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BIO|||\\ 169 |||\-|||\\EXAM|||\\ 2 |||\\WITH|||\\CORRECT|||\\
ANSWERS
The|||\\lymphatic |||\\system |||\\assists |||\\in|||\\the|||\\function|||\\of|||\\ 2 |||\\other|||\\body |||\\systems. |||\\Name|||\
these |||\\systems |||\\and |||\\describe|||\\how|||\\the|||\\lymphatic |||\\system |||\\assists |||\\them.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Circulatory |||\\system |||\-|||\\returning |||\\excess|||\\fluid Immune|||\\system |||\-|||\\filtering|||\\lymph Describe |||\\the|||\\composition |||\\of|||\\lymph.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Clear |||\\fluid|||\\that|||\\contains |||\\water,|||\\dissolved |||\\solutes, |||\\protein. What |||\\kinds|||\\of|||\\cells |||\\and |||\\chemicals |||\\are|||\\found |||\\in|||\\lymph?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔cell|||\
debris, |||\\pathogens |||\\and |||\\cancer|||\\cells. What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\structure|||\\of|||\\lymph|||\\capillaries? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔larger |||\\than|||\\blood |||\
capillaries closed |||\\ends overlapping |||\\flaps one-way |||\\flow anchoring |||\\filaments Where|||\\are|||\\lymph|||\\capillaries |||\\located |||\\in|||\\relationship |||\\to|||\\blood |||\\capillaries? |||\-|||\\correct |||\\ |||\\answer✔✔entwined |||\\with|||\\blood |||\\capillaries. How |||\\does|||\\fluid|||\\enter|||\\and |||\\become|||\\trapped |||\\in|||\\lymph|||\\capillaries? |||\\Your|||\\answer |||\
should |||\\include |||\\the|||\\term|||\"hydrostatic |||\\pressure". |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Hydrostatic |||\
pressure |||\\in|||\\the|||\\interstitial |||\\space|||\\forces|||\\fluid|||\\to|||\\enter|||\\the|||\\capillary |||\\wall |||\\via|||\\one- way|||\\flaps. |||\\Once|||\\inside, |||\\the|||\\fluid|||\(lymph)|||\\pressure |||\\closes |||\\the|||\\flaps, |||\\trapping |||\\it.
What |||\\is|||\\a|||\\lacteal? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔A|||\\lymphatic |||\\capillary |||\\in|||\\the|||\\GI|||\\tract|||\\that|||\
absorbs|||\\lipid |||\\soluble |||\\substances. Name|||\\the|||\\lymphatic |||\\passageways |||\\from|||\\smallest |||\\to|||\\largest, |||\\starting |||\\with|||\
capillaries. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Lymphatic |||\\capillaries, |||\\collecting |||\\vessels,|||\
lymphatic |||\\trunks,|||\\lymphatic |||\\ducts. The|||\\lymphatic |||\\system |||\\does|||\\not|||\\have|||\\a|||\\pump. |||\\How |||\\is|||\\lymph|||\\pushed |||\\through|||\
lymph|||\\vessels? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔It|||\\utilizes |||\\both|||\\the|||\\skeletal|||\\and |||\\respiratory |||\
pumps, |||\\the|||\\movement|||\\of|||\\blood |||\\in|||\\companion |||\\arteries/veins, |||\\as|||\\well|||\\as|||\\the|||\
smooth |||\\muscle|||\\in|||\\the|||\\larger |||\\lymphatic |||\\vessels. Name|||\\the|||\\ 2 |||\\lymphatic |||\\ducts |||\\and |||\\tell|||\\which|||\\region|||\\of|||\\the|||\\body |||\\each|||\\drains. |||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Right|||\\lymphatic |||\\duct |||\-|||\\drains |||\\the|||\\right|||\\head/neck, |||\\right|||\\upper |||\\limb, |||\\and |||\\right|||\\thorax. |||\\Thoracic |||\\duct |||\-|||\\drains |||\\the|||\\remainder|||\\of|||\\the|||\\body. |||\\The|||\
lymphatic |||\\ducts |||\\drain |||\\into |||\\the|||\\right|||\\and |||\\left|||\\internal |||\\jugular |||\\and |||\\subclavian |||\
veins. DEFINE|||\\primary|||\\lymphatic |||\\structure|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔where|||\\lymphocytes |||\
