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BIOD 171 Final Exam: Biology Key Concepts Review, Exams of Nutrition

Bergen Community CollegeNutrition

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts in biology, particularly focusing on cellular structures, functions, and metabolic processes. It serves as a valuable resource for students preparing for their final exam in biod 171, offering insights into essential topics such as cell biology, biochemistry, and energy metabolism. True/false questions, multiple choice questions, and short answer questions, providing a comprehensive review of the course material.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/30/2025

Nursebrahim01
Nursebrahim01 🇺🇸

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1a/a25
BIOD 171 Final Exam Questions With Reviewed
Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED A+ 100%
COMPLETE
1. True/False.aAavirusaisaconsideredaaamicroorganism.:aFalse
(Virusesaareanotalivingaandaasasuchaareanotaconsideredamicroorganisms.aVirusesacan,aho
wever,abeaclassifiedaasamicrobes,aaamoreageneralatermathataincludesamicroorgan-
aismsaandaviruses.)
2. Whataisatheasmallestabiologicalaunitaofalife?:aAacell
3. Whataareatheafouramainatypesaofamacromoleculesafoundainacells?:aProteins,aLip
ids,aNucleicaAcids,aCarbohydrates
4. Howamanyadifferentatypesaofaaminoaacidsaareaavailableafromawhichatoamakeapr
oteins?:a20
5. Defineaanaessentialaaminoaacid.:aAnaessentialaaminoaacidacannotabeaproducedabya
theahumanabodyaandaasasuchamustabeatakeainafromatheaenvironmentathroughaalternativ
easourcesa(i.e)afood.
6. Whataareatheatwoamajoratypesaofanucleicaacidsaandatheiraroles?:aThereaareatwoam
ajoratypesaofanucleicaacids:aDNAa(deoxyribonucleicaacid)aandaRNAa(ribonucleicaacid).aNu
cleicaacidsaareachemicalamoleculesathatacarryageneticainformationawithinatheacell.aDNAaco
ntainsaaavastaamountaofahereditaryainformationaandaisaresponsibleaforatheainheritableacha
racteristicsaofalivingaorganisms.aRNAaisaresponsibleaforadecipheringatheahereditaryainfor
mationainaDNAaandausingaitatoasynthesizeaproteins.
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BIOD 171 Final Exam Questions With Reviewed

Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED A+ 100%

COMPLETE

  1. True/False.aAavirusaisaconsideredaaamicroorganism.:aFalse (Virusesaareanotalivingaandaasasuchaareanotaconsideredamicroorganisms.aVirusesacan,a ho wever,abeaclassifiedaasamicrobes,aaamoreageneralatermathataincludesamicroorgan- a ismsaandaviruses.)
  2. Whataisatheasmallestabiologicalaunitaofalife?:aAacell
  3. Whataareatheafouramainatypesaofamacromoleculesafoundainacells?:aProteins,a Lip ids,aNucleicaAcids,aCarbohydrates
  4. Howamanyadifferentatypesaofaaminoaacidsaareaavailableafromawhichatoamakea pr oteins?:a 20
  5. Defineaanaessentialaaminoaacid.:aAnaessentialaaminoaacidacannotabeaproducedabya theahumanabodyaandaasasuchamustabeatakeainafromatheaenvironmentathrougha alternativ easourcesa(i.e)afood.
  6. Whataareatheatwoamajoratypesaofanucleicaacidsaandatheiraroles?:aThereaarea twoam ajoratypesaofanucleicaacids:aDNAa(deoxyribonucleicaacid)aandaRNAa(ribonucleica acid).aNu cleicaacidsaareachemicalamoleculesathatacarryageneticainformationawithinathea cell.aDNAaco ntainsaaavastaamountaofahereditaryainformationaandaisaresponsibleaforathea inheritableacha racteristicsaofalivingaorganisms.aRNAaisaresponsibleaforadecipheringa theahereditaryainfor mationainaDNAaandausingaitatoasynthesizeaproteins.
  1. CompleteatheafollowingaDNAastrand,aandaindicateahowamanyabondsaarea fo rmedaforaeachacomplementaryapair: 3'aGGTCATCGa5' 5'aCC AGCa3':a3'aGGTCATCGa5' 5'aCCAGTAGCa3' Thereaarea 2 abondsaformedabetweenaAaandaT,aanda 3 abondsabetweenaGaandaC.
  2. Theaplasmaamembranea(selectaallathataareatrue): A. Onlyarestrictsamovementaofamaterialsaintoatheacell B. Isaoftenaaabilayeracomprisedaofalipids C. Cannotapreventaessentialanutrientsafromaescaping D. Containsahydrophobicatailsapointingainward:aB.aIsaoftenaaabilayeracomprisedaofa lipi ds D.aContainsahydrophobicatailsapointingainward
  3. Carbon,ahydrogen,aandaoxygenaatomsacomeatogetheratoaformawhataprimarya m acromolecule?aGiveaanaexample.:aCarbohydrates.

