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BIOD 101

MODULE 3 EXAM & REVIEW GUIDE

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BIOD 101 MODULE 3

EXAM ........................................... 2

BIOD 101 MODULE 3 EXAM REVIEW GUIDE .............

BIOD 101 MODULE 3 EXAM T/F: If false, make the statement true: While ATP can be generated in the absence of oxygen, the amount is

Which of the following is an electron transport in the ETC? Oxygen, Cytochromes, Ubiquinone Where does the entire process of glycolysis occur in the cell? Cytoplasm In reaction 8 of the CAC, _________ is oxidized, and another NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Malate What role does ATP synthase play in the ETC? ATP synthase is responsible for generating ATP through chemiosmosis. The energy payoff phase is also known as an __________ reaction because energy is released in this biochemical reaction. exergonic Which of the following Citric Acid Cycle reactions involves hydrolysis of fumarate to form malate? Reaction 7 Complex 1 of the electron transport chain is often referred to as a _________, which is a specialized protein usually found in mitochondria. Flavoprotein The reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle occur in what part of the cell? Mitochondria T/F: The catalytic knob is the stationary piece of ATP synthase that is anchored into the lipid bilayer. False; The stator is the stationary piece of ATP synthase that is anchored into the lipid bilayer.

What is the first step in the process of cellular respiration? Glycolysis What overall two-step process do the complexes of the Electron Transport Chain carry out to generate ATP? Oxidative phosphorylation Which reaction of the citric acid cycle results in the production of succinate? Reaction 5 What are the two main forms of fermantation? Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation What is substrate level phosphorylation? substrate level phosphorylation is the metabolic process of ATP being formed from the direct transfer of a phosphate group from an organic substrate. As more and more protons enter the intermembrane space, the concentration of protons increases creating the ______________. proton-motive force Reaction 4 of the citric acid cycle results in the formation of which intermediate? Succinyl CoA Which type of chemical reaction is used to join monomers in order to form polysaccharides and involves the loss of only water molecules? Dehydration

The first step of the CAC is a ____________ phase sometimes simply called ______ oxidation. preparatory phase; Pyruvate T/F: The ETC is an anabolic pathway Fasle: The ETC is a catabolic pathway How does the ETC generate ATP? The ETC does not directly produce any ATP. However, establishing a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane will lead to the production of ATP via ATP synthase Explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of generating ATP via a two-step process that involves (1) the oxidation of the high- energy end products NADH and FADH2 from the CAC and (2) the phosphorylation and conversion of ADP into ATP

BIOD 101 MODULE 3 EXAM REVIEW

GUIDE

What role do electron carriers play in the electron transport chain? Electron carriers experience changes in electronegativity as they accept (reduced) and then donate (oxidized) electrons. Which type of chemical reaction is used to join monomers in order to form polysaccharides and involves the loss of only water molecules? Dehydration Describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism refers to sum of all the synthetic energy-requiring biochemical reactions. Catabolism refers to the sum of all the

energy-releasing degradation biochemical reactions Compare and contrast aerobic and anerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration involves the consumption of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration can proceed in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration yields the greatest amount of ATP and is the primary metabolic process used in the human body What are the three distinct processes of cellular respiration? Where do each occur in the cell? Cellular respiration, in its entirety, can be thought of as three, distinct processes of (1) glycolysis, (2) the citric acid cycle, and the (3) electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain take place in the mitochondria Describe the products of each of the two main phases of glycolysis The first phase is known as the energy investment phase because two ATP molecules are used (recall the intent is to be making ATP, not using it) to split one glucose molecule into two intermediary molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). The second phase is known as the energy payoff phase, which results in the production of 2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 2 pyruvate molecules What is the purpose of the Citric Acid Cycle? What are the main components of the CAC? The Citric Acid Cycle (CAC), which can also be referred to as the Krebs Cycle, generates high energy molecules (NADH and FADH2) that will be later used to generate ATP in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). The CAC involves a preparatory phase plus eight biochemical reactions Why is the CAC considered a cycle? The CAC is referred to as a cycle because it begins and ends with a molecule of oxaloacetate True or False: Reaction 5 of the CAC results in the formation of citrate. False; Reaction 1 of the CAC results in the formation of citrate. Reaction 5 results in formation of succinate What occurs in Reaction 8 of the CAC? Malate is oxidized, and another NAD+ is reduced to NADH. The oxidation of malate results in the regeneration of oxaloacetate, thus bringing the cycle back to its beginning

Which of the following chemical reactions requires energy and occurs when two or more monomers are joined together, resulting in the loss of a water molecule, and possibly other small molecules? Dehydration condensation What is another name for the citric acid cycle? Krebs cycle __________ refers ti the sum of all the energy-releasing degradation biochemical reactions, while _________ refers to the sum of all the synthetic energy-requiring biochemical reactions catabolism, anabolism Citrate is produced during what reaction of the citric acid cycle Reaction one Glucose 6-phosphate high energy intermediate formed by hexokinase Fructose 1,6-Biphosphate Produced by phosphofructokinase Fructose 6-phosphate Converted form G6P by phophoglucoisomerase Glucose 3-phosphate produced by aldolase What is the electron transport chain composed of and where does it take place? The etc is comprised of a series of proteins, termed complex I through IV, embedded within the mitochondrial matrix. True or false: it's false, make the statement. True: anaerobic respiration is the primary metabolic process used in the human body. False, aerobic respiration is the primary metabolic process used in the human body Why is the citric acid cycle considered a cycle? The CAC is referred to as a cycle because it begins and ends with a molecule of oxaloacetate

What are the three electron carriers found in each complex of the electron transport chain ubiquinone (Q), cytochromes (Cyt), and oxygen (O2) True or false; it's false, make the statement. True: glycolysis can only occur in the presence of oxygen. False, glycolysis can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen True or false; or false, make the statement. True: in reaction, eight of the citric acid cycle, succinate is oxidized.. False, in reaction eight of the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized _________ is responsible for generating ATP through chemiosmosis ATP synthase What are the two main phases of glycolysis? The energy investment phase in the energy payoff phase Which of the following citric acid cycle reactions involve hydrolysis of fumarate to form malate Reaction seven At which complex of the electron transport chain is oxygen reduced to water complex IV True or false; it's false, make the statement. True: does citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria of the Cell True Who is the four main parts of ATP synthase? stator, rotor, the internal rod, and the catalytic knob What are the three processes that make up cellular respiration? Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain What is oxidative phosphorylation? Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of generating ATP via a two-step process that involves 1. the oxidation of high energy and products, NADH and FADH2 from the citric acid cycle and 2. phosphorylation and conversion of ADP into ATP

Anabolism refers to the sum of all synthetic energy-requiring biochemical reactions. Catabolism refers to the sum of all the energy-releasing degradation biochemical reactions. Aerobic respiration involves the consumption of oxygen. yields the greatest amount of ATP and is the primary metabolic process used in the human body. Anaerobic respiration can proceed in the absence of oxygen.