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BIO 156 Exam 3 Practice Quizzes
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What is the major function of bile? a. Emulsification of fats b. Digestion of fats c. Stimulation of stomach secretions d. Inhibition of stomach contractions e. Assist amino acid absorption - a. Emulsification of fats Histamine: a. Causes local blood vessels to constrict. b. Causes local blood vessels to restrict fluid loss. c. Decreases blood flow to the affected area. d. Causes local swelling of the affected area. e. Causes the blood pressure in the body to increase. - d. Causes local swelling of the affected area Absorption of water is one major function of which of the following structures? a. cecum b. esophagus c. appendix d. rectum e. colon - e. colon The pulmonary veins deliver bloods to which of the following? a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle e. lungs - b. left atrium What happens to nutrient macromolecules in your digestive tract? a. They are absorbed whole and are broken down to monomers in the cells that ultimately use them.
b. The digestive breakdown of macromolecules is keyed to the body's need for monomers; only the monomers that are immediately needed are produced. c. Nucleic acids and triglycerides (which diffuse across the plasma membrane) are not digested to monomers; other macromolecules are. d. Proteins and nucleic acids are digested to monomers before absorption; energy- storage macromolecules (starched and fat) are absorbed whole. e. All nutrient macromolecules are digested to monomers before absorption. - e. All nutrient macromolecules are digested to monomers before absorption. The alimentary canal is best defined as which of the following? a. The compartment in which an animal digest its food. b. A tube-shaped digestive compartment with either one or two openings. c. A tube-like digestive compartment that has two openings and consists, at least a mouth, stomach, and intestine. d. A digestive cavity in which food is churned and mixed. e. A tube-shaped digestive compartment that has two openings and through which food moves in one direction. - b. A tube-shaped digestive compartment with either one or two openings. The main function of salivary amylase is to do which of the following? a. Moisten food b. Catalyze the formation of vitamins c. Digest food d. Store food e. Absorb nutrients - c. Digest food Which of the following describes digestion? a. Absorption of nutrients b. Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food c. Conversion of amino acids to proteins d. Conversion of glycogen to glucose e. Churning of food in the stomach and intestine - b. Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food Which of the following is an accessory digestive organ that secretes both enzymes and hormones? a. Liver b. Gallbladder
b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Liver e. Large intestine - d. Liver Which of the following disorders is caused by a bacterial infection that results in lung edema that makes it difficult to breathe? a. Pneumonia b. Influenza c. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) d. Asthma e. Sleep apnea - a. Pneumonia Which of the following substances is never secreted in the nephron? a. Uric acid b. Drug metabolites c. Hydrogen ions d. Potassium ions e. Glucose - e. Glucose How does Helicobacter pylori cause gastric ulcers in humans? a. It neutralizes the acids of the stomach. b. It causes the production of excess acid in the stomach. c. H. Pylori does not cause gastric ulcers. d. It damages the stomach's mucous coat. e. It eats away the lining of the mouth and throat. - d. It damages the stomach's mucous coat Digestive juices cannot leak between the epithelial cells lining the lumen because of ___. a. The size of the molecules of digestive juices. b. Tight junctions. c. Adhesion junctions (desmosomes). d. Gap junctions. e. Intercalated disks. - b. Tight junctions Which of the following cells provide the diversity in the immune system? a. Macrophages
b. T and B cells c. Dendritic cells d. Complement cells e. Neutrophils - b. T and B cells Which of the following sequences does not indicate a DIRECT pathway that blood might follow in human circulation? a. Left ventricle --> aorta b. Right ventricle --> pulmonary vein c. Pulmonary vein --> left atrium d. Vena cava --> right atrium e. Right ventricle --> pulmonary artery - b. Right ventricle --> pulmonary vein Which of the following is the first line of defense against foreign invaders? a. adaptive immunity b. the lymphatic system c. B and T cells d. physical and chemical barriers e. antibody production - d. physical and chemical barriers Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across ___. a. alveoli b. tracheae c. bronchioles d. diaphragms e. bronchi - a. alveoli Which of the following is the most important factor that determines how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin? a. breathing rate b. temperature c. relative amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide d. acidity e. blood volume - c. relative amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle? a. A more muscular wall is required to supply the pumping that powers the flow of blood into the systemic circuit.