A. Mushrooms B. Bacteria C.aYeast D.aMolds:aMushrooms,ayeast,aandamolds

  1. TrueaoraFalse:aAadefiningacharacteristicaofaProtistaaisatheainabilityaofa co loniesatoaformatissuealayers.:aTrue
  2. Theafunctionaofathealysosomeaisa(selectaallathataapply): A. Lipidasynthesis B. Proteinasynthesis C. Toaproduceaenergya(ATP) D. Proteinamodificationaandadistribution E. Wasteadisposalaviaahydrolyticaenzymes:aWasteadisposalaviaahydrolyticaenzymes

(Lysosomesaareamembrane-enclosedaorganellesacapableaofadegradingaunwanted cellularadebris).

  1. Identifyatheafollowingacellularacomponentsabyamatchingatheanumberawitha th eadescription.:a1.aNucleus
  2. Lysosome
  3. Plasmaamembrane
  4. Golgiaapparatus
  5. RoughaEndoplasmicareticulum
  6. Theacombinationaofatheacellamembraneaandatheaouteramembraneaisareferreda toa asathea(selectaallathataapply): A. Cellawall B. Capsid C. Cellaenvelope D. Outeraleaflet:aCellaenvelope Theacellawallaisaalsoaknowaasathea'outeramembrane'aandadoesanotaapply.aAacapsidaisarelati veatoaaavirus.aTheaouteraleafletaisaonlyaaapartialadescriptionaofatheacellamembrane.
  7. TheafunctionaofatheaGolgiaisa(selectaallathataapply): A. Lipidasynthesis B. Proteinasynthesis C. Toaproduceaenergya(ATP) D. Proteinamodificationaandadistribution E. Wasteadisposalaviaahydrolyticaenzymes:aProteinamodificationaandadistribution
  1. Whataisatheatermaforametalaionsathataassistaenzymesaduringatheacatalysis reaction?:aCofactorsaareausuallyametalaionsaandaassistaenzymesaduringatheacatalysisa rea ctions.
  2. Defineaanabolism.:aAnabolismaisatheaprocessaofabuildingaupaorabiosynthesisaofa m acromoleculesafromasmallamolecularaunitsaintoamuchalargeracomplexes.
  3. Inaorderatoaconvertaproteinsaintoaaminoaacidsawhichametabolicaprocessa woul dabeaactive?:aCatabolismawouldabeaactiveaasaproteinsaareamadeaupaofaaminoa acids.aTh ereforeatheaprocessadescribeda(proteinsaintoaaminoaacids)aisatheabreakdown,a oracatabolis maofaprotein.
  4. DescribeatheaenergyatransferaprocessarelativeatoabothaATPaandaADP.:aATPahasat heaenergya(phosphateagroup)atoadonateawhileaADPacanaacceptaenergyainathea formaofaaap hosphateagroup.aThus,aATPacanabeadephosphorylateda(ATPaöaADPa+aPi),awhileaADPaca nabeaphosphorylatedaintoaATPa(ADPa+aPiaöaATP).
  5. Fromawhatasourceadoachemotrophsaacquireaenergy?:aChemotrophsaacquirea e nergyafromapreformedachemicalsafoundainatheaenvironment.
  6. Anaorganismathataderivesaitsaenergyabyaremovingaelectronsafromaelementala su lfurawouldabeaclassifiedaasaa ?:aLithotroph
  7. Thisaphosphorylationaprocessaoccursainatheamitochondriaaofachemotropica e ukaryotes. A. Substrate-levelaphosphorylation B. Photophosphorylation C. Oxidativeaphosphorylation:aOxidativeaphosphorylation
  8. Theacatabolismaofaaasingleamoleculeaofaglucoseagoesathroughawhata 3 a distincta transitions?:aTheabreakdownaofaglucoseagoesathrougha(1)aGlycolysisathen

(2)aFermentationaoraRespirationaandafinallyathrougha(3)atheaelectronatransportachaina (E TC).

