Understanding Kantian Theory and Utilitarianism: A Moral Comparison, Slides of Ethics

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DEONTOLOGY

CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 6

UNIT IV UNIT IV

11 .. Understand and appreciate Kantian theoryUnderstand and appreciate Kantian theory

22 .. Analyze ethical situations using the theory Analyze ethical situations using the theory

33 .. Differentiate a legal from a moral right Differentiate a legal from a moral right

44 .. Apply the theory to moral decisions Apply the theory to moral decisions

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes

BackgroundBackground Fourth among 9 children. Raised in a Protestant environment. "Critique of Pure Reason," one of his most important books, published in 1781. Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics, a summarized-much-easier-to-understand version published in 1783. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804, Germany)

The moral agent should not be blamed for bad consequence for as long as the act is done with good intention as guided by good will. Deontological theory asserts that it is possible for an action to be considered as morally good even if it results in bad consequences as it it the WILL that determines if the action is good or bad.

GoodwillGoodwill In recognizing the will, our moral actions will now be based on what we try to achieve and not what we have actually achieved. Our goodness is the result of our efforts and not on the result of that effort. It should be noted also that a person's actions should be based not just on the will but on the GOOD WILL.

Robin Hood's Case

Legal RightLegal Right Moral Right Moral Right

2 DIFFERENT KINDS OF RIGHTS

(WHAT IS LEGAL IS NOT ALWAYS MORAL

A right created under the law, can be based in the constitution/ statute. Also loosely termed as codified moral rights. Rights that arise from being part of a social community. Brought out from the basic respect and value one gives to another person.

Informed Consent: Right of the DyingInformed Consent: Right of the Dying and of the family and of the family

UTILITARIANISM

CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 7

UNIT IV UNIT IV

War on Drugs

Theory's Origin andTheory's Origin and Nature Nature If one agrees or even applauds of Robin's acts, then they may be a Utilitarian. A utilitarian believes that an action is morally right if it maximizes overall well- being and happiness, as the moral standard is based on the consequences of the action.

One should also think of other's pleasure and not just

one's own, which is also called Social Hedonism.

A moral decision will be based on the result of the act.

Moral Maxim - The greatest happiness principle: "The

greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number.

1. Intensity (How strong is the pleasure?) 7 Variables to be Considered: 7 Variables to be Considered:
2. Duration (How long does it last?)
3. Certainty (How is one assured of it?)
4. Proximity (How soon will it be experienced?)