BIOD 102 Biology II Module 2 Exam Portage Learning Questions and Answers 2024/25 (Verified, Exams of Biology

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Match each term with the correct definition. Correct! (^) endocrine signaling Correct! (^) paracrine signaling Correct! (^) autocrine signaling Correct! (^) synaptic signaling Correct! (^) neuroendocrine signaling

Question 1 5 /^5 pts

long distance type; ligand local type; ligand (usually local type; cell releasing t local type; ligand travels long distance type; ligand

BIOD 102 Biology II Module 2 Exam Portage Learning Questions and

Answers 2024/25 (Verified Answers)

Due No due date Points 100 Questions 39 Time Limit 120

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Attempt History

Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 120 minutes 76.17 out of 100

Score for this quiz: 76.17 out of

100 Submitted Jul 17 at 2:35pm This attempt took 120 minutes.

Paracrine Your Answer: Paracrine signaling Identify the type of signaling shown in the figure: Question 2 2 /^2 pts Correct! (^) False True True or False. Intracellular signaling is a type of cellular communication that occurs among two or more cells. Question 3 2 /^2 pts

Multiple Choice: Question 4 2 /^2 pts

Endocrine function for regulatory processes include each of the following except: Blood pressure Blood volume Correct! (^) Vision Energy metabolism Growth Sexual reproduction Correct! Synaptic Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine Multiple Choice: Insignaling, the ligand is not transported through the blood, but is transported by di Question 5 2 /^2 pts Question 6 2 /^2 pts

True or False. During autocrine signaling, the ligand is transported through the bloo secreted. True Correct! (^) False Correct! Neurotransmitters Neuron Exocrine Endocrine Multiple Choice: cells are the secreting cell-type during synaptic signaling. Question 7 2 /^2 pts Fill in the blank. signaling is characterized by ligands, manufactured and stored within blood to reach the target cell. Your Answer: paracrine Question 8 0 /^2 pts

Neuroendocrine Pheromones Your Answer: Pheromones Fill in the blank. are ligands that are released into the external environment by anima claim territory. Question 9 2 /^2 pts Fill in the blank. Generally, receptors for1ligands are located in the plasma membran to receptors inside of the cell. Your Answer: G-protein coupled receptors intracellular receptro Question 10 0 /^3 pts

hydrophilic hydrophobic external/cell surface (GPCR is also acceptable answer) cell surface AND intracellular (need both answers) intracellular Your Answer: external G-protein cell surface receptor or if lipid soluble will bind to intracellular receptor do not bind to cell surface but bind intracellularly to directly change gene expressio Listed below are the types of hormone ligands. Name the type of receptor that each polypeptide amine steroid Question 11 3 /^3 pts Multiple Choice: Question 12 2 /^2 pts

Water soluble hormones, composed of short chains of amino acids that bind to extracellular receptors of target cells, are of which class? Steroid Correct! (^) Polypeptide Amine Correct! False True True or False. Amine hormones may be either water or lipid soluble and share characteristics of both polypeptide and steroid classes of hormones. Question 13 2 /^2 pts Steroid Your Answer: steroid Fill in the blank. hormones are a class that is characterized as non-polar, lipid soluble receptors of target cells. Question 14 2 /^2 pts

Correct! Correct! Correct! activation of neighboring receptors activation of neighboring cells alteration of enzyme activity second messenger activation change in cell membrane permeability The binding of a ligand to receptor can cause the following (select all that apply): Question 15 2 /^2 pts Order the events as they occur during epinephrine signaling in hepatocytes (1 is the first event, and 6 is the final). Correct! (^1) Correct! (^2) ou Answered (^3) Correct Answer (^) adenylyl cyclase is activated ou Answered (^4) Question 16 2.5^ /^5 pts adenylyl cyclase activate epinephrine binds to a G epinephrine travels thro

Correct Answer (^) adenylyl cyclase activates cAMP ou Answered (^5) Correct Answer (^) cAMP activates protein kinase A Correct! 6 protein kinase A inhibits adenylyl cyclase is activa cAMP activates protein Question (^17 5) / 5 pts Below is a signal transduction pathway that pertains to the production of vitellogenin in birds and frogs. Fill in the missing terms: Estradiol, a 1 hormone, is transported to the target cell. It migrates through the 2 and binds to the estradiol receptor located in the 3. Once bound, the 4 translocates into the nucleus. The complex will attach to a specific gene along the DNA. Binding causes the 5 of mRNA for a protein, vitellogenin. Your Answer:

1. hydrophobic
2. plasma membrane
3. cytosol

4. receptor horomone complex

5. transcription hydrophobic plasma membrane cytosol receptor-hormone complex transcription Correct! Release of glucagon Release of insulin Promotion of glucagon synthesis Inhibition of glycogen synthesis Multiple Choice: The binding of epinephrine to a hepatocyte has an end result of: Question 18 2 /^2 pts Multiple Choice: Autocrine and paracrine signaling are associated with each of the following ligands exc Question 19 2 /^2 pts

cytokines prostaglandins Correct! (^) estrogen nitrous oxide inhibitory Your Answer: inhibitory neurotransmitters Fill in the blank. Neurotransmitters that increase the electrical threshold of the post-synaptic cell are classified as. Question 20 2 /^2 pts naanssweereded . Question 21 0 /^4 pts The following paragraph pertains to neurotransmitter signaling. One key event has been omitted. Explain the missing event. Neurotransmitters are synthesized and stored within synaptic vesicles at the axon terminal. An electrical impulse is propagated down the axon, and the permeability of the axon terminal is changed. The neurotransmitter ligand binds to extracellular ion- gated ligand channels on the postsynaptic cell.