  1. Whataisatheamostaenergeticatransitionainatheacatabolismaofaglucose?:aThea ele ctronatransportachainayieldsa 34 aATPawhileabothaglycolysisaandafermentationa(orarespira tion)aeachayieldaonlya 2 aATP.
  2. Identifyatheareactantsaofatheafollowingachemicalaequation: Glucosea+a2NAD+a ’ a 2 aNADHa+a 2 aPyruvatea+a 2 aATP:aTheareactantsaareatoathealeftaofatheaar row:aGlucoseaanda2NAD+
  3. Whataareatheamainatwoarolesaofaglucose- 6 - phosphateainatheacell?:aGlu-a cose- 6 - phosphate,aalsoaknownaasaG6Pa(1)apreventsaglucoseafromadiffusingaoutaofa theacellaasa wellaasa(2)aservesaasatheasignalamoleculeatoatheacellathataglycolysisaisa aboutatoabegin
  4. TrueaoraFalse:aInatheaabsenceaofaoxygenafermentationaproducesa 2 aATP.:a- False

10 A. Lipases B. Transferases C. Ligases D. Proteases:aLipasesaandaproteases (Proteasesabreakdownaproteinsawhilealipasesabreakdownalipids.)

  1. TrueaoraFalse.aThea²- oxidationapathwayacatabolizesatheafattyaacidachainsaofalipids.:aTrue
  2. Describeathearelationshipabetweenachloroplastsaandachlorophyll.:aBotha chlor oplastsaandachlorophyllaareaassociatedawithaphotosynthesis.aChloroplastsaarea theadou bleamembrane- enclosedaorganellesathatacontainatheaphotosyntheticapigmenta chlorophyll.
  3. TrueaoraFalse:aChloroplastsaareaspecificatoaalgaeaandaplants.:aTrue

11

  1. Theaprocessaofacarbonafixationabeginsawithawhichaofatheafollowingareac- tants?aSelectaallathataapply. A. CO B. H2O C. Glyceraldehyde- 3 - phosphate D. ATP E. NADPH:aCO2,aH2O,aATP,aNADPH (CarbonafixationausesatheaATP/NADPHaproducedaduringalightareactionsatoaconvertaCO 2 aandaH2Oaintoausefulasourcesaofaenergya(carbohydrates.))
  2. Whataisatrueapertainingatoathealightareactionsaofaphotosynthesis?aSelectaalla th ataapply. A. Itaisatheasecondastepaofaphotosynthesis B. ResultsainatheaformationaofaNADPaandaADP C. Processaresultsainaaaprotonaconcentrationagradient D. ItaisaknownaasatheaCalvinacycle E. Itaisatheafirstastepaofaphotosynthesis F. Resultsainatheaformationaofacarbohydrates

13 E.aItaisatheafirstastepaofaphotosynthesis H. ResultsainatheaformationaofaATPaandaNADPH I. Occursainatheamembrane J. Itaconvertsalightaenergyaintoachemicalaenergy L.aItaisaknownaasaphotophosphorylation

  1. TrueaoraFalse:aTheaCalvinacycleamustaoccurainatheaabsenceaofalight.:aFalse (Theaterma'darkareactions'a(alsoaknownaasatheaCalvinaCycle)asimplyadenotesathea secon dastageainaphotosynthesis— darkareactionsadoanotaactuallyarequireadarknessa inaorderatoaoccur.)
  2. Howamanyaturnsa(orarepititions)aofatheaCalvinaCycleaarearequiredatoageneratea on eamoleculeaofaglucose?:a 6
  3. Completeatheafollowingaequationabyaplacingatheaappropriateanumbersa w hereaindicated. a CO2a+ ATPa+ NADPHa+ H20a ’ aC6H12O6a+ ADPa+ NADP+:a1.a 6 a2.a 18 3.a 12 4.a 12 5.a 18 6.a 12

14 6 aCO2a+a 18 aATPa+a 12 aNADPHa+a 12 aH20a-->aC6H12O6a+a 18 aADPa+a 12 aNADP+

  1. Matchatheafollowingareactionsatoaitsacorrespondingaenzyme:
  2. Aa B+H2O’A aOH+BaH
  3. Aa B’B aA
  4. A+B’A aB
  5. Aa B’A+ B:a1.aHydrolases
  6. Isomerases
  7. Ligases
  8. Lyases
  9. TrueaoraFalse:aAananometera(10-9)aisalongerathanaaamicrometera(10- 6).:aFalsea (Aananometeraisa1,000atimesasmallerathanaaamicrometer.)

16 (Adherent,aflatacellsaareaalmostainvisibleadueatoathealimitsaonabotharesolutionaanda contra st.)