are|||\\formed|||\\and |||\\mature DEFINE|||\\secondary |||\\lymphatic |||\\structure|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔where|||\\the|||\
lymphocytes |||\\live|||\\and |||\\work Name|||\\the|||\\ 2 |||\\primary|||\\lymphatic |||\\structures |||\\and |||\\describe|||\\the|||\\function|||\\of|||\\each.|||\\Be|||\
sure|||\\to|||\\note|||\\which|||\\blood |||\\cells |||\\mature|||\\in|||\\which|||\\organ.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Red|||\
bone|||\\marrow|||\-|||\\b|||\\and |||\\T|||\\cells |||\\formed,|||\\B|||\\cells |||\\mature Thymus |||\-|||\\T|||\\cells |||\\mature
What |||\\is|||\\a|||\\germinal |||\\center? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Innermost |||\\part|||\\of|||\\a|||\\lymph|||\\node|||\
Contains |||\\B-cells|||\\and |||\\macrophages Lymph|||\\enters|||\\a|||\\lymph|||\\node|||\\through|||\\numerous |||\\afferent|||\\vessels.|||\\However, |||\\there |||\\is|||\\only |||\\one|||\\efferent|||\\vessel|||\\exiting|||\\the|||\\lymph|||\\node.|||\\What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\effect|||\\of|||\\this|||\
arrangement?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Total |||\\vessel|||\\radius |||\\of|||\\the|||\\multiple |||\\afferent|||\
vessels|||\\creates |||\\the|||\\pressure |||\\to|||\\move|||\\the|||\\lymph|||\\to|||\\the|||\\efferent|||\\vessel. What |||\\does|||\\it|||\\mean|||\\when|||\\you|||\\have|||\\swollen |||\\lymph|||\\nodes?|||\\NOTE: |||\\We|||\\often|||\\say |||\"swollen |||\\glands" |||\\when|||\\we|||\\mean|||\\swollen |||\\lymph|||\\nodes.|||\\Lymph|||\\nodes |||\\aren't|||\
glands. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔It|||\\indicates |||\\that|||\\the|||\\lymphocytes |||\\are|||\\rapidly |||\
reproducing |||\\in|||\\that|||\\node|||\\to|||\\fight |||\\an|||\\infection. Explain |||\\the|||\\difference |||\\between |||\\the|||\\red|||\\pulp|||\\and |||\\white|||\\pulp|||\\in|||\\the|||\\spleen. |||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Red|||\\pulp|||\\surrounds |||\\the|||\\white|||\\pulp|||\\and |||\\stores|||\\red|||\\blood |||\\cells. Sinusoid |||\\capillaries |||\\are|||\\associated |||\\with|||\\the|||\\red|||\\pulp|||\\of|||\\the|||\\spleen. |||\\What |||\\is|||\\the|||\
structure|||\\of|||\\a|||\\sinusoid |||\\capillary, |||\\and |||\\what |||\\is|||\\able |||\\to|||\\pass|||\\through|||\\them?|||\\Why|||\\is|||\
this|||\\important |||\\in|||\\the|||\\spleen? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔They|||\\have|||\\very|||\\large|||\\openings |||\\that|||\\allow |||\\the|||\\passage |||\\of|||\\red|||\\blood |||\\cells.|||\\This|||\\allows |||\\the|||\\spleen|||\\to|||\\release|||\\them|||\
as|||\\needed |||\\in|||\\the|||\\body. Explain |||\\the|||\\spleen's |||\\function|||\\as|||\\a|||\\blood |||\\reservoir. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔stores|||\\red |||\\blood |||\\cells |||\\and |||\\a|||\\considerable |||\\amount|||\\of|||\\platelets|||\(30%)|||\\to|||\\release|||\\as|||\\needed |||\
in|||\\the|||\\body, |||\\such|||\\as|||\\in|||\\the|||\\case |||\\of|||\\hemorrhaging. What |||\\does|||\\the|||\\spleen|||\\filter? |||\\What |||\\cells |||\\assist |||\\with|||\\this|||\\function? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔The|||\\spleen|||\\filters|||\\blood |||\\with|||\\the|||\\help|||\\of|||\\B-cells, |||\\T-cells |||\\and |||\
macrophages. What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\function|||\\of|||\\tonsils? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Tonsils |||\\help|||\\protect|||\\against|||\
inhaled |||\\or|||\\ingested |||\\foreign |||\\material.
