Binomial Theorem - Lecture Notes | MAC 1140, Study notes of Mathematics

Material Type: Notes; Class: PRECALCULUS ALGEBRA; Subject: MATHEMATICS - CALCULUS AND PRECALCULUS; University: Florida State University; Term: Fall 2007;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

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Section 11.5 Binomial Theorem
Binomial Coefficients
Definition:
!
!( )!
n
j
nn
Cjjn j
โŽ›โŽž
==
โŽœโŽŸ โˆ’
โŽโŽ  ,
where (recursive) or
!(1nnn=โ‹… โˆ’)! 1!(1)(2)32nnn n
=
โ‹…โˆ’โ‹…โˆ’โ‹…โ‹…โ‹…โ‹…" (direct).
Notice: 1!=1 and 0!=1 (This is the definition.)
Remark: The above notation is read as โ€œn taken j at a timeโ€ or โ€œn choose jโ€. The number
gives the different possible combination one could have if he wants to choose j items from
n different items. For example, if you have 52 different cards, you want to draw 5 (a hand)
from them. Then you could have 52
5
52 52! 62,375,040
55!47!
CโŽ›โŽž
== =
โŽœโŽŸ
โŽโŽ  distinct possible
combinations. You can use this method to calculate your chance of winning a lottery.
Whatโ€™s your chance to become a millionaire overnight?
Binomial Theorem
z
00 11
()01
nn n njj n
nn n n
ab a b ab a b a b
jn
โˆ’โˆ’ โˆ’
โŽ›โŽž โŽ›โŽž โŽ›โŽž โŽ›โŽž
+= + ++ ++
โŽœโŽŸ โŽœโŽŸ โŽœโŽŸ โŽœโŽŸ
โŽโŽ  โŽโŽ  โŽโŽ  โŽโŽ 
""
nnโˆ’
n
b
n
11 1
11
01 1
nn njj n
nn n n n
aab ab ab
jn
โˆ’โˆ’ โˆ’
โŽ›โŽž โŽ›โŽž โŽ›โŽž โŽ› โŽž โŽ›โŽž
= + ++ ++ +
โŽœโŽŸ โŽœโŽŸ โŽœโŽŸ โŽœ โŽŸ โŽœโŽŸ
โˆ’
โŽโŽ  โŽโŽ  โŽโŽ  โŽ โŽ  โŽโŽ 
""
0
nnj j
j
nab
j
โˆ’
=
โŽ›โŽž
=โŽœโŽŸ
โŽโŽ 
โˆ‘
Notice: The operation in the parenthesis must be regarded as summation even if we want
to expand ()
n
abโˆ’
Exercise 1
โ—‹
โ—‹
โ—‹
โ—‹
pf2

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Section 11.5 Binomial Theorem

Binomial Coefficients

Definition:

n j

n (^) n C j j n j

,

where n! = n โ‹… ( n โˆ’ 1 )! (recursive) or n! = n โ‹… ( n โˆ’ 1) (โ‹… n โˆ’ 2) โ‹… " โ‹… 3 2โ‹… โ‹… 1 (direct).

Notice: 1!=1 and 0!=1 (This is the definition.)

Remark: The above notation is read as โ€œn taken j at a timeโ€ or โ€œn choose jโ€. The number

gives the different possible combination one could have if he wants to choose j items from

n different items. For example, if you have 52 different cards, you want to draw 5 (a hand)

from them. Then you could have

52 5

C

distinct possible

combinations. You can use this method to calculate your chance of winning a lottery.

Whatโ€™s your chance to become a millionaire overnight?

Binomial Theorem

z

0 0 1 1 ( ) 0 1

n n^ n n^ n n^ n j j n n a b a b a b a b a b j n

โˆ’ n n

n b n

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

n (^) n n (^) n n (^) n j j n (^) n n a a b a b ab j n

0

n n j j

j

n a b j

โˆ’

=

Notice: The operation in the parenthesis must be regarded as summation even if we want

to expand ( )

n a โˆ’ b

Exercise 1

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Exercise 2

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Exercise 3

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

Exercise 4

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹

โ—‹