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BBH 101 PSU Exam 1 – 2025 Insider Exam Access | Complete Actual Questions Answers, Exams of Biology

Pennsylvania State University - ShenangoBiology

BBH 101 PSU Exam 1 – 2025 Insider Exam Access | Complete Actual Questions + Verified Answers

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 01/16/2026

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BBH 101 PSU Exam 1 – 2025 Insider Exam
Access | Complete Actual Questions +
Verified Answers
1. What constitutes the Central Nervous System?
Answer
The brain and spinal cord.
2. What is the function of the Spinal Cord?
Answer
It receives sensory information from the body and
sends it to the brain, and receives motor information
from the brain and sends it to the body.
3. What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)?
Answer
It conveys messages to and from the CNS.
4. What does the Somatic PNS control?
Answer
Voluntary movement.
5. What does the Autonomic PNS control?
Answer
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Download BBH 101 PSU Exam 1 – 2025 Insider Exam Access | Complete Actual Questions Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BBH 101 PSU Exam 1 – 2025 Insider Exam Access | Complete Actual Questions + Verified Answers

  1. What constitutes the Central Nervous System? Answer The brain and spinal cord.
  2. What is the function of the Spinal Cord? Answer It receives sensory information from the body and sends it to the brain, and receives motor information from the brain and sends it to the body.
  3. What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)? Answer It conveys messages to and from the CNS.
  4. What does the Somatic PNS control? Answer Voluntary movement.
  5. What does the Autonomic PNS control? Answer

Involuntary movement.

  1. Which part of the autonomic PNS is affected by dangerous situations? Answer Sympathetic PNS.
  2. Which part of the autonomic PNS is involved in calming and relaxing activity? Answer Parasympathetic PNS.
  3. What is the smaller functional unit of the Nervous System? Answer The Neuron.Shutterstock
  4. What is the function of the Dendrite? Answer It is the part of the neuron that receives information.
  5. What is the function of the Soma? Answer It is the part of the neuron that integrates information.
  6. What is the function of the Axon?

Via Neurotransmitters.

  1. What is the path of Neurotransmitters? Answer They are released from the neuron, cross the synaptic cleft, and interact with receptors on the next neuron.
  2. What comprises the Cerebral Cortex? Answer The 4 lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal) and the prefrontal cortex.
  3. What are the functions of the Prefrontal Cortex? Answer It holds back impulses and controls memory.
  4. What is the Brainstem? Answer The central trunk of the brain that keeps you alive by controlling basic life functions.
  5. What does the Cerebellum control? Answer Movement.
  1. What is the Endocrine System? Answer A collection of glands that produce hormones.
  2. What are the roles of the Hypothalamus? Answer It controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland; produces Oxytocin and Vasopressin; and controls homeostasis and drive states.
  3. Which gland is directly controlled by the hypothalamus? Answer The Pituitary Gland.
  4. What is the function of the Posterior Pituitary Gland? Answer It stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus, specifically oxytocin and vasopressin.
  5. What is the function of the Anterior Pituitary Gland? Answer

To identify and destroy diseased cells.

  1. What does an Odds Ratio tell us? Answer It tells us how much more likely people with an exposure are to have an outcome compared to people without the exposure.
  2. What occurs in Cohort Studies? Answer People with and without a certain exposure are selected and followed over time to see if they develop the outcome of interest.
  3. What does Relative Risk (Risk Ratio) indicate? Answer It tells us how much higher the risk of the outcome is in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group.
  4. What is the gold standard for identifying causal relationships? Answer Experimental Designs.
  5. What is Random Assignment? Answer

Randomly assigning participants to groups so all participants have an equal chance of being in an experimental group.

  1. What is Blinding? Answer When the group assignment in a study is concealed from the participants and/or researchers.
  2. What defines an Experimental Study? Answer A study in which the independent variable's effect is being manipulated by the experimenter.
  3. What defines an Observational Study? Answer A study in which the independent variable is not manipulated by the experimenter.
  4. What is Empirical Research? Answer A publication in which the author writes about an original experiment or study they conducted.
  5. What is a Literature Review? Answer

Answer Proteins activated by microbes that assist the immune system in destroying pathogens.