How |||\\do|||\\tonsillar |||\\crypts|||\\assist |||\\in|||\\tonsil|||\\function? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Increase |||\
the|||\\tonsil's|||\\surface |||\\area|||\\which|||\\helps |||\\catch|||\\more|||\\unwanted |||\\material. How |||\\is|||\\a|||\\lymphatic |||\\nodule |||\\different|||\\from|||\\a|||\\lymph|||\\node?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Lymphatic |||\\nodules |||\\are|||\\not|||\\completely |||\\encapsulated. Where|||\\are|||\\lymphatic |||\\nodules |||\\found?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Throughout |||\\every|||\
organ|||\\and |||\\also |||\\in|||\\the|||\\appendix |||\\wall. What |||\\does|||\\the|||\\acronym|||\\MALT |||\\mean?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Mucosa-associated |||\
lymphatic |||\\tissue MALT |||\\is|||\\found |||\\in|||\\the|||\\muscosa |||\\of|||\\which|||\\body |||\\tracts?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔GI,|||\
urinary, |||\\reproductive |||\\and |||\\respiratory (Tracts |||\\that|||\\open|||\\to|||\\outside |||\\world) What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\function|||\\of|||\\MALT?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Protects |||\\the|||\\mucous |||\
membranes |||\\of|||\\the|||\\body |||\\from|||\\foreign |||\\material Explain |||\\metastasis. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔When|||\\stray|||\\cancer|||\\cells |||\\migrate|||\\from|||\
the|||\\original |||\\location |||\\to|||\\other|||\\parts|||\\of|||\\the|||\\body. Critical|||\\thinking: |||\\Women |||\\with|||\\breast |||\\cancer|||\\often|||\\have|||\\their|||\\axillary |||\\lymph|||\
nodes |||\\removed. |||\\After|||\\that, |||\\many|||\\have|||\\trouble|||\\with|||\\swelling |||\\in|||\\their|||\\arms. |||\
Considering |||\\the|||\\anatomy |||\\of|||\\the|||\\lymphatic |||\\system,|||\\explain|||\\why. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Any|||\\damage|||\\to|||\\the|||\\lymphatic |||\\system |||\\disrupts |||\\the|||\\collection |||\\of|||\
excess|||\\fluid|||\\from|||\\the|||\\interstitial |||\\space.|||\\When|||\\the|||\\axillary |||\\lymph|||\\nodes |||\\are|||\
removed, |||\\it|||\\lessens |||\\the|||\\ability |||\\to|||\\filter|||\\the|||\\lymph|||\\back|||\\to|||\\the|||\\circulatory |||\\system |||\
from|||\\the|||\\arms, |||\\which|||\\can|||\\lead |||\\to|||\\considerable |||\\edema |||\\in|||\\the|||\\area|||\\behind|||\\the|||\
removed |||\\lymphatic |||\\structures.
