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Basketball Game and Officials, Lecture notes of Physical Education and Motor Learning

University of Southern Mindanao (USM)Physical Education and Motor Learning

An overview of the basketball game, including the basic rules, positions, and fundamental skills. It also delves into the duties and responsibilities of basketball officials, such as the lead, center, and trail officials, and their specific roles in making calls, managing the game flow, and enforcing the rules. Topics like foul rotation, the 24-second shot clock, and the alternating possession procedure. It offers insights into the mechanics and communication strategies employed by officials to ensure the smooth and fair conduct of the game. This comprehensive information would be valuable for students interested in understanding the intricacies of basketball officiating and the game's regulations.

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 03/15/2023

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TEAM SPORTS: BASKETBALL 2023-
2024
2ND SEM/LECTURE PRE-
MEDICINE
BY: LEMERA CAMPANO
ļ¶Basketball was invented by Dr. James
Naismith a Canadian physical education
instructor in 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts.
ļ¶He wanted to create a game that his physical
education classes could play inside the long
winters .
ļ¶The first game used peach baskets nailed to
the wall of rims. The first ball used was a
soccer ball.
ļ¶1893, he replaced the peach basket with iron
hoops and hammock-style basket .
THE GAME
Basketball Game
Basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players each
Basket: Opponents/ own
Attacked by a team is the opponents basket and the
basket which is defended by teamā€™s own basket
Winner of a Game
- Team that has scored the greater number of
points at the end of playing time shall be the
winner
Playing Court
The playing court should be flat, hard surface free
from obstructions with dimension of 28m in length
by 15m in width from the inner edge of the
boundary line.
Lines
All lines shall drawn in white color, 5 cm in width
and clearly visible.
Equipment
Basketball
Game Clock
Scoreboard
Twenty-four second clock
Scoresheet
Player foul marker
Team foul marker
Alternating position arrow
Team
Each team shall consists of
No more than 12 team members entitled to play,
including captain.
5 players from each team shall be on the playing
court during playing time and may be substituted
THE COURT
OUTLINE
ļ¬Basketball History
ļ¬Module 2 : Basketball Officials and
Their Duties
Basketball History
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2 ND^ SEM/LECTURE PRE-

MEDICINE

BY: LEMERA CAMPANO

ļ¶ Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith a Canadian physical education instructor in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts. ļ¶ He wanted to create a game that his physical education classes could play inside the long winters. ļ¶ The first game used peach baskets nailed to the wall of rims. The first ball used was a soccer ball. ļ¶ 1893 , he replaced the peach basket with iron hoops and hammock-style basket.

THE GAME

Basketball Game Basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players each Basket: Opponents/ own Attacked by a team is the opponents basket and the basket which is defended by teamā€™s own basket Winner of a Game

  • Team that has scored the greater number of points at the end of playing time shall be the winner Playing Court The playing court should be flat, hard surface free from obstructions with dimension of 28m in length by 15m in width from the inner edge of the boundary line. Lines All lines shall drawn in white color, 5 cm in width and clearly visible. Equipment Basketball Game Clock Scoreboard Twenty-four second clock Scoresheet Player foul marker Team foul marker Alternating position arrow Team Each team shall consists of No more than 12 team members entitled to play, including captain. 5 players from each team shall be on the playing court during playing time and may be substituted THE COURT

OUTLINE

ļ¬ Basketball History ļ¬ Module 2 : Basketball Officials and Their Duties Basketball History

2 ND^ SEM/LECTURE PRE-

MEDICINE

BY: LEMERA CAMPANO

TERMS

Air ball- a shot that completely misses the rim and the backboard Jump Ball ā€“ is used to start the game Assist- a pass to a teammate who then scores a field goal. Defense- team trying to stop the other team from scoring Dunk- to throw the ball down into the basket with the hand above the level of the rim Fast break- dribbling or passing the ball towards your basket before the defense can set up Man-to-man- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an assigned player Offense- team trying to score Turn over- any loss of the ball without a shot being taken Zone defense- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead of a player (2-1-2, 2-3) Team Each team shall consists of

  • No more then 12 team members entitled to play, including a captain
    • 5 Players from each team shall be on the playing court during playing time and may be substituted. Positions There are 5 positions in the game of basketball: 1. Point guard The point guard is the team leader and player caller on the basketball court. 2. Shooting guard The Shooting guard in the basketball has the main responsibility of making long outside shots including the three point shots. 3. Small forward Along the shooting guard, the Small forward is often the most versatile player on the basketball team. They should help with ball handling, make an outside shot, and get rebounds. 4. Power forward The power forward on a basketball team is usually responsible for rebounding and some scoring in the paint. A power forward should be big and strong and able to clear outsome space under the basket. 5. Center The center is usually the biggest or tallest member of the basketball team. The center can be a big scorer, but also needs to be a strong rebounder and shot blocker. Defensive Position There are two main types of defensive basketball strategies; zone and man-to-man. ļ¶ In man-to-man defense each player is responsible to cover one player on the other team. They follow this player wherever they go on the court. ļ¶ In zone defense , players guard certain area of the court. The guard usually play at the top of the key with the forwards playing closer to the basket and in opposite sides. Fouls

2 ND^ SEM/LECTURE PRE-

MEDICINE

BY: LEMERA CAMPANO

comes in late, this results in a block.

