Biochemistry Quiz: DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation, and Protein Structure, Exams of Biology

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1. Which amino acid sequence would result from this Coding DNA strand? 3’ ATG CAG ATA 5’? * 1/

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Tyr Val TyrIle Gln Ile Ile Asp Val Leu His Lys

2. Which amino acid sequence would be made from this template DNA strand? 5’ Feedback The correct answer is Ile Asp Val. We are starting at the coding strand, and have to remember the relationship between coding DNA and mRNA. These two strands are non-complementary and parallel. So we copy the coding strand , change T ---> U, and then write the mRNA sequence: 3’ ATG CAG ATA 5’ coding 3’ AUG CAG AUA 5’ mRNA Mirror by changing orientation: 5’ AUA GAC GUA 3’ Read chart Ile Asp Val (chart is in direction of 5' ---> 3')

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Tyr Tyr Arg Ile Met Ala Ser Val Ile Ser His Gln

3. Which of the following are the correct components for a PCR reaction? * Correct answer

Ser Val Ile

Feedback The correct answer is C because 5’ TAT TAC CGA 3’ template is complementary and antiparallel so 3’ AUA AUG GCU 5’ but it is in the wrong orientation, so mirror 5’ UCG GUA AUA 3’ and read the chart Ser Val Ile

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dNTPs, Primer, RNA Polymerase, template RNA dNTPs, Primer, DNA Polymerase, template DNA ATP, Primer, mRNA polymerase; template mRNA

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5’ AUC GGA ACA 3’

5’ AUA GUA ACA 3’

5’ AUC GUA UAA 3’

5’ AUC CUC ACA 3’

6. If the original coding sequence is 5’ CGA TAC TTC AGA 3’ and it is mutated to 5' CGA TAT TTC AGA 3', what type of mutation would have taken place? * Feedback The correct answer is B AUC GUA ACA Ile Val Thr Ile Gly Thr Missense Ile Val Thr Ile Val STOP nonsense Ile Leu Thr Missense

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Option 1

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Option 2 Option 3

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Option 4

8. The pedigree below tracks Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) through several generations. What type of inheritance does DMD express? * 0/ Autosomal dominantAutosomal recessive X-linked Dominant X- Linked recessive Feedback The correct answer is A because an autosomal dominant disorder would be inherited on numbered chromosomes, not sex chromosomes X or Y. Also, at least one dominant allele (yellow box) needs to be present for the individual to have the dominant disease.

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9. Rett syndrome is a brain disorder that occurs almost exclusively in females, causing severe deficits in language, learning, coordination Correct answer

X- Linked recessive

Feedback The correct answer is x- linked recessive because parents do not have it (II-5-6) but a child does III- 5

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Translation Feedback The correct answer is D

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12. What happens when the incorrect base is added during the synthesis of a DNA strand in DNA replication? *

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15. On a hot summer's day, I was cleaning my garage. My cat Sophiewas out with me, and got into a bottle containing a strong reducing

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agent. Of course I took her straight to the vet. What type of amino acid bonds would be disrupted by exposure to the strong reducing agent? * 1/ Hydrophobic interactionsHydrogen bonds Disulfide bonds Ionic bonds

16. What type of bond can the amino acids below form to stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein? * 1/ Feedback The correct answer are covalent (disulfide) bonds C