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Information Systems Analysis and Design
The complex organizational process whereby computer- based information systems are developed and maintained TERM 2
Application software
DEFINITION 2 Computer software designed to support organizational functions or processes TERM 3
Systems Analyst
DEFINITION 3 The organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems TERM 4
3 types of information systems
DEFINITION 4
- Transaction Processing systems 2. management information systems 3. Decision support systems(for individuals, groups, and executives) TERM 5
Transaction Processing Systems
DEFINITION 5 Automates the handling of data about business activities or transactions.
Management Information Systems
takes the relatively raw data available through a Transaction Processing System and converts it into a meaningful form that managers can use.(usually in the form of a graph, chart, or report) A management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. (wiki) TERM 7
Decision Support System
DEFINITION 7 used to help organizations make sound decisions. TERM 8
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
DEFINITION 8 The traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replace information systems TERM 9
5 parts of the development life cycle
DEFINITION 9
- Planning 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Implementation 5.Maintenance TERM 10
Planning
DEFINITION 10 First phase of SDLC where an information system needs are identified, analyzed, prioritized, and arranged
Maintenance
The final phase of the SDLC in which an information system is systematically repaired and improved. TERM 17
Prototyping
DEFINITION 17 An iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised through close collaboration between an analyst and user TERM 18
Computer-aided software engineering(CASE)
tools:
DEFINITION 18 Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process TERM 19
Joint Application Design(JAD)
DEFINITION 19 A structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirements TERM 20
Rapid Application Development(RAD)
DEFINITION 20 Systems development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems. Relies on extensive user involvement, JAD sessions, prototyping, integrated CASE tools, and code generators.
Object-oriented analysis and design(OOAD)
Systems development methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than data or processes TERM 22
Object
DEFINITION 22 A structure the encapsulates( or packages) attributes and methods that operate on those attributes. TERM 23
Inheritance
DEFINITION 23 The property that occurs when entity types or objectclasses are arranged in a hierarchy and each entity type or object class assumes the attributes and methods of its ancestors TERM 24
Object class
DEFINITION 24 A logical grouping of objects that have the same or similar attributes and behaviors(methods) TERM 25
Rational Unified Process(RUP)
DEFINITION 25 An object-oriented systems development methodology that uses four phases of development: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition
request for
proposal(RFP)
A document provided to vendors that asks them to propose hardware and system software that will meet the requirements of a new system TERM 32
Project Manager
DEFINITION 32 A systems analyst with a diverse set of skills who is responsible for initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project: Skills: management, leadership, technical, conflict management, and customer relationships TERM 33
Project
DEFINITION 33 A planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a beginning and an end TERM 34
Deliverable
DEFINITION 34 An end product of an SDLC phase TERM 35
Feasibility Study
DEFINITION 35 A study that determines if the proposed information system makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational standpoint.
Project management
A controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project TERM 37
Project initiation
DEFINITION 37 The first phase of the project management process in which activities are performed to asses the size, scope, and complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support later project activities TERM 38
Project workbook
DEFINITION 38 An online or hard-copy repository for all projects correspondence, inputs, outputs, deliverables, procedures, and standards that is used for performing project audits, orienting new team members, communicating with management and customers, identifying future projects, and performing post-project reviews. TERM 39
Project charter
DEFINITION 39 a short, high level document prepared for both internal and external stakeholders to formally announce the establishment of the project and to briefly describe its objectives, key assumptions, and staeholders TERM 40
Project planning
DEFINITION 40 The second phase of the project management process that focuses on defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity within a single project
Project closedown
The final phase of a project management process that focuses on bringing a project to an end TERM 47
3 steps to project closedown
DEFINITION 47
- Closing down the project 2. Conducting postproject reviews 3. closing the customer contract TERM 48
Resources
DEFINITION 48 Any person, group of people, piece of equipment, or material used in accomplishing an activity TERM 49
Critical Path scheduling
DEFINITION 49 a scheduling technique whose order and duration of sequence of task activities directly affect the completion date of a project. TERM 50
Program Evaluation Review Technique(PERT)
DEFINITION 50 A technique that uses optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic time estimates to calculate the expected time for a particular task
Slack time
The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project TERM 52
Value chain analysis
DEFINITION 52 Analyzing an organization's activities to determine where value is added to products and/or services and the costs incurred for doing so. can also include a comparison with the activities, added value, and costs of other organizations for the purpose of making improvements in the organizations operations and performance. TERM 53
Corporate strategic
planning
DEFINITION 53 An ongoing process that defines the mission, objectives, and strategies of an organization TERM 54
Mission statement
DEFINITION 54 A statement that makes it clear what business a company is in TERM 55
Objective statements
DEFINITION 55 A series of statements that express an organization's qualitative and quantitative goals for reaching a desired future position.
