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Bacterial Cell Structure and Function, Exams of Nursing

Chamberlain College of NursingNursing

A comprehensive overview of the key concepts and details related to bacterial cell structure and function. It covers topics such as the different types of flagella, fimbriae, pili, glycocalyx, cell envelope, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome, plasmids, ribosomes, and various bacterial shapes and arrangements. The document also discusses the characteristics of prokaryotic cells, the differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the functions of various cellular components. This information would be highly valuable for students studying microbiology, biology, or related fields, as it provides a solid foundation for understanding the fundamental aspects of bacterial cell biology.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 10/10/2024

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BIO 1070 TEST 1 (CH 4 AND 5) EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2024/2025 ALL
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT CONFIRMED BEST GRADED
A+ FOR SUCCESS
what does the flagella do - CORRECT ANSWERS functions in motility of cell through
enviroment and rotates 360*
monotrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS single flagellum at one end
lophotrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS small bunches emerging from the same site
amphitrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS flagella at both ends of cell
peritrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS flagella dispersed over surface of cell
when flagella goes counterclockwise, what does it result in and called - CORRECT ANSWERS
run; smooth linear direction
when flagella goes clockwise, what direction does it flow - CORRECT ANSWERS tumbles
what are the 2 types of flagellar responses - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. no attractant or
repellent
2. gradient of attractant concentration
fimbriae - CORRECT ANSWERS fine, proteinaceous hairlike bristles emerging from the cell
surface
pili - what is it and where is it found - CORRECT ANSWERS flexible tubular structure made of
pilin protein; found only in gram-negative cells
glycocalyx - what is it and what are the 2 types - CORRECT ANSWERS coating of molecules
external to the cell wall, made of sugars and/or proteins
2 types:
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8

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ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2024/2025 ALL

ANSWERS 100% CORRECT CONFIRMED BEST GRADED

A+ FOR SUCCESS

what does the flagella do - CORRECT ANSWERS functions in motility of cell through enviroment and rotates 360* monotrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS single flagellum at one end lophotrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS small bunches emerging from the same site amphitrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS flagella at both ends of cell peritrichous flagellar - CORRECT ANSWERS flagella dispersed over surface of cell when flagella goes counterclockwise, what does it result in and called - CORRECT ANSWERS run; smooth linear direction when flagella goes clockwise, what direction does it flow - CORRECT ANSWERS tumbles what are the 2 types of flagellar responses - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. no attractant or repellent

  1. gradient of attractant concentration fimbriae - CORRECT ANSWERS fine, proteinaceous hairlike bristles emerging from the cell surface pili - what is it and where is it found - CORRECT ANSWERS flexible tubular structure made of pilin protein; found only in gram-negative cells glycocalyx - what is it and what are the 2 types - CORRECT ANSWERS coating of molecules external to the cell wall, made of sugars and/or proteins 2 types:

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  1. slime layer- loosely organized and attached
  2. capsule- highly organized, tightly attached what are the 3 functions of the glycocalyx - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. protect cells from dehydration and nutrient loss
  3. inhibit killing by WBCs by phagocytosis, contributing to pathogenicity (the ability of an organism to cause disease)
  4. attachment- formation of biofilms the cell envelope - what is it and what are the 2 basic layers - CORRECT ANSWERS external covering outside the cytoplasm; 2 layers: cell wall and cell membrane gram-positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS thick cell wall composed primarily of peptidoglycan and cell membrane gram-negative bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS outer cell membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, and cell membrane peptidoglycan - CORRECT ANSWERS unique macromolecule composed of a repeating framework of long glycan chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments what are the 2 basic cell types - CORRECT ANSWERS eukaryotic and prokaryotic characteristics of prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWERS no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles what are 2 examples of prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWERS bacteria and archaea s layer function - CORRECT ANSWERS used for protection and/or attachment

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bacterial chromosome or nucleoid function - CORRECT ANSWERS composed of condensed DNA molecules ribosomes function - CORRECT ANSWERS protein synthesis cytoplasm function - CORRECT ANSWERS holds organelles how thick is the peptidoglycan in gram positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS 20 to 80nm what 2 types of acid are included in gram positive bacteria - CORRECT ANSWERS teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid function to - CORRECT ANSWERS cell wall maintenance and enlargement during cell division; stimulate a specific immune response periplasmic space - CORRECT ANSWERS space between the cell membrane and cell wall between the inner/outer membranes and periplasmic space of gram negative bacteria is what - CORRECT ANSWERS a thin peptidoglycan layer the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria contains what - CORRECT ANSWERS lipopolysaccharides (LPS) the lipid portion (Lipid A) (aka endotoxin) may become - CORRECT ANSWERS toxic when released during infections and may function as receptors and blocking immune response

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LPS contains - CORRECT ANSWERS porin proteins in upper layer to help regulate molecules entering and leaving the cell gram stain - CORRECT ANSWERS differential stain that distinguishes cells with a gram- positive cell wall from those with a gram negative cell wall Some bacterial groups lack a typical cell wall. These include - CORRECT ANSWERS mycobacterium and nocardia cell membrane - what 3 functions - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. providing site for energy reactions, nutrient processing, and synthesis

  1. passage of nutrients into cell and discharge of wastes
  2. cell membrane is selectively permeable cell cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, and salts (70-80% water) ; serves as solvent for materials used in all cell function chromosome - CORRECT ANSWERS single, circular, double stranded DNA molecule that contains all the genetic information required by a cell plasmids - CORRECT ANSWERS free small circular, double-stranded DNA what is the S value for ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWERS 70S inclusions and granules - CORRECT ANSWERS intracellular storage bodies; vary in size, number, and content; bacterial cells can use them when environmental sources are depleted cytoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWERS many bacteria possess an internal network of protein polymers that is closely associated with the cell wall

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chains - CORRECT ANSWERS streptococci cubical packets - CORRECT ANSWERS sarcina diplobacilli - CORRECT ANSWERS a pair chains - CORRECT ANSWERS streptobacilli domain archaea - CORRECT ANSWERS primitive, adapted to extreme habitats and modes of nutrition species - CORRECT ANSWERS a collection of bacterial cells which share an overall similar pattern of traits in contrast to other bacteria whose pattern differs significantly strain or variety - CORRECT ANSWERS a culture derived from a singe parent type - CORRECT ANSWERS a subspecies that can show differences in antigenic makeup (serotype or serovar), susceptibility to bacterial viruses (phage type) and in pathogenicity (pathotype) family staphylococcaceae - CORRECT ANSWERS staphylococcus (members cause boils, skin infections) family streptococcaeae - CORRECT ANSWERS streptococcus (species cause strep throat, dental caries) family bacillaeceae - CORRECT ANSWERS bacillus (anthrax) , clostridium (tetanus. gas gangrene, botulism), clostrioides ( C-diff disease)

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family lactobacillaceae - CORRECT ANSWERS lactobacillus, literia (food infection), erysipelothrix (erysipeloid) family streptomycetaceae - CORRECT ANSWERS streptomyces family neisseraceae - CORRECT ANSWERS neisseria (gonorrhea, meningitis) family helicobacteraceae - CORRECT ANSWERS helicobacter (ulcers) family spirochaetaceae - CORRECT ANSWERS treponema (syphilis) family rickettsiaceae - CORRECT ANSWERS rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever) family mycoplasmataceae - CORRECT ANSWERS mycoplasma (pneumonia), ureaplsma (urinary infection) archaea - CORRECT ANSWERS live in the most extreme habitatas in nature, extremophiles; adapted to extreme temp, salt, pH, and pressure