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Natwalsede
tron
random dance
Naturalselection
D drives
evolution
endow
the
d
in the
genetic
makeup
of
a
populfticitter
time
supported
by
multiple
lines
of
evidence
FThatualselectine the process
in
which
agents
hameadedthgtensateitbihaneteagironment
survival
and reproduction
passing
the
adaptations
to subsequentgenerations
n influences
environmental
stability genetic
variation adaptations
and
fitness
s conditions
NATURALSELECTION to occur
1 competition 4
limited
resources
fifty
at an
organisms
in a population
harem some
dance a
swim
Competition
organisms
struggle
w
other
organisms
to
get
limited
resources
organisms
COMPETE
resources
resources
of
space
food
matesnutrients
light
differences
in phenotypes
determinehow
competive
an
organism
is
leadsto
differential
more organisms
born than
survived
2
favorable
phenotypes improve
chances
of
survival
Kanation
genetic
differences
among
organisms
within
a
population
mutations andsexual reproductionincreasevariation
within
populations
Adaptations traits that
provide an
advantage
in a particular
environment
individuals w
adaptations at
greater
chance
of
survival
reproduction
of
individuals
w
adaptations of increase
w
time
3 evolutionary fitness
reproductivesuccess GAY NO fitness
Ftress
the
ability
of
an
organism
tosurvive and produce
fertile offspring
Treproductivesuccess
the production
of
offspring
reproductive success over SEVERAL
generations
ofcomponent
of
evolutionary fitness
heritability
the
ability
to pass
on adaptationsto successive generations
dueto NATURALSELECTION traits
of
individuals w mere
reproductivesuccess become more
common
in
the
population
reproductive
success
heritability Devolutionary
fitness
4 ecosystemstability
determines the
rate
direction
of
evolution
floods
storms
nments com experience
major
disruptions t o quickylslenty
over time
stable
environment
of
populations
less
likely
to evoke
i
i
IjTWTdihItnsF
populationi.a
group of
the
same species
living
in the same
area
ext
people
living
in
Seattle
pile
trees in the
Ella
forest
Naturalselectionacts on
phenotypic
variations in populations
I
Teneticvariation
the genotypic t phenotypic
differences b w
individuals in a population
f
evolution
of
a population cannot own
w o
genetic
variation
within
the population
lead to
different
phenotypes t adaptations VARIATION GOOD
increasesthe probability
a population
of
organisms
will
survive under
Oing
environmental conditions
if
the
environment Ds
one
of
the phenotypes may
be
better
suited
4 the Ded
condition
phenotypic
variation at increases the probability
a populationwill
continue in
unstableenvironments
II
my
gym
n
y
ninny
yn
gunny
my my my gypsy
bc
of
NATURALSELECTION individuals w more
favorabletraits
aremore
likely
to surviveto
reproduce
environments 0
and
apply
selective pressures
to
populations
Telectivepressure
any
biotic orabiotic factors influencing
survivability
exh
disease predation
climate
food
availability
as
based
on the environment
organisms
w adaptations can be
selected
4
against
ng
environments
introhecepessuesonpopulations
individual
fitness
is
RELATIVE to
the
environmental
condition
some phenotypic variations increase decrease tee
fitnessof
the
organism
any
phenotype that decreases chances
of
survival
REPRODUCTION
negatively impacts
fitness
VICEVER
Thrifty
gythe
process
by
whichhumans select desirable traits in
other
species and
selectively
breed individuals
commonly
used in agricultural economic
practices
mostly
plants animals
exh growing
certain crops w specific
characteristics
RANDOM PROCESSES PLAY
A
ROLE
INTHE
EVOLUTION
results in phenotypes that
would NOT exist in nature of SPECIFIC
POPULATIONS
geneticdiversity can increase decrease
humans
can select
any
trait as
desirable t breed individuals within that population
for
the
desired outcome
Toneergenterction
theprocess
by
which
similar
environmentalconditions
select
different
traits
in
different
populations or species over time
SIMILAR SELECTIVE PRESSURES result in
similar
phenotypic adaptations
environmental as
ex similar
evolutionary
Ds across
different
populations species
be
similar selective press
Taralegusstructuressimilartraits in distantly
related or
unrelated
species
exh the selective pressure
of
similar aquatic
environments
comselect
streamlined bodies in vertebrates like
fish
man
Tutation a random b in an organism's genome
at
results in genetic
variationthe rawmaterial
of
evolution
an alteration in a DNA sequence
