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BIOD 103 Module 3 quick revision questions and
answers.
What is the primary organ of the integumentary system? - ANSWERthe skin Name the four functions of the skin - ANSWERThe four functions of the skin are protection, sensation, secretion, and temperature regulation What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? - ANSWERstratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum What are the two layers of the skin? - ANSWERepidermis and dermis What is the protein that makes up the majority of hair and nails? - ANSWERkeratin What gives the skin its pigment? - ANSWERmelanin What are Langerhans cells, and what is their function? - ANSWERLangerhans cells are cells of the immune system that are found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. Their function is to protect the body from invading microorganisms What accessory structures of the integumentary system are found in the dermis? - ANSWERHair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
What are the parts of the hair? Where can hair be found? What is the function of the arrector pili muscle? - ANSWERThe hair is made up of the root growing out of the hair follicle and the shaft which is the visible portion of the hair. Hair can be found all over the body except for the lips, palms and soles, and the penis. The function of the arrector pili muscle is to contract in reaction to cold or an emotion to form goosebumps Where are nails found? What are they made of? What is the function of the nail? What are the sections of the nail? What is the eponychium? What is the lunula? - ANSWERNails are found on the ends of the fingers and toes. They are made of keratin. The function of the nail is for protection for the tips of the fingers and toes. The sections of the nail are the root and the nail bed. The eponychium is a fold of epithelial tissue over the base of the nail body. The lunula is the crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail body that is lighter than the rest of the nail What are sebaceous glands? What is their function? - ANSWERSebaceous glands are oil-secreting glands in the skin. Their function is to secrete sebum to lubricate the hair and the nails What is the function of sweat glands? What are the two types of sweat glands found in the body? What are the main differences between these two glands? - ANSWERSweat functions to cool the body through evaporation of moisture. The two types of sweat glands found in the body are the merocrine and apocrine sweat glands.
d. Thick skin condition e. Red skin condition f. White skin condition - ANSWERA) scleroderma B) xanthoderma C) xeroderma D) pachyderma E) erythroderma F) leukoderma Use the combining form dermat/o, meaning skin, and the suffixes a. Skin inflammation b. Study of the skin c. One who studies the skin d. Surgical repair of the skin e. Abnormal skin fungus condition f. Hardened skin condition - ANSWERA) Dermatitis B) Dermatology C) Dermatologist D) Dermatoplasty E) Dermatomycosis F) Dermatosclerosis Use the combining form hidr/o, meaning sweat, and the suffixes
a. Abnormal sweating condition b. Abnormal condition with a lack of sweating c. Sweat gland inflammation d. Abnormal condition of excessive sweating - ANSWERA) Hidrosis B) Anhidrosis C) Hidradenosis D) Hyperhidrosis Use the combining form lip/o, meaning fat, and the suffixes a. Surgical removal of fat b. Fat tumor c. Fat cell - ANSWERA) Lipectomy B) Lipoma C) Lipocyte Use the combining form onch/o, meaning nail, the suffixes a. Surgical removal of a nail b. Abnormal softening of a nail c. Abnormal nail fungus condition d. Nail eating or biting e. Excessive nail growth condition - ANSWERA) Onchectomy
- Varicella zoster: varicella zoster, viral, yes vax, macules/papules/vesicles/crusts What are the different types of burns? What layers of the skin do they involve? - ANSWERA first-degree burn only affects the epidermis and results in erythema without blisters. A second-degree burn extends through the epidermis and into the dermis. This causes blisters to form and is also called a partial thickness burn. A third-degree burn is a full thickness burn and extends through the epidermis, dermis, and the underlying tissues Who is at risk for developing decubitus ulcers? - ANSWERPatients who are non-ambulatory and bedridden are at high risk for forming these ulcers What is the difference between acne and acne rosacea? Who is more likely to develop these conditions? - ANSWERAcne is more common in teenagers. It is the development of pustules and papules in the skin of the face and back. Adults can develop acne rosacea which is chronic acne. It is the development of tiny pimples and broken blood vessels on the cheeks and nose What are the two divisions of the skeleton? What general body regions do these divisions contain. - ANSWERThe axial and appendicular skeleton are the two divisions of the skeleton. The axial skeleton contains the bones at the core of the body-the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.