Someone with liver failure will, in particular, have problems with the digestion and absorption of ___. a. minerals b. fats c. vitamins d. carbohydrates e. proteins - b. fats Which of the following is NOT an end-product of digestion? a. polysaccharides b. glucose c. amino acids d. fatty acids e. nucleotide bases - a. polysaccharides Which of the following is a function of the lymph vascular system? a. Collecting water and solutes from the veins of the blood. b. Absorbing carbohydrates from the small intestine. c. Being a major site for T and B cell activation. d. Transporting foreign materials to lymph nodes. e. Returning water and solutes to the small intestine. - d. Transporting foreign materials to lymph nodes. The organ in the body most responsible for maintaining water and salt balance is the ___. a. Small intestine b. Pancreas c. Kidney d. Heart e. Pineal gland - c. Kidney The epithelial cells lining the intestine have surface projections that increase the area for absorption. These projections are called ___. a. pili b. cilia c. rugae d. flagella e. microvilli - e. microvilli
Which muscles are involuntary? a. Cardiac and smooth b. Cardiac and skeletal c. Smooth and skeletal d. Only skeletal e. Only cardiac - a. Cardiac and smooth The basic unit of nervous tissue is the: a. dendrite b. axon c. cell body d. neuron e. nerve - d. neuron The benefits of aerobic exercise include all of the following EXCEPT an ___. a. increased number of mitochondria b. increased blood supply c. increased supply of myoglobin d. increased number of fibers in a motor unit e. increased activity of lipoprotein lipase. - d. increased number of fibers in a motor unit Which of these is an example of positive feedback? a. sweating when hot b. labor pains increasing in frequency and intensity c. drinking when thirsty d. shivering when cold e. eating when hungry - b. labor pains increasing in frequency and intensity Which of the following is an inherited disorder in which skeletal muscle fibers break down? a. sclerosis b. dystrophy c. atrophy d. sarcoma e. tetanus - b. dystrophy
b. Support c. Contraction d. Covering surfaces e. Absorption - c. Contraction When riding a horse, a jockey squeezes his thighs together to stay on the saddle. This is an example of ___. a. flexion b. extension c. abduction d. adduction e. pronation - d. adduction Which of these correctly describes a layer of the skin? a. The epidermis is simple squamous epithelium in which hair follicles develop and blood vessels expand when we are hot. b. The subcutaneous layer lies between the epidermis and the dermis. It contains adipose tissue, which keeps us warm. c. The dermis is a region of connective tissue that contains sensory receptors, nerve endings, and blood vessels. d. The skin has a special layer, still unnamed, in which there are all the accessory structures such as nails, hair, and various glands. e. The hypodermis layer is known for cushioning and insulation. - c. The dermis is a region of connective tissue that contains sensory receptors, nerve endings, and blood vessels. Which tissue includes the epidermis? a. muscle tissue b. nervous tissue c. epithelial tissue d. connective tissue e. reproductive tissue - c. epithelial tissue All glands in the body, such as salivary glands and the pancreas, are derived from which type of tissue? a. epithelial b. connective c. muscle
d. nervous e. secretory - a. epithelial Which tissue includes blood and adipose tissue? a. muscle tissue b. nervous tissue c. epithelial tissue d. connective tissue e. endocrine tissue - d. connective tissue The most common type of join in the human body is a ___. a. synovial joint b. fibrous joint c. membranous joint d. cartilaginous joint e. hinge joint - a. synovial joint What kind of connective tissue has a liquid matrix? a. cartilage b. nervous tissue c. loose connective tissue d. adipose tissue e. blood - e. blood Which of the following describes the infectious disease that produces spastic paralysis? a. botulism b. sarcoma c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy d. tetanus e. myotonic muscular dystrophy - d. tetanus The bodies of sweat glands and hair follicles are located in which of the following? a. loose connective tissue layer b. subcutaneous layer c. hypodermis d. dermis e. epidermis - d. dermis
The Strength training involves which of the following? a. activities like jogging and swimming b. intense, short duration activity c. decreased number of myofibrils d. recruiting more enzymes in aerobic activity e. producing muscles with higher endurance - b. intense, short duration activity The portion of the skeleton that includes bones of the limbs, shoulder and hips is classified as the ___. a. axial skeleton b. cranial skeleton c. girdle skeleton d. appendicular skeleton e. vertical skeleton - d. appendicular skeleton The general medical term that describes a muscle disorder is ___. a. cramp b. dystrophy c. atrophy d. myopathy e. spasm - d. myopathy What structure connects a muscle to a bone? a. tendon b. ligament c. cartilage d. joint e. collagen - a. tendon Red muscle fibers are red because they contain large amounts of ___. a. glucose b. ribosomes c. ATP d. myoglobin e. hemoglobin - d. myoglobin Most homeostatic mechanisms depend on which of the following? a. Positive feedback
b. Negative feedback c. Predictable internal conditions d. Positive and negative feedback e. Predictable environmental conditions - b. Negative feedback Which of the following is a physiological response that takes place in many animals when they get too hot? a. Slowing of the heart rate b. Contraction of muscles c. Retention of water d. Constriction of blood vessels in the skin e. Increased blood flow to the skin - e. Increased blood flow to the skin Which of the following is a function of the kidneys? a. Elimination of metabolic wastes b. Production of urine c. Maintenance of salt balance d. Maintenance of water balance e. All of the above are correct functions. - e. All of the above are correct functions A basic concept of biology is the connection between structure and what other aspect? a. Species b. Function c. Strength d. Adaptation e. Sex - b. Function What is the most abundant kind of tissue in an animal such as a zebra? a. Connective b. Blood c. Nervous d. Epithelial e. Muscle - e. Muscle What is one function of epithelial tissue? a. Communication
