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CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering – Stage 2
(CCIVL_7_Y2)
Autumn 2008
Construction and Measurement
(Time: 3 hours)
Examiners: Mr. D. Cadogan Mr. T. Buckley Mr. J. O’Byrne Mr. G. Doyle Mr. M. Ryan Mr. J. Lapthorne Mr. J. Kindregan
Instructions:
Answer TWO questions from Section A.
Answer ONE question from Section B.
Answer ONE question from Section C.
Use separate answer books for Section A, Section B & Section C.
Section A
Q1. (a) Describe the basic preliminary works to be carried out prior to trench excavations, to include considerations for existing services and structures and traffic management. (5 marks)
(b) Describe the process of “perimeter trenching” and illustrate using sketches. (4 marks)
(c) Explain the mechanism of a diesel impact hammer, used in driving steel sheet piles. Outline the difference between contiguous and secant piling. (4 marks)
(d) In regard to tower cranes, describe each type available and the individual assembly procedures and advantages of each. (6 marks)
(e) Outline the main types of plant utilised involved in the mixing and compaction stages of concrete. Explain three advantages and three disadvantages of ready-mix concrete, in comparison to on-site mixing. (4 marks)
(f) Explain what “boiling” or “piping” means in regard to excavations. (2 marks)
Q2. (a) Give five advantages of steel sheet piles over other types in cofferdam construction.
(3 marks)
(b) In regard to the various forms of strip foundation under a domestic dwelling, describe the application and construction of each – use sketches where necessary. (4 marks)
(c) Describe four support mechanisms to prop up trench walls, using sketches to illustrate. (6 marks)
(d) Outline briefly the stages involved in the construction of diaphragm walling when using the cast in-situ system. Include some construction problems encountered. (4 marks)
(e) Describe the use and structure of a bulldozer. Outline what operations are relevant to earthworks in regard to what constitutes “haul times”. (3 marks)
(f) Describe why “total structural load” and “nature of subsoil” are the two main factors in foundation selection and design. Briefly outline the process used in the traditional underpinning method to strengthen existing foundations, with the assistance of sketches. (5 marks)
Q3. (a) Sketch the typical cross-section of a flexible pavement, to include notes about each layer to outline its role in the structure. (4 marks)
(b) Describe briefly the construction method for the short-bore piles form of foundation under a domestic dwelling, and the preferred locations for the piles, explaining the necessity for these at each position. (4 marks)
(c) Describe the construction process involved in carrying out a tremie concrete pour, as well as the basic precautions required. (4 marks)
(d) Describe the difference between displacement and replacement piles, summarising the various types of each and their basic installation processes. (6 marks)
(e) Outline the application and construction of a raft foundation under a domestic dwelling – use sketches where necessary. (2 marks)
(f) Describe the three factors for consideration in the choice of roof in respect of lighting requirements, in regard to industrial roofing systems. Discuss northlight and monitor roofs. (5 marks)
Q7. (a) Build up a unit rate for the following work item, include for 10% profit and 5% overheads. All assumptions made must be stated clearly. E323 Excavation for foundations in material other than topsoil, rock or artificially hard material (8 marks) E532 Disposal of excavated material other than topsoil, rock or artificially hard material (8 marks)
Basic Prices Costs Output Rate Excavator € 50 / hr 11 m^3 per hour Excavator Driver € 26 / hr - Labourer € 22 / hr 1m^3 in 2.5 hours Banksman € 22 / hr - 10 tonne lorry & driver € 60 / hr By calculation Tipping charges € 30 per load -
Additional information
- The site layout allows for mechanical digging to continue while hand digging is being carried out
- A banksman must work with the excavator at all times
- It is estimated that 10% of the work will have to be done by hand
- Bulk density of soil = 1600 kg/m^3 and bulking factor = 25%
- Travel time to and from tip including unloading = 26 minutes
(b) Explain the importance for both the client and the contractor of using a standardised method of measurement and bills of quantities such as CESMM (your answer should make reference to the tendering stage and the construction stage). (9 marks)
