Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Biochemistry Notes: Essential Elements, Macromolecules, and Enzyme Kinetics, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Biochemistry

Mississippi State University (MSU)Biochemistry

study guide for principles of biochemistry mississippi state university

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2020/2021

Uploaded on 11/01/2021

billy-24
billy-24 🇺🇸

5

(1)

1 document

1 / 4

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
O,C,H,N,P,S- most important elements for life
Purines-2 rings, Adenine + Guanine
Pyramidines-1 ring, Cytosine + Thymine
Catabolism – breakdown of nutrients, produces ATP
Anabolism – synthesis of larger macromolecules, consumes ATP
Water can form up to 4 H-bonds
Water is universal solvent, useful for temperature regulation and transportation of
nutrients/waste in the body
Dissolves polar substances by attracting the charged areas, forms solvation spheres
Polar groups:
Hydroxyl --OH
Sulfhydryl --SH
Amino –NH2
Carbonyl
Aledhyde –C- -OH
Ketone –C- -O
Carboxyl –COO-
Charged groups
Amino –NH3+
Carboxyl –COO-
Phosphoryl PO42-
Amphiphilic molecules (polar + nonpolar groups) form micelles in water (polar
groups outward nonpolar inside)
Ka= [H3O+][A-] // [HA]
pH= pKa + log [A-]/[HA]
Buffers resist pH change when acid or base is added (weak acid/conjugate base)
pf3
pf4

Partial preview of the text

Download Biochemistry Notes: Essential Elements, Macromolecules, and Enzyme Kinetics and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

O,C,H,N,P,S- most important elements for life Purines-2 rings, Adenine + Guanine Pyramidines-1 ring, Cytosine + Thymine Catabolism – breakdown of nutrients, produces ATP Anabolism – synthesis of larger macromolecules, consumes ATP Water can form up to 4 H-bonds Water is universal solvent, useful for temperature regulation and transportation of nutrients/waste in the body Dissolves polar substances by attracting the charged areas, forms solvation spheres Polar groups: Hydroxyl --OH Sulfhydryl --SH Amino –NH 2 Carbonyl Aledhyde –C- -OH Ketone –C- -O Carboxyl –COO- Charged groups Amino –NH 3 + Carboxyl –COO- Phosphoryl PO 4 2- Amphiphilic molecules (polar + nonpolar groups) form micelles in water (polar groups outward nonpolar inside) Ka= [H 3 O+][A-] // [HA] pH= pKa + log [A-]/[HA] Buffers resist pH change when acid or base is added (weak acid/conjugate base)

Amino Acid structure: Central carbon bonded to : Carboxyl group (COO-), Amino group (NH2), Hydrogen atom, R side chain (variation here) Amino acids in proteins are exclusively L stereoisomers Negative amino acids (Dicarboxylic) (Acidic) Aspartate ( CH2-COO-) Glutamate (CH2-CH2-COO-) Positive amino acids (Basic) Lysine Arginine Histidine Cysteine side chains Sulfur S cross link, form disulfide bridge Helps stabilize 3d tertiary protein structure Isoelectric point: pH value where net charge on molecule is 0 Ionization state of amino acids altered by change in pH pH > pI = negative charge pH< pI = positive charge For A.As with charged side chains: pI = [pKa of side chain + pka of amino acid group with same charge (COO- or NH3+)]/ Non charged side chains: pI = [pKa of COO- + pKa of NH3+]/ Peptide bond – Loss of OH from Carboxyl + H from amino, links amino acids, dehydration (loses water molecule) Peptide- Chain of <50 amino acids Polypeptide- Chain of >50 amino acids Protein – 1 or more polypeptides Protein structure Primary – amino acid sequence Secondary – repeated peptide chains (alpha helicies, beta sheets)

Control activity of existing enzymes – allosteric regulation (allosteric effectors bind to allosteric site, conformational changes, can improve or worsen enzyme activity) Most allosteric enzymes are multi subunit proteins Covalent modification ex. Phosphorylation – addition of phosphate group to a protein (serine, threonine, tyrosine) by protein kinase, can improve or worsen enzyme activity Sigmoidal curve