Which of the following has the thickest wall? a. Left ventricle b. Right ventricle c. Right atrium d. Left atrium e. Aorta - a. Left ventricle Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole? a. The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. b. The contraction of the heart during diastole decreases the blood pressure against arterial walls. c. The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against the valves separating the atria from the ventricles. d. The relaxation of the heart during systole increases blood pressure against arterial walls. e. More blood flows into the heart during systole than during diastole. - a. The contraction of the heart during systole increases the blood pressure against arterial walls. The basic rhythm of the heartbeat is set by which of the following? a. AV node b. Perkinje fibers c. Specialized muscle fibers d. Bundle of His e. SA node - e. SA node Blood pressure that is consistently this reading or higher would indicate that you have hypertension. a. 120/ b. 130/ c. 100/ d. 140/ e. 110/85 - d. 140/ Which of the following can cause anemia? a. Sickle-cell disease
b. Mineral deficiencies c. Vitamin deficiencies d. Excessive blood loss e. All of these options - e. All of these options Plasma is primarily which of the following? a. White blood cells b. Water c. Fibrinogen d. Red blood cells e. Plateletes - b. Water Gas exchange requires a surface that is which of the following? a. Ciliated and flagellated b. Thin and moist c. Permeable to oxygen and avascular d. Protected within the body and connected to the circulatory system e. Permeable to oxygen and impermeable to carbon dioxide - b. Thin and moist Which of the following provide or provides a common passageway for both food and air? a. Bronchioles b. Bronchi c. Alveoli d. Trachea e. Pharynx - e. Pharynx Together, inhalation and exhalation are referred to as which of the following? a. Diffusion b. Atherosclerosis c. Negative pressure d. Breathing e. Active transport - d. Breathing In general, why would a male be more likely to have an Adam's apple than a female? a. The male larynx is larger than the female larynx b. Females go through puberty earlier than do males c. Males have larger lungs than do females
b. Carbohydrates c. Nucleic acids d. Lipids e. Proteins - e. Proteins What happens to nutrient macromolecules in your digestive tract? a. They are absorbed whole and are broken down to monomers in the cells that ultimately use them. b. The digestive breakdown of macromolecules is keyed to the body's need for monomers; only the monomers that are immediately needed are produced. c. Nucleic acids and triglycerides (which diffuse across the plasma membrane) are not digested to monomers; other macromolecules are. d. Proteins and nucleic acids are digested to monomers before absorption; energy- storage macromolecules (starch and fat) are absorbed whole. e. All nutrient macromolecules are digested to monomers before absorption. - e. All nutrient macromolecules are digested to monomers before absorption. As you prepare to head off to class, you reach up to grab a pencil, but poke the tip of your finger. Quickly, and without thinking, you pull your hand back. Which of the following is the correct sequence of neuronal actions involved in this reflexive response? - Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron Which of the following types of neurons are effectors? - Motor neurons What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential? - Positively charged ions rush in Which pair of ions produces the resting potential of a neuron by differing concentrations? - Sodium and potassium Which of the following is not a function of glial cells? - Producing action potentials Which neuron stimulated by the environment transmits an impulse to the central nervous system? - Sensory neuron Which of the following is the deeply folded, outer layer of gray matter of each cerebral hemisphere? - Cerebral cortex
Hormones are made from all of the following classes of compounds except which of the following? - Carbohydrates Eating very spicy food stimulates the release of which of the following? - Endorphins Which gland requires the element iodine to produce its hormones? - Thyroid Which of the following is not one of the endocrine glands? - Alveoli glands What is the metabolic abnormality that underlies the characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus? - The body's cells can't absorb enough glucose from the blood Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones? - They influence the activity of DNA When the concentration of glucose in the blood rises following the digestion of a meal, what is the hormonal response? - Insulin is released, but not glucagon Which part of the endocrine system monitors and controls the body's entire endocrine function? - Hypothalamus All of the following statements about hormones are correct except which of the following? - They are carried by the nervous system Why are the human testes located in an external sac rather than in the abdominal cavity? - So the testes can be kept cooler than the body's interior After being produced, sperm mature in a structure called which of the following? - Epididymis Explain the function of the polar bodies that are produced during oogenesis. They are a mechanism that allows for which of the following? - The shedding of excess genetic material during the production of a haploid ovum Where in a woman's reproductive tract does fertilization most often take place? - In the upper part of the oviduct
