processes. ➔ WATERFALL MODEL ➔ PROTOTYPE MODEL ➔ ITERATIVE ENHANCEMENT MODEL ➔ EVOLUTIONARY MODEL ➔ SPIRAL MODEL
Prototype Model
- Since in this methodology a working model of the system is provided, the users get a better understanding of the system being developed.
- Errors can be detected much earlier.
- Quicker user feedback is available leading to better solutions.
- Missing functionality can be identified easily Confusing or difficult function can be identified requirments validation, Quick implementation , incomplete but functional, application. Automatic Timetable Generator is a creative and scientific system through which colleges and other institutions can easily handle timetable management.
3.4 Software and Hardware requirements
Platform forms the foundation on which the architecture, design, and implementation of a product is built. System specification defines the full functionality of the system. In many systems we work on, some functionality performed in hardware and some in software. System specification documents can thus be defined as the requirements documentation that formally specifies the system level requirements of an application. This application developed in Windows platform.
NETBEANS IDE FOR JAVA
NetBeans IDE provides first-class comprehensive support for the newest Java technologies and latest Java enhancements before other IDEs. With its constantly improving Java Editor, many rich features and an extensive range of tools, templates and samples, NetBeans IDE sets the standard for developing with cutting edge technologies out of the box.
THE JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a component of Sun Microsystems platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but has a simpler object model and fewer low level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to byte code that can run on any Java Virtual Machine(JVM) regardless of computer architecture. The Java programming language is a high level languages that can be characterized by all the following: ➢ Simple ➢ Object-Oriented ➢ Distributed ➢ Multi-threaded ➢ Dynamic ➢ Portable ➢ Architecture Neutral
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Software Specification ➢ Operating System : Windows/Linux ➢ Technology : JSP/SERVLET ➢ Web Technologies : XHtml, JavaScript, CSS ➢ Web Server : Appache Tomcat/Glassfish ➢ Design Tools :NetBeans IDE ➢ Compiler : JDK ➢ Database : MySQL ➢ Web Browser :Mozilla Firefox/Google Chrome Hardware Specification ➢ Hardware : Pentium ➢ Speed : 2 Ghz ➢ RAM : 2GB ➢ Hard Disk : 80 GB
3.5 Define the modules and their functionalities
The proposed system consists of the following modules: 3 .5.1 Subject management Module Subject management module in this project is meant for the users. In this module, subjects are allocated for users. It does the following tasks: ✔ Give subject , faculty and Semester ✔ View timetable ✔ View leave request
3 .5.2 Timetable Generation Module It is the important part of project which generate Timetable automatically. IN this module it develop module. Generation done by considering maximum and minimum workload for a Faculty (without less and without exceeding). This will be generated by admin and viewed by Principal and Faculty who's are the users of the system.
3.5.3 User management Module
Staff module can classified into two: Faculty Principal
3.5.3.1 Faculty does
Register with all information View Timetable Apply for leave with specifying Substitute faculty View Subtitute response Give subject name, semester and faculty View timetable Request for leave
3.5.3.2 Principal does
View Timetable View request for leave View substitut's response Approve or Reject request for leave
Faculty
Admin
4.1.2 Data Flow Diagrams
The DFD is also known as the bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism that can be used to represent a system in terms of the input data to the system, various processing carried out in these data and the output data generated by the system. Starting with a set of high-level functions that a system performance of DFD model in hierarchically it represents various sub functions. In a normal convention, logical DFD can be completed using only four notations:
- Represents source or destination of data
- Represents Data Flow
- Represents a process that transforms incoming data into outgoing data
- Represents Data Source Function Symbol A function is represented using a circle. This symbol is called a process or a bubble. Bubbles are annotated with the names of corresponding functions. External Entity Symbol An external entity such as a librarian, library member etc is represented by a rectangle. The external entities are essentially those physical entities external to the software system, which interact with the system by inputting data to the system or by consuming the data produced by the system. Data Flow Symbol A directed arc or an arrow is used as a Data Flow Symbol. This represents the data flow occurring between two processes or between an external entity and a process in direction of the Data Flow Arrow. Data Flow symbols are annotated with corresponding data names. Data Store Symbol A Data Store represents a logical file; it is represented using two parallel lines. A logical file can represent either Data Store Symbol, which can represent either data structure or a physical file on disk.
- Different sub functions of the high-level functions are identified.
- Data input to each of these sub functions is identified.
- Data output from each of these sub functions is identified.
- Interactions among these sub functions are identified. These aspects are then represented in a diagrammatic form using a DFD. 3. Step three is repeated recursively for each sub function until a simple algorithm can represent a sub function
Level 0
Level 1
4.2 Database design
The system is implemented in such a way that all the valid information’s are stored in the database. Database design converts the data model developed in logical designing to database definition. This is supported by database software. The management of data involves baoh the definition of structure of the storage of information and provision of mechanism for the manipulation of information. In addition database system must provide safety of information handle, despite the system crashes due to attempts of unauthorized access. A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve many users quickly and efficiently. In database design, several views of data must be considered along with the person who users them. The logical view is what the data look like, regardless of how they are stored. The physical view is the way data exist in physical storage. Tables are carefully designed aiming to achieve its main objectives ie, to make information access easy, quick, inexpensive and flexible for user. NORMALIZATION Normalization is the process of analyzing the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies and primary keys to achieve the desirable properties of Minimizing Redundancy, Minimizing the insertion, deletion and updating anomalies. Normalization is carried out for the following reasons:
- To structure the data so that perfect relationship between entries can be represented.
- To permit simple retrieval of data in response query and report requests.
- To reduce the need to restructure or reorganize data when new application requirement arises.
Normalization consists of various levels:
- First Normal Form (1NF) A table is in 1NF if there are no duplicate rows in the table. Each cell is single valued. Entries in a column are of the same kind.
- Second Normal Form (2NF) Second Normal form is based on the concept of full functional dependency. A table (relation) is in 2NF if .It is in First Normal Form and if all non-key attributes are dependent on the key. Dependent on only a part of the (composite) key, the definition of 2NF is sometimes phrased as, "A table is in 2nF if it is in 1NF and if it has no partial dependencies.”
- Third Normal Form (3NF) Third Normal Form is based on the concept of transitive dependency. A table (relation) is in 3NF if it is in Second Normal Form and if it has no transitive dependencies