  • This situation is considered to be the toughest call to make in sports due to the speed of the game; not to mention, as stated earlier, the lead official has a lot to watch for in their area The Center Official sideline furthest away from the lead official.
  • He is positioned roughly about the distance that the free throw line is from the baseline; this is commonly referred to as ā€œfoul-line extendedā€. This position has to watch the weak side or nonball side of the court, including that side of the lane which gives them the widest area to cover (refer to the blue shaded area in the previous diagram).
  • The center is expected to call a lot of off ball fouls, such as illegal screens or contact that is far away from the ball.
  • They also have to call out of bounds along that sideline.
  • Sometimes, there may be a cross court pass into the centerā€™s area which results in a shot attempt. That attempt may end up being near the basket, which is still their call because the lead may not have the best view.
  • Many times in this scenario, basketball fans wonder how they can make that call since they are not under the basket; however, from the mechanics of this system, it is their call to make. The official will make that call from the sideline position and may also be further away from the play than the lead official.
  • Since the offensive player came from the center officialā€™s side of the court, it is still their call because the lead officialā€™s view may be obstructed by other players.
    • Another call the center must make comes when perimeter players go into the lane for rebounds and contact is made from behind.
    • The lead sometimes would not be able to see this contact coming from the weak side so the center must help The Trial Official
    • The trail official is on the same side of the court as the lead official, but they try to always be closer than the players to the opposing basket.
    • They have to cover the white area in the image above.
    • This way, the officials have all of the play enclosed between them so they can make the call.
    • The trail officialā€™s responsibilities include any fouls that occur around the perimeter, determining if the shot attempt is a three- or two- point attempt, out of bounds along the sideline, and back court violations.
    • On shot attempts, even if they are in the lane, this official watches the ball to determine if goaltending or basket interference occurs during when the ball is in the air.
    • On many occasions the lead will ask the trail if the ball went in the basket on shooting fouls called by the lead.
    • The lead was watching the players but the trail is watching the ball, therefore they must inform the other officials if the basket counts or not. Movement and Rotation
    • Since basketball is played on a 94 foot long by 50 foot wide court, the 3-Person

2 ND^ SEM/LECTURE PRE-

MEDICINE

BY: LEMERA CAMPANO

Officiatingā€¢ System involves different movements and rotations to keep officials in the proper position to make the correct call.

  • The most common movements performed by officials are the transition during a change of possession and changing positions when the ball moves from the strong side to the weak side.
  • For communication purposes, especially during collegiate or professional games, officials rotate when fouls have been called.
  • As shown in the above figure, when possession switches from one half of the court to the other, the officials also move to the other side.
  • The trail official from the previous side becomes the new lead official since they will be the first down the court.
  • They move along the sideline and gradually move towards where the baseline and nearest side of the lane intersect.
  • The lead official from the previous side becomes the new trail and follows the ball carrier up the court, moving from the post under the previous basket to coming up the sideline.
  • The center official transitions along the sideline from foul line extended to foul line extended.
  • When a turnover occurs and there is a fast break, the movement patterns of the officials still give them two officials near the play under the other basket to watch for a foul.
  • During typical half court possessions, the offensive team will pass the ball from one side of the court to the other.
  • The side of the court that has the trail and lead official is referred to as the strong side since two officials are on that side.
  • As the ball moves from the strong side to the weak side, so do the officials as long as a shot attempt is not taken.
  • The lead official will move along the baseline to the other side while the center slowly moves closer to half court becoming the new trail official.
    • As the center is moving towards half court, the previous trail
    • moves up to foul line extended, becoming the new center official completing the switch.
    • The three officials keep strong side of the system with the ball while the center and trail switch roles and responsibilities all while still watching for fouls and violations. Foul Rotation For example, letā€™s say that the lead official calls a shooting foul under the basket which results in two shots for the offensive player. The lead official proceeds to run towards the scorerā€™s table to notify them about the player responsible for the foul. Instead of having to run back from half court under the basket, the center and trail rotate to lead and center. This rotation eliminates confusing situations, such as who the foul was on. Also, it allows the other officials to get the players ready for the free throw attempts, while the official that made the call is notifying the table. Another benefit from this rotation is that the same official is not always under the same basket for the majority of the game. Duties of Shot Clock Operator The shot clock is used for the entire game, including overtime periods. The shot clock operator shall control a separate timing device with a horn that shall have a sound distinct and different from that of the game clock. An alternate timing device shall be available. 24 Second Clock

2 ND^ SEM/LECTURE PRE-

MEDICINE

BY: LEMERA CAMPANO

  • The team that does not gain control of the live ball on the playing court after the jump ball shall be entitled to the first alternating possession.
  • The team entitled to the next alternating possession at the end of any quarter or overtime shall begin the next quarter or overtime with a throw-in from the centre line extended, opposite the scorerā€™s table, unless there are further free throws and a possession penalty to be administered.
  • The team entitled to the alternating possession throw-in shall be indicated by the alternating possession arrow in the direction of the opponentsā€™ basket. The direction of the alternating possession arrow shall be reversed immediately when the alterna_x0002_ting possession throw-in ends .ā€¢ A violation by a team during its alternating possession throw-in causes that team to lose the alternating possession throw-in. The direction of the alternating possession arrow shall be reversed immediately, indicating that the opponents of the violating team shall be entitled to the alternating possession throw-in at the next jump ball situation. The game shall then be resumed by awarding the ball to the opponents of the violating team for a throw-in from the place of the original throw-in.