True|||\\or|||\\false?|||\
Like|||\\veins, |||\\lymphatic |||\\vessels|||\\rely|||\\on|||\\skeletal|||\\muscle|||\\and |||\\respiratory |||\\pumps |||\\to|||\
help|||\\propel|||\\fluid|||\\through|||\\them.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔True Where|||\\do|||\\T|||\\lymphocytes |||\\mature? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔thymus|||\\gland True|||\\or|||\\false? The|||\\spleen|||\\is|||\\considered |||\\a|||\\primary|||\\lymphatic |||\\structure.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔False A|||\\lymphatic |||\\capillary |||\\that|||\\picks|||\\up|||\\dietary |||\\lipids |||\\in|||\\the|||\\small|||\\intestine|||\\is|||\\called|||\
a_______?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Lacteal True|||\\or|||\\false?|||\
Secondary |||\\lymphatic |||\\structures |||\\include |||\\the|||\\red|||\\bone|||\\marrow|||\\and |||\\thymus.|||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔False The|||\\term|||\"swollen |||\\glands" |||\\is|||\\usually |||\\meant|||\\to|||\\refer|||\\to|||\\lymph|||\\nodes |||\\in|||\\which|||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Lymphocytes |||\\are|||\\proliferating |||\\in|||\\germinal |||\\centers Which|||\\fluid|||\\does|||\\lymph|||\\most|||\\closely |||\\resemble? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔interstitial |||\
fluid Other|||\\than|||\\red|||\\bone|||\\marrow|||\\the|||\\spleen|||\\contains |||\\the|||\\largest|||\\single |||\\store|||\\of|||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Platelets
True|||\\or|||\\false? Lymph|||\\contains |||\\red|||\\blood |||\\cells.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔False Cells |||\\in|||\\a|||\\lymph|||\\node|||\\that|||\\engulf|||\\and |||\\destroy|||\\damaged |||\\cells,|||\\foreign |||\
substances, |||\\and |||\\cellular |||\\debris |||\\are|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Macrophages The|||\\force|||\\that|||\\drives|||\\fluid|||\\into |||\\lymphatic |||\\capillaries |||\\is|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔hydrostatic |||\\pressure Peyer|||\\patches|||\\are|||\\large|||\\accumulation |||\\of|||\\MALT |||\\located |||\\only |||\\in|||\\the|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Small |||\\intestine True|||\\or|||\\false? Lymph|||\\contains |||\\protein.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔True Which|||\\is|||\\not|||\\a|||\\function|||\\of|||\\the|||\\spleen? Serves|||\\as|||\\a|||\\platelet|||\\reservoir Filters|||\\lymph Filters|||\\blood Houses|||\\lymphocytes Recycles |||\\aged|||\\erythrocytes |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Filters|||\\lymph Active|||\\immunity|||\\requires|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔direct|||\\encounter |||\\with|||\\the|||\\antigen
In|||\\the|||\\classical |||\\pathway |||\\of|||\\compliment |||\\activation |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Complement |||\\binds |||\\to|||\\an|||\\antibody |||\\that|||\\is|||\\bound |||\\to|||\\a|||\\foreign |||\
substance True|||\\or|||\\false? Over|||\\their|||\\lifespan, |||\\plasma |||\\cells |||\\produce |||\\hundreds |||\\of|||\\millions |||\\of|||\\antibodies |||\
against|||\\one|||\\specific |||\\antigen. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔True The|||\\constant|||\\region|||\\of|||\\an|||\\antibody |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔portion |||\\of|||\\an|||\\antibody |||\
molecule|||\\that|||\\is|||\\not|||\\variable |||\\and |||\\participates |||\\in|||\\the|||\\binding |||\\of|||\\other|||\\immune|||\
modulators Passive|||\\immunity|||\\lasts |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔from|||\\days|||\\to|||\\weeks, |||\\and |||\\does|||\\not|||\
involve |||\\development |||\\of|||\\memory|||\\cells. Upon|||\\activation, |||\\a|||\\T-lymphocyte |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔proliferates |||\\to|||\\form|||\\clones|||\
