Evolution Study Notes: From Chemical Origins to Modern Humans, Study notes of Zoology

Comprehensive high school study notes on evolution, covering topics from the chemical origin of life to the evolution of modern humans. Key concepts include the big bang theory, panspermia, chemosynthesis, chemical evolution, natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation. The notes also explore biogeographical evidences, homologous and analogous structures, and the timeline of evolution through geological history, providing a detailed overview of evolutionary processes and theories.

Typology: Study notes

2025/2026

Available from 12/30/2025

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Date
Page
eavly univeyse
•Condensed
oTemp 111
olel
2039a/ 13.8 8y4 cuolirg fovmation K, He
explosibn univevse :
expanded laxies omd stcTS
Cunimag. in Phy terms)
(louds,qoses
Big Beng
Hilkyoay (36519iT
NLa Matre.
Rarth [u-584A7
rim'tive Tenp ttt Tno erte exited]
mo Aimospheve (Reducig)
>Voleomic evuptions
thumdering
Comp. HNHg ,CHy-
St
Bukerwyoke
-58 ](Proh. ) (Bubiont)
collulaY m- coRul+
Life forms C3BUA] Lte form
[2BA
e.- viYuses.
Cg-Becteri
aftey 5UO HA
S feforw
[4ByA (Prstobiont)
Biomolecules
formation
tex T< IUUC
formec cloucls (Holeculars
Condeses
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

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Date Page

eavly univeyse

•Condensed

o Temp^111

2039a/^ olel 13.8 8y cuolirg fovmation^ K,^ He explosibn univevse^ :expanded^ laxies^ omd stcTS

Cunimag. in^ Phy^ terms)

(louds,qoses

Big Beng

Hilkyoay (36519iT

N La Matre.

Rarth [u-584A

rim'tive Tenp ttt^ Tno^ erte^ exited]

mo Aimospheve (Reducig)

(^) Voleomic (^) evuptions

thumdering

Comp. H NHg ,CHy-

St Bukerwyoke -58 ]

(Proh. ) (Bubiont)

collulaY m-^ coRul+

Life (^) forms C3BUA]^ Lte^ form [2B A Cg-Becteri e .- viYuses.

aftey 5UO H A S (^) fe forw

Biomolecules^ [4ByA^ (Prstobiont)

formation tex T<^ IUUC formec cloucls ( Holeculars

Condeses

Date Page

-J6esnica

Ldtheadall Spectal Cetian Theo mce^ by^ supexnatuxa^

pouex.

diwzsity- oas^ clways^ Ehe^ Same eaYth HTTD yecys a

snce CYection

Caiscaraled] 2. Pan spexmia theoYy

transpoxted (^) to romeayth^ outeY^ space as^ repYoductive^ unis

OY Spoyes.

3.Thenx Bbio9eMesis.

  • reek phtlosphevs Lite oxigincted som (^) non-eiving

disapxoved by Luis^ Pasture.

Yoten (^) motera, mcl (^) sty w eh

-Coost acceplk. Then1u Rieaeess.

Louis (^) Poasture. Lile (^) axiies (^) rom (^) pxe-extin (^) life. Suan (^) neck (^) exp.

con olense

no (^) micxobes microbes

Heated eatol

able to (^) exp (^) ogn \ife._

alassMate Date Page

Chemoalevolution: xp^ Su portSL^ HilleYicliage^ Lde ate)

VOcCum þump To (^) take out Vapouy^ Conelensey

electrodes (Lightning^ conds -NHg CH H toy ved. evironment

old

Hoo Hectpd

Burn

Atn Rct Alomine (^) AspavtateG^ Glycine

I.

Contiexntal dyiff theoy

ts (^) reg. t CoYne out eVIADenCeC (^) f eVOLUTIOn ocecn^ (uake) Simbhmtegten(Jhavhhnand) Palaentological oathele Ornado de (^) 2idlencesVinchi [ tudy (^) fosstlsl

-lndtnn uhox Birbal Sohani hand^ pors^ Org.

unalteed osl (^) ooly (^) Hammath (^) (stbevita)

(^) Boumd (^) în

Sedimentory yocks

timeline of (^) ecoveved (^) tems (^) Radioact. dating methods cLimitahon (^) g (^) C- (^) Dahio (^) nathod. we (^) date (^) the (^) so ie eolegical (^) histoxg

5130yeavs of (^) earth (^) closly (^) coxelates (^) oith (^) biological history (^) of

petod ochs

classMate Date Page

Byee

Bivds

Mammals

account of evolution.

Crocodiles Lizavels Srctes

v i n g

f o s s i l s

Sphenaclon Newzeland^ (^ Tuatares Tuvtes

ut

e n o i f

Hesdzoi

ey

P a l e o c

eva

Pteronoic.

reheogpeera

450D

lcocodilic Aychaeoptex QuatenarY (^) threz horm •tovthed^ b7d Tirtary Fricevato^ p bino (^) saus

Plaifed^ fehegosaurrs (^) bocet Fotvng^ yanosauYusFeynsometo^ th

  • sping taie Pteando^ ,Bpeclo CyetaCeous cmhio sCauvus Juvassic LTheYasd •Cong^ tuil^ cmd^ vOck. Tviassic (^) CrelycosauYs] Thecodont fsauropstetai Pevmian 2so1^ TnaYnmae LearlyHowals(Synapsida) (^) > moclern

Corbonifevow[aep elke^ neptiles frog^ SalamendeT

Teotly seplileq Amphibians bocH n (^) Sout Afvic T Devonio (^) age of (^) gishes) dowinaed eady (^) amphibianeame Hhought to be extinct. 8iluyian (^) True (^) sh fyom.^ Latimeria (living fossil) oYdoician (^350) HUA (^) Chodahes (^) (JouslessCycalostomes (^) extebrates) ,helocanth (Yela. (^) /

Cambrian • (eobed fin Sbrong and^ fish) Stout fins

5ot A (^) Protogoans|Invertebrates

4ni. uR.