  1. What is the Inflammatory Response? Answer A response triggered by tissue damage that helps prevent the spread of infection.
  2. What is the Limbic System? Answer A collection of structures (Hippocampus, Amygdala, Hypothalamus) associated with emotions and memory.
  3. What is the function of the Hippocampus? Answer It controls memory, especially the consolidation of short-term memory.
  4. What does the Amygdala control? Answer Fearful emotions.
  5. What is the Reward System? Answer

A system involved in pleasurable feelings that includes dopamine pathways.

  1. What do Dopamine pathways connect? Answer The ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens.
  2. How does a Vaccine work? Answer It exposes the immune system to a disease-causing agent (or element of one), leading to the production of memory B cells and conferring immunity.
  3. What are cytokines and what are they associated with? Answer Proteins produced by immune cells that convey messages of infection to the brain; they are associated with the "sickness response."
  4. What is the function of arteries? Answer To carry blood away from the heart.
  5. What is the function of veins?

Answer He studied patterns of cholera in London and identified a public water pump as the source.

  1. What did Semmelweis discover? Answer He discovered that childbed fever was caused by doctors not washing their hands.
  2. What is Cell Theory? Answer The theory that organisms are made up of cells.
  3. What was Louis Pasteur’s experiment? Answer He examined porridge in two containers; the unsealed one grew mold while the sealed one did not, disproving spontaneous generation.
  4. Who developed the 1st vaccine and how? Answer Edward Jenner; he used cowpox to prevent smallpox by exposing a boy to the vaccine and then to smallpox.
  5. What did Alexander Fleming discover? Answer

The antibacterial effects of penicillin.

  1. What does the Biomedical Model suggest? Answer That illness always has a biological cause.
  2. What does the Biobehavioral Perspective recognize? Answer Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors that determine health and vulnerability to disease.
  3. What was the purpose of the Framingham Heart Study? Answer To study risk factors of cardiovascular disease; it identified smoking, cholesterol, blood pressure, and obesity as causes.
  4. What did Warren and Marshall prove using the biomedical model? Answer That H. pylori bacteria is a cause of peptic ulcers.
  5. What is Cognitive Bias? Answer
  1. What is Causality? Answer A relationship where one event is understood to be a consequence of the other.
  2. What is a Hypothesized relationship? Answer A relationship where A causes B.
  3. What is Reverse Causation? Answer A relationship where B causes A.
  4. What is a Bidirectional relationship? Answer A relationship where A causes B and B causes A (they affect each other).
  5. What is a Common Causal Variable? Answer A situation where a third variable, C, causes both A and B.
  6. What is Coincidence in research? Answer

When a relationship between variables is caused by chance.

  1. What is a Case Study? Answer A clinical description of a single patient, usually describing an unusual feature or association.
  2. What is a Case Series? Answer A collection of case studies involving a group of patients with similar characteristics.
  3. What is a Cross-sectional Study? Answer A "point-in-time" picture of health and behaviors with no follow-up; measures are taken only once.
  4. What is a Case-Control Study? Answer A retrospective study where people with and without an outcome are selected to see how many in each group were exposed to a variable.
  5. What is the function of capillaries? Answer

The part of the cardiac cycle where the heart contracts.

  1. What is the sinoatrial node? Answer The heart's natural pacemaker.
  2. What does the stomach secrete to aid in digestion? Answer Gastric juices, including mucus, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen.
  3. What is the pancreas's link to diabetes? Answer Deficiencies in insulin signaling produced by the pancreas are linked to diabetes.
  4. What is natural selection? Answer The process where successful adaptations are passed on because they promote survival.
  5. What is sexual selection? Answer The process where traits are passed down because they make an organism more attractive to the opposite sex.
  1. What are chromosomes made of? Answer Strands of DNA that contain thousands of genes.
  2. What is the function of genes? Answer They tell the body how to produce proteins.
  3. What is an allele? Answer One of two or more different forms of a gene.
  4. What is a genotype? Answer An individual's genetic makeup.
  5. What is a phenotype? Answer The outward, physical, and mental expression of the genotype.
  6. What is heritability? Answer An estimate of how much variation in a trait can be attributed to genes.