and |||\\memory|||\\cells. Foreign |||\\substances |||\\that|||\\elicit |||\\an|||\\immune|||\\response|||\\are|||\\termed|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Antigens Often|||\\a|||\\virus-infected |||\\cell|||\\will|||\\release|||\_________|||\\to|||\\prevent|||\\spread|||\\of|||\\the|||\
infection. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔interferon Chemotaxis |||\\is|||\\the|||\\process |||\\by|||\\which|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔cells |||\\migrate|||\\along |||\
chemical |||\\gradients. Which|||\\type|||\\of|||\\cell|||\\respond |||\\to|||\\multiple |||\\antigens?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Natural|||\
killer|||\\cell
A|||\\patient|||\\has|||\\an|||\\elevated|||\\body |||\\temperature |||\\that|||\\has|||\\been|||\\stable |||\\for|||\\ 48 |||\\hours.|||\
Which|||\\stage|||\\of|||\\fever|||\\is|||\\she|||\\likely|||\\in?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Stadium When|||\\compared|||\\to|||\\a|||\\primary|||\\response|||\\of|||\\the|||\\antibody |||\\levels |||\\in|||\\a|||\\secondary |||\
response|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔rise|||\\more|||\\rapidly |||\\and |||\\with|||\\a|||\\greater|||\\proportion |||\\of|||\
IgG|||\\antibodies. A|||\\membrane|||\\attack|||\\complex |||\\is|||\\a|||\\protein|||\\grouping |||\\that|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔forms|||\\a|||\\channel |||\\in|||\\the|||\\target|||\\cell|||\\membrane|||\\that|||\\causes |||\\cytolysis And|||\\immunoglobin |||\\is|||\\an|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔antibody, |||\\which|||\\is|||\\a|||\\protein|||\
molecule When|||\\a|||\\chemical |||\\messenger |||\\has|||\\a|||\\short |||\\half-life |||\\it|||\\means |||\\that|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔it|||\\will|||\\not|||\\have|||\\an|||\\extremely|||\\prolonged |||\\effect|||\\on|||\\target|||\\cells. Which|||\\of|||\\the|||\\following |||\\is|||\\not|||\\an|||\\antigen |||\\presenting|||\\cell? Macrophages B|||\\lymphocytes Cytotoxic |||\\T|||\\lymphocytes Dendritic |||\\cells |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Cytotoxic |||\\T|||\\lymphocytes True|||\\or|||\\false? High |||\\fever|||\\is|||\\dangerous |||\\because |||\\proteins |||\\may|||\\denature|||\\and |||\\metabolic |||\
pathways |||\\may|||\\change. |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔True
Which|||\\immune|||\\substance |||\\are|||\\chemicals |||\\that|||\\increases |||\\the|||\\setpoint |||\\for|||\\body |||\
temperature |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Pyrogens MHC|||\\class |||\\I|||\\molecules |||\\on|||\\a|||\\cell|||\\allow |||\\it|||\\to|||\\interact|||\\with|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔cytotoxic |||\\T|||\\lymphocytes A|||\\virus |||\\is|||\______|||\\than|||\\a|||\\bacteria |||\\cell.|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Smaller A|||\\virus |||\\is|||\\composed |||\\of|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔nucleic |||\\acid|||\\and |||\\protein|||\\capsid If|||\\someone |||\\had |||\\a|||\\cut|||\\in|||\\their|||\\skin|||\\through|||\\which|||\\a|||\\bacterium|||\\entered,|||\\but|||\\that|||\
bacterium|||\\was|||\\done|||\\destroyed|||\\by|||\\a|||\\neutrophil, |||\\this|||\\would|||\\be|||\\an|||\\example|||\\of|||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔failed |||\\external |||\\innate |||\\immunity successful |||\\internal |||\\innate |||\\immunity Which|||\\type|||\\of|||\\cell|||\\attacks|||\\a|||\\variety|||\\of|||\\unwanted |||\\cells |||\\and |||\\causes |||\\those|||\\cells |||\\to|||\