Electronic commerce(EC)
Internet-based communication to support day-to-day business activities TERM 62
internet
DEFINITION 62 A large, worlwide network of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other TERM 63
Intranet
DEFINITION 63 Internet-based network of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other TERM 64
Extranet
DEFINITION 64 Internet-based communication to support business-to- business activities TERM 65
electronic data interchange(EDI)
DEFINITION 65 The use of telecommunications technologies to directly transfer business documents between organizations
Business Case
The justification for an information system, presented in terms of the tangible and intangible economic benefits and costs and the technical and organizational feasibility of the proposed system TERM 67
Baseline Project Plan(BPP)
DEFINITION 67 A major outcome and deliverable from the project initiation and planning phase that contains the best estimate of a project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements TERM 68
Project Scope Statement
(PSS)
DEFINITION 68 A document prepared for the customer that describes what the project will deliver and outlines generally at a high level all work required to complete the project TERM 69
economic feasibility
DEFINITION 69 A process of identifying the financial benefits and costs associated with a development project TERM 70
Tangible benefit
DEFINITION 70 A benefit derived from the creation of an information system that can be measured in dollars and with certainty
Discount
rate
The rate of return used to compute the present value of future cash flows TERM 77
Present Value
DEFINITION 77 The current value of a future cash flow TERM 78
Break-even analysis
DEFINITION 78 A type of cost-benefit analysis to identify at what point( if ever) benefits equal cost TERM 79
Net Present Value(NPV)
DEFINITION 79 uses a discount rate determined from the company's cost of capital to establish the present value of a project.. The discount rate is used to determine the present value of both cash receipts and outlays TERM 80
Return on
Investment(ROI)
DEFINITION 80 the ratio of the net cash receipts of the project divided by the cash outlays of the project. Trade-off analysis can be made among projects competing for investment by comparing their representative ROI ratios.
Break-Even Analysis(BEA)
BEA finds the amount of time required for the cumulative cash flow from a project to equal its initial and ongoing investment TERM 82
Technical feasibility
DEFINITION 82 A process of assessing the development organization's ability to construct a proposed system TERM 83
Operational Feasibility
DEFINITION 83 The process of assessing the degree to which a proposed system solves business problems or takes advantage or business opportunities TERM 84
Schedule Feasibility
DEFINITION 84 The process of assessing the degree to which the potential time frame and the completion dates for all major activities within a project meet organizational deadlines and constraints for affecting change TERM 85
Legal and contractual feasibility
DEFINITION 85 The process of assessing potential legal and contractual ramifications due to the construction of a system
Informal System
The way a system actually works TERM 92
JAD session leader
DEFINITION 92 The trained individual who plans and leads Joint Application Design sessions TERM 93
Business process reengineering (BPR)
DEFINITION 93 The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services TERM 94
Key Business
Processes
DEFINITION 94 The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market TERM 95
disruptive
Technologies
DEFINITION 95 Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes
Data Flow Diagram
A picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system TERM 97
context diagram
DEFINITION 97 an overview of an organizational system that shows the system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and the major information flows between the entities and the system TERM 98
Level-0 diagram
DEFINITION 98 A data flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail TERM 99
Functional Decomposition
DEFINITION 99 An iterative process of breaking the description of a system down into finer and finer detail, which creates a set of charts in which one process on a given chart is explained in greater detail on another chart TERM 100
Level-n diagram
DEFINITION 100 A DFD that is the result of n nested decompositions from a process on a level-0 diagram
