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1. Endospores are Metabolically inactive, Resistant to heat and chemi- cal destruction,Resistant to destruction by radiation, Living structures 2. Chemotaxis refers to the ability to. - Not move in response to a chemical.
- move in response to light. -transport desired molecules into cells.
- move in response to a chemical. 3. Bacterial cells could have any of the following ap- pendages except. -flagella. -fimbriae. -periplasmic -flagella (axial filaments). -sex pili. 4. The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the mitochondria. cell wall. cell membrane. inclusions. ribosomes. 5. The bacterial chromosome -contains all the cell's plasmids. -is part of the nucleoid. -forms a single linear strand of DNA. -All of the choices are correct. -is located in the cell membrane. 6. Spirochetes are able to move due to a periplasmic flagellum. pseudopods. fimbriae. All of the choices are correct. Move in response to a chemical cilia Cell membrane Part of the nu- cleoid Periplasmic flagel- lum
a membrane-bound flagellum. cilia serving as walking feet.
7. A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a(an) palisades. staphylobacillus. streptobacillus. staphylococcus. streptococcus. 8. Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others? Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Escherichia coli Staphylococcus capitis 9. The function of bacterial endospores is -to act as sites for photosynthesis. -protection of genetic material during harsh condi- tions. -to convert gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants. -reproduction and growth. -storage of excess cell materials. 10. All bacterial cells have the ability to produce endospores. one or more fimbriae. capsules. one or more chromosomes. flagella. 11. A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglyca n with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic
acid is gram positive. found in archaea. acid fast. a spheroplast. gram negative.
12. Gram-negative bacteria -None of the choices is correct. -stain purple in the Gram stain. -are less susceptible to antibiotics that target pepti- doglycan than gram-positive organisms. - encompass all pathogens. are more susceptible to antibiotics that target pepti- doglycan than gram-positive organisms. 13. Which order below reflects the correct procedure for Gram staining? ~ alcohol/acetone-safranin-crystal violet-iodine ~ crystal violet-alcohol/acetone-iodine-safranin ~ iodine-safranin-crystal violet-alcohol/acetone ~ alcohol/acetone-crystal violet-safranin-iodine ~ crystal violet-iodine-alcohol/acetone-safranin 14. The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differ- ences in the cell's membrane. ribosomes. wall. inclusions. flagella. 15. The cell can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane, are less sus- ceptible to an- tibiotics that tar- get peptidoglycan than gram- positive organisms. crystal violet-iodine- alco- hol/ace- tone-safranin wall envelope
slime coat envelope None of the choices is correct. pathogenic package glycocalyx
16. Cells form a arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side. tetrad strep sarcina palisade staph 17. Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial cell membranes. capsules. slime layers. inclusions. cell walls. 18. A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell enve- lope by its outer membrane. basal body. filament. sheath. hook. 19. A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is Streptococcus. Mycobacterium. Corynebacterium. Palisade (type of bacilli) Cell walls Basal body Mycobacterium
Acid-fast Gram-negative bacteria
cases b. can stimulate fever in the human body c. is a specific cell wall lipid d. can cause septic shock in the human body e. is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
25. The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid tubular appendages called fimbriae. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). flagella. cilia. sex pili. 26. Protists include ~ribosomes - protein synthesis ~plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabo- lism ~cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution ~nucleoid - hereditary material ~inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materia 27. Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi? chloroplast mitochondria lysosome Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum 28. Cell walls are not usually found in All of the choices are correct. algae. fungi. protozoa. bacteria. e. is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls sex pili algae and proto- zoa. chloroplast protozoa.
cytoplasm, endo- plasmic reticulum helminths Golgi apparatus. contain micro- tubules. All of the choices are correct.
mitochondria lysosomes nucleus endoplasmic reticulum All of the choices are correct. 34 . All of the following are helminths except a. roundworms. b. tapeworms. c. flukes. d. pinworms. e. trypanosomes. e. trypanosomes 35 . All of the following are helminths except flatworms. All of the choices are helminths. roundworms. All of the choices are helminths. flukes. tapeworms. 36 . The long threadlike branching cells of molds are called hyphae pseudohyphae. ascus. hyphae. conidiophores. septate. 37 . Fungal infections are known as and can be acquired from environmental or clinical sources. mycoses vegetative infections mycoses parasitoses saprobic infections secondary infections 38 definitive host
Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host? definitive host transport host primary host secondary host Mating takes place in all hosts.
39. Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called dimorphic. saprobes. parasites. nonseptate. substrates. 40. Parasitic worms have a highly developed sys- tem muscular reproductive nervous respiratory digestive 41. Protists with contractile vacuoles - are algae. - typically live in salty seawater. - use them to expel excess water from the cell. - All of the choices are correct. - use them for motility. 42. The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the apicomplexa. None of the choices is correct. saprobes reproductive use them to expel excess water from the cell. sarcodina
sarcodina. mastigophora. ciliophora.
43. The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the mastigophora. apicomplexa/sporozoa. None of the choices is correct. ciliophora. amoeba/sarcodina. 44. The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from bacteria. prokaryotes. archea. None of the choices is correct. the last common ancestor. 45. After returning from a trip to Africa Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease? Trichophyton Histoplasma capsulatum HIV Plasmodium falciparum Nagleria fowleri 46. A(n) originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion perixosome r i b o s o m e
lysosome inclusion magnetosome
47. Histones are -enzymes found in lysosomes. -on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum. -found in polyribosomes. -proteins of the cytoskeleton. -proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. 48. Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of fungi. bacteria. protozoa. All of the choices are correct. algae. 49. Amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery) is most commonly contracted through the -None of the choices is correct. -fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water. -insect bites. -puncture wounds. -direct transmission from one host to another. 50. Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? -parasitic worms -often alternate hosts in complex life cycles -eggs and sperm used for reproduction -in kingdom Protista -have various organ systems 51. There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia. proteins associat- ed with DNA in the nucleus fungi fecal-oral route from contaminat- ed food or water in kingdom Pro- tista
microtubules
b. plasmids - genes essential for growth and me- tabolism gram-negative are often the site of pathogenic genes. amphitrichous. a. thermoplasmas
- adapted to frozen environments
c. psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures d. extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats e. methanogens - convert CO2 and H2 gases into methane
57. Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called periplasmic flagella (axial filaments). sex pili. cilia. flagella. fimbriae. 58. A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sam- ple of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be a. Staphylococcus aureus. b. Streptococcus pneumoniae. c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. d. Borrelia burghdorferi. e. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. periplasmic flagel- la (axial filaments) e. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects endospore calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure? cell wall endospore capsule nucleoid slime layer 60. If you looked at a under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells. palisade