undergo |||\\apoptosis? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔natural |||\\killer|||\\cells What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\first|||\\line|||\\of|||\\defense|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔External |||\\innate |||\\immunity Describe |||\\the|||\\function|||\\of|||\\the|||\"first|||\\line|||\\of|||\\defense"|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔To|||\\prevent |||\\entry |||\\of|||\\pathogens |||\\into |||\\the|||\\body Describe |||\\the|||\"second|||\\line|||\\of|||\\defense"|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔system |||\\of|||\\non- specific |||\\cells |||\\and |||\\proteins |||\\that|||\\attack|||\\antigens |||\\that|||\\have|||\\entered|||\\the|||\\body What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\second |||\\line|||\\of|||\\defense?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Internal |||\\innate |||\
immunity
List|||\\ 5 |||\\cells |||\\that|||\\are|||\\part|||\\of|||\\internal |||\\innate |||\\immunity|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Neutrophils Dendritic |||\\cells Macrophages Basophils Mast|||\\cells List|||\\ 2 |||\\chemicals |||\\that|||\\are|||\\a|||\\part|||\\of|||\\internal |||\\innate |||\\immunity|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Histamine Interleukin Name|||\\the|||\\cells |||\\and |||\\proteins |||\\that|||\\are|||\\part|||\\of|||\\the|||\\adaptive |||\\arm|||\\of|||\\the|||\\immune|||\
system |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔T|||\\lymphocytes |||\
B|||\\lymphocytes Antigens Antibodies The|||\\two|||\\main |||\\ways|||\\that|||\\adaptive |||\\immunity|||\\is|||\\different|||\\from|||\\innate |||\\immunity|||\
are|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Adaptive|||\\immunity|||\\is|||\\antigen |||\\specific |||\\and |||\\forms|||\
memory 4 |||\\cardinal |||\\signs|||\\of|||\\inflammation |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔redness, |||\\heat,|||\\swelling, |||\
pain What |||\\causes |||\\redness|||\\during|||\\inflammation |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔increased |||\\blood |||\
flow|||\\due|||\\to|||\\vasodilation
Why|||\\do|||\\we|||\\say|||\\that|||\\the|||\\thymus|||\\prevents|||\\autoimmune |||\\disease? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔While|||\\in|||\\the|||\\thymus|||\\T|||\\lymphocytes |||\\undergo |||\\negative |||\\selection Which|||\\two|||\\steps|||\\do|||\\all|||\\lymphocytes |||\\need|||\\to|||\\be|||\\activated? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔bind|||\\antigen |||\
receive|||\\interleukin What |||\\are|||\\the|||\\ 6 |||\\functions |||\\of|||\\antibodies? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Agglutination Precipitation Activate |||\\natural |||\\killer|||\\cells Neutralization Opsonization Activate |||\\complement Most|||\\abundant |||\\class |||\\of|||\\antibody, |||\\can|||\\perform|||\\all|||\\functions |||\\of|||\\antibodies. |||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔IgG The|||\\first|||\\antibody |||\\formed|||\\in|||\\the|||\\primary|||\\immune|||\\response|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔IgM Antibody |||\\that|||\\crosses |||\\the|||\\placenta |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔IgG Antibody |||\\responsible |||\\for|||\\transfusion |||\\reactions |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔IgM Antibody |||\\found |||\\mainly|||\\in|||\\body |||\\secretions |||\\and |||\\areas|||\\exposed |||\\to|||\\the|||\
environment |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔IgA Antibody |||\\that|||\\is|||\\part|||\\of|||\\the|||\\response|||\\to|||\\parasites |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔IgE
Primary|||\\antibody |||\\involved |||\\and |||\\allergies |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔IgE Once|||\\activated, |||\\differentiate |||\\to|||\\produce |||\\plasma |||\\cells |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔B|||\
