Understanding Cell Structure: Nucleus, Organelles, and Cell Types, Slides of Biotechnology

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Basic Cell Structure

Cells

• Basic building blocks of life
• Understanding of cell morphology is critical to the study of biotechnology

Cell

• Many cannot be seen with the naked eye
• A cell may be an entire organism or it may be one of billions of cells that make up the organism

Cells

• Divided and classified in many ways
• One common classification method is the presence or absence of a cell nucleus

Nucleus

• Prokaryotes – have no nucleus
• Eukaryotes – have a nucleus

Prokaryotes

• Single celled organism
• Kingdom Monera
• Lacks a cell nucleus
• Internal structure is less organized than other cells

Blue green bacteria

• Have ability to produce their own food like plants
• Most bacteria get their food from other sources

Prokaryotes

• Less complex than eukaryotes
• Still have many of the basic internal characteristics

Eukaryotes

• Organism made up of cells that have a nucleus
• May be single celled – Kingdom Protista
• May have billions of cells like plant and animal kingdoms

Eukaryotes

• Single celled eukaryotes include paramecia, euglena, and diatoms

Eukaryotes

• Human body has at least 85 different cell types
• All eukaryotes have a number of structures in common

Common structures

• Organelles – smaller parts of the cell with specific functions
• Cell membrane – acts as a gatekeeper

Cell wall

• Provides additional structure and protects the cell from pressure caused by movement of water
• Animal cells do not have walls

Cytoplasm

• Organelles are surrounded by a jelly-like substance
• Primary component is water