contributes to the Ds in
the
genetic
makeup
of
a populationovertime
creates GENETICVARIATIONwithin a population reducinggenetic
variationincreases the
differences bw populations
of
evolution at driven
by
RANDOM chance the samespecies
provides new phenotypes
that
contributeto
evolution
by
natural
selection
Genefdrft
the RANDOM o in the
frequency of
a
particular
allele within
a population
a nonselective process
generally
ours in
smalipifhi.int
vitonnomnttmpact
BOTTLENECK
FEET
g
causes
a natural
catastrophes increased
death rates
exhfires
volcaniceruptions
decreased reproductive rates
EFFECTSED
increased
deathrates
low
productivity
rates
Tutt keet a
large
diverse population suddenly
reduced to a small
population
exh
excessive
hurtingof
elephants
irony
evidence
from
extant
and
extinct
organisms
adds
to
our
understanding
of
evolution
nebular
morphology
types
of
evidence
extinct species
that DONT exist
genetic
mm
evidence
supporting
edition
geographical
characteristics
of
a
habitat
or
land
area
geological
environmental
features
of
the
earth
overtime
ex
fossils
decent
patterns
of
achtion and
charges
in
environmentalconditions
over t
Fossils
the
preserved remains impressions
or traces
of
once
living
organisms
from
the
past
dated
by
complete BUT
I the AGE
of
rocks where the
fossil
is
found
dirt
the
RATE
of
DECAY
of
isotopes
including
carbon
3
GEOGRAPHICAL
data
physical
phenotypes
of
species morphological homologies
biochemical
chemical composition
of
living
things
y
exh
comparison
of
biomolecules
DNA or proteins homologous
vestigial
halogens
environment
mathematical calculations and statistics mates
too
tonight
trauma
ext
models
and
simulations
Trapbbgicalhenobgies
modified traits
shared
among
different
species
Enelegousstructures variation in a structure that was present in a common ancestor
exp
bore structures
of
human arms cat legs
horse legs bat
wings
and dolphin
fins
Testigialstructives reduced or obsolete
featuresthat
senelittle
or no purpose
for
the
organism
exp
hip
bones in whales
OR
leg
bones in
snakes
ORhuman tailbone
Enalogasstructures structures
that
ended independently in
different
species
CAUSES a
similar
environmental
conditions or
selectivepressurf
biotictabiotic influences on
survivability
Kiochemicaleridente
a
comparison of
DNA
nucleotide
sequences
and
proteinamino
acid
sequences
provide
evidence
for
evolutionand common
ancestry
all
living
organisms
shave
some
highly
similar genetic
code
same
highly
similar process
for
gene
expression
same genetic language of
DNA
RNA
the
more
difference
b w organisms
the more
time
has passed since
their
divergence
structuraland
functional
evidence
supports the
relatedness
of organisms
in
all
domains
many
fundamental molecular cellular features
are conserved
majorfeatures
of
the
genetic
code are
shared
by
all
modern
living
systems
metabolic
pathways
are
consered aches
all
domains at produce
ATP
na
ÉnaÉp
caterers
of
geneticinformation through transcription translation
and
replication
structural evidence
supporting
common
ancestry
for
all EUKARYOTES
membrane bound
organelles
chloroplasts t mitochondria herestructural similarities
de ble membrane
circular
genomes
i ribosomes
Endosymbiotietheny
describes
be
a membrane
bad
organelles
evolved
from poverty
pre
living prokaryote
cells
various other eukaryotic
organelles here
similar
structure
function
exhERgolgi
lysosomes
vacuoles
linear
chromosomes
nucleus contains linear
chromosomes contains a
nucleolus
Mchittsates
are made up of
tightly
coiled
DNA
whistone proteins
i capped a telomeres
fond
inside
the miles
genomes
are
large
PROKARYOTES
contain single
circular
chromosomes
occurs in the cytoplasm
genomes are
small
i genes
containing
introns
don't
code
for
proteins
RNAprocessing
removes introns
prior
to protein synthesis
LIFEcontinues
to
evoke within
a
Ding
monument
enhtion
spoon
ongoing
process
in
all
living
organisms
populations
of
organisms
continuetoevolve
exh
finches
of
the galapagos
GENETIC
O over the deed to All species
evolution
mechanisms
of genetic
0
Ds
in DNA
exh
gene
mutations chromosomal
mutations
cell
division
sexual
reproduction increases
gamete diversity
independent
assortment
crossing
over
environmental disruptions
sudden as
in environment
genetic
drift
as in a
hole and
glue
frequencies
WITHw
a
population
continuous as in
fossil
records evidence
of
continued evolution
fossils
provide a record
of
an
organism
over time
EMC
arrange
fossils
in the order
they
weredeposited
new