lymphocytes Once|||\\activated |||\\by|||\\antigen |||\\presentation, |||\\induce |||\\apoptosis |||\\of|||\\infected |||\\cells |||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Cytotoxic |||\\T|||\\lymphocytes Control |||\\the|||\\immune|||\\response|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Helper|||\\T|||\\lymphocytes Produce |||\\antibodies |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔plasma |||\\cells Conduct |||\"immune |||\\surveillance" |||\\and |||\\induce |||\\apoptosis |||\\in|||\\damaged |||\\cells |||\\as|||\\part|||\
of|||\\the|||\\innate |||\\immune|||\\response|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Natural|||\\killer|||\\cells Reside|||\\in|||\\connective |||\\tissue |||\\and |||\\produce |||\\histamine, |||\\heparin, |||\\and |||\\other|||\
inflammatory |||\\substances |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Mast|||\\cells Phagocytic, |||\\antigen-presenting |||\\cells |||\\in|||\\the|||\\dermis|||\\and |||\\epidermis |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Dendritic |||\\cells Phagocytic, |||\\antigen-presenting |||\\cells |||\\descended |||\\from|||\\monocytes |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔Macrophages The|||\\most|||\\common|||\\leukocyte|||\\in|||\\the|||\\blood,|||\\are|||\\phagocytic, |||\\and |||\\especially |||\
responsive |||\\to|||\\bacteria |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Neutrophils
The|||\\pharynx|||\\is|||\\a|||\\shared |||\\region|||\\between |||\\which|||\\two|||\\body |||\\systems? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔respiratory |||\\and |||\\digestive The|||\\vestibular |||\\and |||\\vocal |||\\folds|||\\are|||\\found |||\\in|||\\the|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔larynx Terminal|||\\bronchioles |||\\divide |||\\into |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔respiratory |||\\bronchiole alveolar |||\\duct alveolar |||\\sac The|||\\lower|||\\respiratory |||\\tract|||\\includes |||\\the|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔larynx trachea bronchial |||\\tree bronchi bronchioles alveolar |||\\ducts and |||\\alveoli What |||\\functions |||\\can|||\\be|||\\carried |||\\out|||\\by|||\\the|||\\respiratory |||\\system |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\
answer✔✔•|||\\Exchange |||\\of|||\\PO2|||\\and |||\\PCO
- |||\\Passageway |||\\for|||\\air|||\\between |||\\the|||\\external |||\\environment |||\\and |||\\the|||\\alveoli |||\\of|||\\the|||\
lungs - |||\\Detection |||\\of|||\\odors
- |||\\Production |||\\of|||\\sound What |||\\are|||\\the|||\\components |||\\of|||\\the|||\\conducting |||\\zone |||\\of|||\\the|||\\respiratory |||\\system?|||\-|||\
correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Nose|||\
Nasal|||\\cavity
Bronchioles Larynx Trachea What |||\\items|||\\are|||\\found |||\\in|||\\mucus?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Mucin Lysosymes Defensins IgA Which|||\\bones |||\\of|||\\the|||\\skull|||\\house |||\\paranasal |||\\sinuses? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔frontal |||\
ethmoid |||\
maxilla |||\
sphenoid What |||\\are|||\\the|||\\functions |||\\of|||\\the|||\\larynx? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Produces |||\\sound|||\\for|||\
speech Assists|||\\with|||\\the|||\\Valsalva |||\\maneuver Participate |||\\in|||\\cough|||\\reflex What |||\\is|||\\the|||\\valsalva |||\\maneuver?|||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔forced |||\\expiration |||\\against|||\\a|||\
closed |||\\glottis Describe |||\\lymph|||\\nodes |||\\in|||\\the|||\\lungs? |||\-|||\\correct|||\\ |||\\answer✔✔Collect|||\\carbon, |||\\dust |||\
particles |||\\and |||\\pollutants Located|||\\within |||\\the|||\\connective |||\\tissue |||\\of|||\\a|||\\lung Only |||\\functional |||\\in|||\\infants |||\\and |||\\children |||\\then|||\\degenerate Located|||\\around |||\\the|||\\bronchi|||\\and |||\\pleura
