Download Understanding Cloud Computing: Definition, Models, and Benefits and more Schemes and Mind Maps Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud computing Submission date Feb 22nd, 2021^ Date Received 1st submission. Feb 22nd, 2021 Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission. Student Name Nguyen Anh Nhan^ Student ID GCH Class GCH0801^ Assessor name Do Quoc Binh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D
Summative Feedback: Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date: Internal Verifier’s Comments: Signature & Date:
- Table of Figures
- Introduction
- Overview cloud computing
- Client – Server
- 2.1 Client......................................................................................................................................................
- 2.2 Server
- 2.3. Relation between Client and Server......................................................................................................
- Peer-to-peer (P2P)
- High Performance Computing
- 4.1. Definition
- 4.1.1. Parallel
- 4.1.2. Cluster
- 4.1.3. Distributed
- Deployment Models
- 5.1. Public Deployment...............................................................................................................................
- 5.2. Private Deployment
- 5.3. Community Cloud
- 5.4. Hybrid Cloud
- Cloud Service Models
- 6.1 Infrastructure as a Service
- 6.2 Platform as a Service.............................................................................................................................
- 6.3 Software as a Service
- 6.4 Comparing Service Models
- Characteristic of Cloud
- Virtualization and Multicore
- 8.1 Virtualization
- 8.2 Multicore..............................................................................................................................................
- Solution for ATN
- 9.1. Overview Scenario
- 9.2 Overview Solution
- 9.2. Deployment Model
- 9.3. Service Model
- 9.4. Technical Specs
- 9.4.1. NodeJS & JavaScript
- 9.4.2. MongoDB
- 9.4.3. Heroku
- 9.4.4. GitHub: Version Control System & Collaboration
- Cloud Architecture
- Conclusion
- References
- Figure 1. Client - Server Relationship Table of Figures
- Figure 2: P2P model
- Figure 3. Public Deployment
- Figure 4. A Project deployed onto Google Cloud Platform
- Figure 5. Self-made Example Project
- Figure 6: On-premise private cloud.
- Figure 7. Physical Private Cloud Instances
- Figure 8. Community cloud
- Figure 9. Hybrid cloud.............................................................................................................................................
- Figure 10. Example of using AWS in Cloud on-premise
- Figure 11. Overview IaaS
- Figure 12. Overview PaaS
- Figure 13. Services provided by SaaS Providers.
- Figure 14. The essential characteristics of cloud computing.
- Overview cloud computing According to (Chandrasekaran, 2014), The formal definition of cloud computing comes from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): “Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services, that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. That means a computing resource or infrastructure including server hardware, storage, networking, or application software is all available from your cloud provider or your website / facility. The provider can be accessed over the Internet from any remote location and with any local computing device. In addition, usage or accessibility is usage-only for customers based on their needs and needs, also known as the pay-as-you- go or pay-per-use model.
- Client – Server According to (Moltchanov, 2013), in the client/server model, all end systems are divided into clients and servers each designed for specific purposes.
2 .1 Client
According to (Moltchanov, 2013), the client takes an active role and initiates the communication session by sending a request to the server. At this point, the client must have knowledge of the available servers and the services they provide However, the client can only communicate with the server; they cannot see each other. Clients are devices/programs that request services from servers. Clients can be distinguished according to the functionality they provide and the amount of processing load they carry. There are 2 types of client: Fat client Fat clients are devices/programs that are powerful enough and operate with limited dependence on their server counterparts. Fat clients as devices – a user workstation that is powerful and fully-featured in its own right. Figure 1. Client - Server Relationship
It means if the time to handle a client can be long, the waiting time experienced by subsequent clients may be unacceptable. Examples of Internet services deployed as repeat servers like echo (RFC 862) and daytime (RFC 867) Iterative servers iterate through the following steps: Step 1: Wait for a client request to arrive Step 2: Process the request and send the response back to the client Step 3: Go back to Step 1 So, iterative servers handle clients sequentially, finishing with one client before servicing the next. Concurrent server Concurrent design is more complex but yields better performance. It allows to improve responsiveness and reduce latency when the rate at which requests are processed is less than the rate at which requests arrive at the server. Internet services like HTTP, telnet, and FTP are commonly implemented as concurrent servers. Concurrent servers perform the following steps: Step 1: Wait for a client request to arrive Step 2: Use a new process/task/thread to handle the request Step 3: Go back to Step 1 Thus, concurrent servers handle client requests in parallel.
2.3. Relation between Client and Server
Below are some of the characteristics to distinguish between client and server. Hardware role: The terms "client" and "server" generally refer to the key roles performed by networked hardware.
A "client" is usually something like a PC used by an individual and essentially initiates the conversation by sending a request. A "server" is usually a powerful machine dedicated to responding to customer requests, sitting in a server room somewhere that no one other than its administrator has ever seen. Software roles: TCP/IP uses different pieces of software for many protocols to implement “client” and “server” roles. Client software is usually found on client hardware and server software on server hardware, but not always. Some devices may run both client and server software. Web clients: Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome,... For example, “Web Statistics” by W3Schools Web servers: Apache, Microsoft IIS, GWS,... For example, “Web Server Survey” by Netcraft Ltd. Transaction role: During communication processes, the customer is the entity that initiates the communication or sends a query; The server responds, often providing information. Usually, the client software on the client will initiate a transaction, but this does not always happen. For example, when two SMTP servers communicate for email exchange, both are server programs running on the server hardware. However, in the process of exchanging information one device acts as a client, while the other acts as a server.