The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the appendages of body, the shoulder girdle, arms, and hands, the pelvic girdle, legs, and feet Name the 5 classifications of bones based on shape and give an example of each. - ANSWER1. Flat bone, examples: scapula, sternum, skull, parts of the pelvis
- Long bones, examples: bones of the arms and legs-tibia and fibula, femur, humerus, ulna, radius
- Short bones, examples: bones of the wrist and ankles
- Irregular, examples: vertebrae, bones in the ear
- Sutural, examples: bones located between the sutures of the skull Describe the functions of bones. - ANSWERBones form the framework for the body for structure and movement, protect internal organs, store minerals such as calcium and phosphate, and serve as the place where blood cells are formed What are the accessory structures of the skeletal system? - ANSWERThe tendons, ligaments, and cartilage What are the functions of muscles? - ANSWERMuscles enable the body to move from one place to another, produce heat, and maintain stability and posture
a. Procedure to withdraw fluid from a joint b. Joint fusion c. Joint inflammation d. Process of visually examining a joint e. Joint pain - ANSWERA) Arthrocentesis B) Arthrodesis C) Arthritis D) Arthroscopy E) Arthralgia Use the combining form chondr/o, meaning cartilage, and the suffixes a. Pertaining to cartilage b. Cartilage inflammation c. Surgical removal of cartilage d. Abnormal cartilage softening e. Surgical repair of cartilage - ANSWERA) Chrondral B) Chondritis C) Chondrectomy D) Chondromalacia E) Chondroplasty Use the combining form crani/o, meaning skull, the suffixes
a. Pertaining to the skull b. Pertaining to within the skull c. Cutting into the skull d. Surgical repair of the skull e. Softening of the skull - ANSWERA) Cranial B) Intracranial C) Craniotomy D) Cranioplasty E) Craniomalacia Use the suffix - kinesia, meaning movement and the prefixes a. Slow movement b. Difficult or abnormal movement c. Excessive movement - ANSWERA) bradykinesia B) dyskinesia C) hyperkinesia The combining forms muscul/o and my/o both mean muscle. Use these combining forms and the suffixes a. Pertaining to a muscle b. Pertaining to within a muscle c. Muscle pain d. A record of muscle's electricity
a. Bursitis b. Tendinitis c. Fasciitis d. Myositis - ANSWERA) inflammation of the bursa B) inflammation of a tendon C) Inflammation of fascia D) Inflammation of the muscle Name and describe the 5 types of bone fractures? - ANSWER1. Closed fractures do not involve a break in the skin
- Open fractures do involve a break in the skin
- Comminuted fracture is where the bone is shattered
- Transverse fracture is where the shaft of a long bone is broken
- Compression fracture is where two bones are pressed together What types of fractures are common in children? - ANSWERGreenstick and epiphyseal fractures are common in children Describe carpal tunnel syndrome. - ANSWERThis is a syndrome of pain, soreness, tenderness, weakness, numbness, and tingling of the hand and
wrist due to compression of the median nerve where it goes underneath a ligament that connects the wrist bones What is the difference between an arthrocentesis and an arthroscopy? - ANSWERAn arthrocentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from a joint, and an arthroscopy is a surgical procedure to examine the inside of a joint with a camera What is the term for a repair of a joint? What joints are commonly surgically repaired due to the damage due to osteoarthritis? - ANSWERAn arthroplasty is a surgical repair of a joint. It is common for the hips and knees to be repaired as a patient ages Which abnormal spine curve causes a "hunchback? - ANSWERKyphosis Uric acid crystals form in the small joints of the hands and feet in what disease? - ANSWERGout What is the term for a surgical fusion of the spine? - ANSWERSpondylosyndesis Define the following words found in italics. a. Osteomyelitis b. Wound culture c. Ulcer d. Pedal
Which layer of the skin contains the blood vessels and nerves? - ANSWERThe dermis From a pathophysiologic standpoint, how did the patient develop osteomyelitis of her heel bone from this ulcer? - ANSWERAn ulcer is an erosion through the epidermis, dermis, and underlying , which allowed the bacteria access to both the bloodstream and the subcutaneous tissue. This included the heel bone. Calcane/o is the combining form meaning the heel. Identify the specific area of the body by the following combining forms. a. Carp/o b. Fibul/o c. Ischi/o d. Phalang/o e. Spondyl/o - ANSWERA) wrist B) fibula, lower leg bone C) ischium, part of the pelvis D) Phalanges, fingers and toes E) Vertebrae, spine A) Define amputation. B) What are two common medical abbreviations associated with an amputation? - ANSWERA) An amputation is a surgical or traumatic removal of a limb or other projecting part of the body.
B) AKA is an abbreviation that means above the knee amputation; BKA is an abbreviation that means below the knee amputation.