fossils
mark Is in the
environment
i new selective pressures
can
result
in
Ds in
the
frequency
of
certain adaptations
in a
given
population
transitionfessils
show
evolutionary
Ds as
one
group
evokes
into
another
fossil
records
at
incomplete
chronicles
of
evolutionary
D
gaps
exist in the
fossil
record
results in
DIVERSITY
of
LIFE FORMS
several mechanisms
that
can separate members
of
the
same populationleads to speciation
tepisolation
biological borders
keeping
members
of
2 species
from
interbreeding
and
producing
fertileoffspring
pre
zygotic
t
postzggotic
barriers
prevents
gene flew
blue populations
eprezygotictamers
prevent
production
of
a
fertilized egg
Tabitatistationspecies
occupy
different
habitats
and
rarely
one in
contact
eathinispenters hefting different
times
of
tee
day
seasons or
years
exh
spring
fucking
us
autumn
fucking
Tehowonalisulation
species
here
different
courtship behaviors or
male
preferences
exh
different
hating
calls
Techonicalisolation
reproductive
structural differences prevent successful
mating
and reproduction
ex
the
parts
don't
fit
2
guys
don't
make
a
right
Egmentenisgtones
sperm
of
one species
may
not
be
ableto
fertilize
the
eggs
of
exh
owls and bunnies
Epostmygoticbarriere
prevent
a
zygote
infrom
developing
into
viable
fertile
offspring
Tybordinviabilitymating
results in a
zygote
in
comp
ability
nay
stop
the
development
of
the
zygote
exhstillbirth
Tybeygyffity
a
hybrid
is produced
that's
vigorous
but
sterile
donkey x
house
Tybridbreakdown
firstgen
hybrids
are viableand
fertile
resulting
generations
are
feeble
or sterile
exk
first
gen
mules can
have
babies
Gallopatricspeciationthe
evolution
of
new species
due to
individuals
of
the same
population
being
geographically
isolated over a
long
period
of
time
no
gene
flow
occurs
separationexposes
populations
to
different
selection pressures
Esympiatricspeciation
theevolution
of
a new species
are to individuals
being
reproductively
isolated
from
a surviving
ancestral
population
he
geographic
banners
i
can result
from
genetic
mutations
exppolyploidy
2
sperm
in 7
egg
n
result
from
habitat
differentiation
can result
from
sexual
selection
different
ecological
conditions
impact
the rate
of
evolution
and
speciation
fittest.mg
In iiigiig
species
may
experience w o
for long
periods
of
time
o
ing
ecological
conditions
of
the
stints
gradualism
evolution
occurs
slowly
over hundreds
of
thousands
of years
ecological
conditions
D
gradually
over a
long
period
of
time
Chivergenterftion
the process in which interbreeding species diverged
into at evolutionarygroups
ours when
adaptation
to
new
habitats results th
phenotypic
diversification
speciation
rates canbe
especially rapid
during
times
of
adaptive
radiation as new
habitats become
available
Tereptiveradation
the
emotion
of
new species
that
allens
empty
ecological
roles
or niches
to
be
filled
exh
Darwin's
finches open
hides
in
different
islands
leadto
the
rapid
speciation
of
the
species
different
species of
finches
utilize
differentfood
sources
Extinctionthe
disappearance
of
a species
s t ne
futuregenerations
will
naturally populate
the
earth
naturally
occur
a
part
of
the
history
of
life
on
Earth
can occur on a small
scale her
long
periods
of
time
senes as a marker
for
geological time
duringecological stress extinctions can be
rapid
extinctions can occur on a
large
scale and
wipe
out
large
members
of
species
at a
time
Its i
ext
solar
flaresrising
sea
levels
volcanic eruptions
asteroid
impacts
decreases species diversity
greatly
global
human
activity
drives
catastrophic ecosystem
b
ext
habitat
loss
climate
D habitat
degradation pollution
poaching
invasive species
Ipection
and extinction rates
determine the
amount
of
diversity
in an
ecosystem
high
species biodiversity
can result
from
high
level
speciation
low
level extinction
Earth is
able to
RECOVER
from
large
scale extinction
events
evidenced
by
the
geological record
extinction provides
newly
available
niches
for different
species
Triche
therole
an
organism
plays
within
its environment
role
examples
of
producer
decomposer
scavenger
consumer etc
when
species
go
extinct new arches become mailable
EFFECTS
rapid
speciation
rates
and
adaptive
radiation
I
I É
I
I
E
E
E
body
mass
TEA
in
body
mass
null or
there's no
relationship
b
w
competition for
food
and
her
body
mess
The
mean
body
mass will
not
when
there
is
competition for
food
Altar
The
mean
body
mass
of
both lemur populations
will be
negatively affected by
the
competitor for
fool