Advantage Disadvantage Improved scalability and reliability. Lack of centralized control. No need for a dedicated application and database server Computers that have shared resources may suffer sluggish performance. Low security. Table 1: Advantage and Disadvantage of P2P
P2P Example
An example that quite famous is game stations. Years ago, when Internet is not popular and people used to connect to the network by Broadband connection, P2P is the main method of connection in workplace and the only choice for devices to connect to each other in small area. The game industry was rapidly grown in 1990s with many popular devices. Here is one example with two game controllers connected to a single game station. Nowadays, a famous P2P connection is Bluetooth. However, people can establish a P2P connection using Wi-Fi or other kind of wired or wireless connection.
- High Performance Computing
4.1. Definition
4.1.1. Parallel According to (Chandrasekaran, 2014), Parallel computing is also one of the facets of HPC. Here, a set of processors work cooperatively to solve a computational problem. These processor machines or CPUs are mostly of homogeneous type. Therefore, this definition is the same as that of HPC and is broad enough to include supercomputers that have hundreds or thousands of processors interconnected with other resources. One can distinguish between conventional computers and parallel computers in the way the applications are executed. In parallel computing, since there is the simultaneous use of multiple processor machines, the following apply:
- It is run using multiple processors (multiple CPUs).
- A problem is broken down into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently.
- Each part is further broken down into a series of instructions.
- Instructions from each part are executed simultaneously on different processors.
- An overall control/coordination mechanism is employed. 4.1.2. Cluster According to (Chandrasekaran, 2014), A cluster computing system consists of a set of the same or similar type of processor machines connected using dedicated network infrastructure. All processor machines share resources such as a common home directory and have software such as a message passing interface (MPI) implementation installed to allow programs to be run across all nodes simultaneously. This is also a kind of HPC category. The individual computers in a cluster can be referred to as nodes. If we have processor machines of heterogeneous types in a cluster, this kind of clusters become a subtype and still mostly are in the experimental or research stage.
4.2. Example
In real life, there’s several uses of HPC. Actually, HPC is not so common in daily life since its specific purposes. According to its power, it’s suitable for tasks that requires a fast, reliable and stable performance. An example that can be mentioned here is Deep Learning. With a high power of computing, calculations can be done way much faster and the data can be analyzed rapidly. As in IBM (United States), two supercomputers (which are fastest on the world) was built for Machine Learning purpose. Figure 3. IBM Supercomputers
- Deployment Models A cloud deployment model represents a specific type of cloud environment, primarily distinguished by ownership, size, and access. There are four common cloud deployment models:
- Public cloud.
- Community cloud.
- Private cloud.
- Hybrid cloud.
5.1. Public Deployment
According to (Chandrasekaran, 2014), a public cloud is a publicly accessible cloud environment owned by a third-party cloud provider. The IT resources on public clouds are usually provisioned via the previously described cloud delivery models and are generally offered to cloud consumers at a cost or are commercialized via other avenues such as an advertisement. According to NIST, the public cloud is the cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. There are several advantages and disadvantages of a public cloud. Figure 4. Public Deployment
Real Example
In reality, Hpublic cloud is frequently used in small businesses and systems. As provided above about some advantages of using Public Deployment, the scalability and the requirements for maintenance is the main points which make thing more flexible when using this kind of deployment. Furthermore, the low cost also very important that’s efficient in small businesses. In real life, the author has experienced in some projects that used Public Cloud Service as the Deployment Service for the whole project. To be specific, an “instance” was deployed through Google Cloud Engine - GCE (of Google Cloud Platform - GCP). About the experience, GCP – GCE provides a flexible way to deploy an instance and makes things much easier to do. With some steps interacting with a friendly web panel interface, the author has successfully to deploy a Cloud Instance which stands for providing a website including an online messaging service. The stability of the public deployment is also very good as its uptime is nearly always. The deployment process is quite simple since it depends on a famous “version control service - VCS” – Git. The result of the process is a website: https://eof.vn and a Messaging bot for English self-learning Chatbot: https://m.me/EnglishOrFoolish. Figure 5. A Project deployed onto Google Cloud Platform Figure 6. Self-made Example Project
5.2. Private Deployment
According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a private cloud can be defined as the cloud infrastructure that is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers. It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. The private cloud in simple terms is the cloud environment created for a single organization. It is usually private to the organization but can be managed by the organization or any other third party. A private cloud can be deployed using Open-source tools such as OpenStack, Eucalyptus. The private cloud is small in size as compared to Figure 7: On-premise private cloud. other cloud models. Here the cloud is deployed and maintained by the organizations themselves (Chandrasekaran, 2014). There are several advantages and disadvantages of a private cloud. Advantage Disadvantage It is controlled by the organization. For the private cloud, budget is a constraint. It provides a high level of security and privacy to the user. The private clouds have loose SLAs. The cloud is small in size and is easy to maintain. Table 3: Advantage and disadvantage of private cloud