Calcium flows into the cell, causing the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic clef Correct! chloride calcium potassium sodium Multiple Choice: What ion flows into the pre-synaptic cell causing the release of neurotransmitter fro Question 22 2 /^2 pts Multiple Choice: The key difference among the classes of neurotransmitters and neurohormones is: structure function Correct! (^) signaling range Question 23 2 /^2 pts

none of the above hypothalamus pituitary gland Your Answer: anterior pituatory target cells Fill in the blank. The1excretes releasing hormones which bind to receptors of the2. Question 24 0 /^2 pts Fill in the blank. Endocrine glands secrete their hormones into a/the 1while exocrine organs secrete their products into a/the2. Your Answer: extracellular fluid or bloodstream duct system Question 25 1 /^2 pts

bloodstream duct Question (^26 5) / 5 pts Identify the organs or glands numbered in the figure below. Your Answer:

1. pineal gland
2. pituatory gland
3. parathyroid glands or thyroid glands( hard to see which one it is pointing at)
4. adrenal glands
5. pancreas
6. ovaries

Pineal Hypothalamus Thyroid Adrenal Pancreas Ovary Correct! None of the above All of the above Steroid class Amine class Peptide class Multiple Choice: Structurally, neurohormones can be: Question 27 2 /^2 pts

Multiple Choice: The hypothalamus usessignaling to communicate with the . Question 28 2 /^2 pts

Correct! (^) local; pituitary long distance; pituitary local; pineal adenohypophysis neurohypophysis Your Answer: adenohypophysis neurohypophysis Fill in the blanks. The anterior pituitary is the1 , and the posterior pituitary is the2. Question 29 2 /^2 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following are components of a simple endocrine pathway except: stimulus endocrine cell Question 30 0 /^2 pts

hormone orrect Answer (^) positive feedback ou Answered (^) response target cell or tissue oxytocin hormone milk release response suckling stimulus smooth muscle of mammary glands target cells Your Answer: oxytocin - hormone milke release - response suckling - stimulus target In the following, identify the role (hormone, stimulus, target, or response) of each d oxytocin milk release suckling smooth muscle of mammary glands Question 31 3 /^3 pts

orrect Answe ou Answered positive feedback non-tropic r tropic Multiple Choice: effects describe the cascade of events that occurs from the hypothalamus to spec Question 32 0 /^2 pts ou Answered orrect Answe r False True True or False. The hormones involved in the hypothalamic pituitary are non-tropic in nature. Question 33 0 /^2 pts Order the events as they occur in the regulation of thyroid hormone. Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) causes release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroid hormone levels increase Question 34 1.67^ /^5 pts

C. Thyroid levels drop D. TSH stimulates thyroid to release T 3 and T 4 E.Thyroid hormones block release of TRH release and TSH release F. Hypothalamus secretes TRH, which is carried to anterior pituitary Coorrrectct! (^1) Coorrrectct! (^2) oou Annswwerered (^3) Correct Answer (^) A oou Annswwerered^4 Correct Answer (^) D oou Annswwerered (^5) Correct Answer (^) B oou Annswwerered^6 Correct Answer (^) E F C

Match each term on the left with its appropriate action. Response detected Stimulus T4) Target cells Hormones a. Low thyroid hormone levels are TSH and Thyroid hormones (T3 and thyroid gland and body cells thyroid hormone levels increase Correct! (^1) Correct! (^2) Correct! (^3) Correct! (^4) Question 35 4 /^4 pts b c a d

Multiple Choice: Antibodies mistakenly bind to cells of the thyroid gland and the thyroid releases T3 hypothyroidism Question 36 2 /^2 pts

Correct! (^) Grave’s disease Hashimotos disease hyperthyroidism Question (^37 2) / 2 pts (short answer) What part (if any) of the negative feedback loop is not functioning properly during Grave’s disease? Your Answer: overproduction of thryoid hormone. excess hormone. the thyroid hormone eremains in homeostasis by negative feedback mechanism. there is a defect in teh feedback loop in teh hypothalmaus. leads to eccess of thyroid hormone and result in graves disease. The loop is feeding back and the hypothalamus and pituitary stop secreting TRH and TSH. The error occurs because antibodies are competitively binding to thyroid tissue and causing the release of thyroid hormone into the blood.