  1. Whichaofatheafollowingacouldabeaseenaclearlyabyatheaunaidedaeye?aSelecta alla thataapply. A. Skinacellawithadiameteraofa 1500 a¼m B. Protozoaawithadiameteraofa 150 a¼m C. Virusawithaaadiameteraofa0.2a¼m D. Bacteriaawithadiameteraofa 24 a¼m:aB.aProtozoaawithadiameteraofa 150 am¼ D.aBacteriaawithadiameteraofa 24 a¼m (Theaunaidedaeyeacan,aonaaverage,aclearlyaresolveaobjectsa>a 100 a¼m.)

17 ece

  1. Labelatheafollowingaunmarkedamicroscopeacomponentsa(numberedaarrows) byamatchingaitawithatheacomponentsaprovideda(letters).:a1.aEyepi
  2. Neck
  3. Fineaadjustmentaknob
  4. Objective
  5. Stage
  6. Base
  7. Thisatypeaofamicroscopeautilizesaultravioleta(UV)alightatoailluminateastaineda ob jects. A. Phase-Contrast B. Confocal C. Fluorescence D. DarkaField:aFluorescence
  8. Thisatypeaofamicroscopeacanaprovideadetailedaimagesaofaliveacellsawithouta st aining. A. Confocal B. DarkaField C. Fluorescence D. Phase-contrast:aPhase-contrast
  9. Thisatypeaofamicroscopeaisausedatoagreatlyaincreaseatheacontrastabetweena sa mplesaandabackgroundabyareflectingalightaoffaofatheaspecimen. A. Phase-Contrast B. Confocal

BIODa 171 aFinalaExam Studyaonlineaatahttps://quizlet.com/_c6zjbf isacapableaof

  1. Gram-Positiveacellsaappear inacoloradueatoaa peptidoglycanalayerainatheacellawall.:aPurple;athick
  2. Gram-Negativeacellsaappear inacoloradueatoaa peptidoglycana layerainatheacellawall.:aPink;athin
  3. TrueaoraFalse:aTheadistinguishingacharacteristicaofaGram- Negativeabacteriaa isatheapresenceaofaLPSainatheaouteramembrane.:aTrue
  4. Nameaoneasubstanceacapableaofachemicallyafixingacellsatoaaaslide.:aAnyaofa the afollowingaareatrue:aParaformaldehyde,aethanolaoramethanol.
  5. Youawantatoaobserveatheasizeaandashapeaofaaacell.aWhataisatheaeasiestastain- aingatechniqueathatayouacouldaperform?aNameaataleastaoneadyeayouawouldausea dur ingathisaprocess.:aSimpleastain.aYouacouldauseaanyaofatheafollowing:amethyleneablue,acr ystalaviolet,asafraninaorafuschin.
  6. YouasuspectaaapatientamayahaveaTB.aOnceaaasampleahasabeenaobtained,aitaisase ntaoffatoathealabaforaanaacid- fastastain.aIfatheapatientawereainfectedawithaTB,a describeawhatayouawouldaexpectatoa seeaonatheastainedaslide.:aYouawouldaexpectatoaseearedacellsa(TB+)aonaaablueabackgrou nda(TBanegative).
  7. TrueaoraFalse:aAaGiemsaastainacanabeausedatoadetermineatheapresenceaofa pat hogenicabacteria.:aTrue (Pathogenicabacteriaawouldaappearapinkawhileanon-pathogenicabacteriaawouldaap- a pearapurple.) (noasubcellularaorganellesaareavisible)areminiscentaofaSEM.aOnlyaTEMa vi sualizingasubcellularasubstrucutres.

BIODa 171 aFinalaExam Studyaonlineaatahttps://quizlet.com/_c6zjbf reatheafol- redaviaaaanset aimage),a'she ll'aonly

  1. Identifyawhatatypeaofaelectronamicroscopeawasausedatoacaptua lo wingaimageaandaexplainayourachoice.:aTheaaboveaimageaisacaptua Tran smissionaElectronaMicroscopea(TEM).aEvenaata20nmaresolutiona(iasubcel lularasubstructuresaareastillavisible.aTheaimagealacksatheaoutsidea appeara nceaofaSEM.
  2. Aasimpleastainahasabeenaattemptedaonaanaunknownasampleawithanoasuc- a cess.aGivenathisaproperty,awhichastainashouldabeaattemptedanext? A. Giemsa B. Nigrosin a C.Safranin D.aAcid-fastastaining:aNigrosin