Invisible life^ Precambxian era Pvok. (^) Bact.

Azoic eYa Chem. evolution (no^ life

o (^) common (^) ancestory

-Homologous Cncl vestegral oYg

GoYg which were once in (^) ancestorsfunctiowel

Compeotive (^) Smbxy n - (^) Horpho

alssMate

Date Page &

Sinitavites

» (^) similay

Intemnal Anatomy

xtencl (^) Moxplaalo - embTHonic (^) development fu ndamental sty

A (^) Homolog

Analo t

Homologus org

Function

eq.-o Fovelin bs.

Simila oY dissimilay

ohale (^) Bat Flippers (^) wings Chetta legs^ Hamans Hands (b) (^) Thoxn (^) (Baugenvellia ) Tendzils CCucuYbits)

oriqin Auxallaxy bud

Heaxt of Vextebrates Braln oP (^) vexte (^) brates Homologus (^) oYQ- show^ common^ ancestory foavourç (^) oqinic (^) evolutiom

Diffexent (^) embry nt dee G Fndame (^) ntal sty (^) Analogous (^) br

Eunchion Similar

eg- (a) Filppers of Penguins Dolphin b) Eyes bciepus Vertebrates_

c) w ings of Buterfly & birds

d) Potato^ Suweet (^) pota to doesn't (^) show COnYmon

Bats (^) tnsects

Habitat Cmnergmt (^) rulutn

classmate Date Page

hehiekRadlantnt. The (^) procece evol.^ dtEE,^ species^ in^ a fxom a^ point^ ltexally^ Yacdiatin^ to^ cite.

qiven qeoqraphical^ area^ ctaxting

OnYeaS (^) phy (Habikat)

Lnches CAsttlian 4Movsupiodl clAstilian acentals

onverqent evolution.

South Amexicaest Cocst)^ Golapagos Islonds

Smcll black birds

FDaYcoin finches

alko L gvoundl finches

  • Small beak bids

2 Alanck)

[ species

dffevs in shape beaks

because of feediag habit

oseed eatme habit.

lestlianMarnpial [Hetathevicns]

Ranqar Bandikoot

Banded anteatey CNumbat)

Haxsupial male

not true maomals Roala Mavsupial (^) Rat

Tasmanian wolf

SuqoY (^) qliley (^) (lying (^) phalangexs)

Tiqer Cat Spotted cuscus)

-The0RIOR 0f^ OVGANIC^ PVoLUTIDY

CwYOM (^) LamaxkismC1909 ~La mok ( nancla natuval&) bTheoxy of^ inhexitamce^ of^ aauired^ chaxoctexs dkopvoved TIheory f^ germpasm^ Aqust^ Wishman

lnteYnal vial^ forces

D ChoYge fm^ envr.^ Yew^ ooYld

Lse Ineitance omd diASe0cCuqwed Y ch.

1L (^) Davoiniwetheoxy (^) oBritih heoryof matuYal^ gelectiom^ '^ -enenything lo basee o -Banle- om the oigin of pocies b rneoms Notual^ Belectíon influenced (^) by a)Pyiociples (essaug)^ populatio^ .N^ Thomas.^ Halthus

(tolo about fossil!

Cb (^) Pinciples (^) gengt Chaxles^ Cyell

AR Wallace Malay Achipelagp Cilande hlu» Asia and &

gr klon^ ds made ochat and sent t bYa

(^) (331 - (^1836) Wyoge HHS Begale DSAmexica Austrela^ S.Afica Calapagose Islenclo.

Shu ge (^) fo (^) extauce lcompcteon)

9 Vaxitiona ond honidity

enerotiow

.

bronchig O^ Natuxal^ Selactiom^ uxviyal^ ol^ the^ fittest dlecent: (^) pcielSpebi)CHevbet^ Spener)^ AittnesS^ Rerod.natuTel basis

[. (^) Ovexproduckion. enoYmous (^) -capabc (^) lite (^) th but (^) population (^) Temains cons

X

Rxcept for seasonal eluctiotions.

heory þrach'cal

alsSMate Date Page oYld h

Compatatron Fovd

htaspeicific^ (wery^ Voilent) -Shetey ShalterComom^ YeçouYCeA^ mating^ pazbe Fyod Bnvivonmenta (^) {sanve (^) eue -key concegst (^) k Davuom

  1. (^) Branching (^) descent (^) atten eul)

2

. Natural Selection (^) {nch euol)

  • (^) varitionDauoonian Slow (^) 00AA (^) directional, (^) qaacuol
  1. (^) Hecidit omd avition

useful haxmfulL Smo00 om, continos, direchona

Aush > Dxauback Couldn't explan about Source arition.

(most occepted)

NeodoxuJOnísn

theoxy of^ natural^ selecton^4 S0uYCe^ vatttion &orces vaxihion.

Recovmbination most commmaa) 3. Gene migration

Sexually epod. xq

  1. Mutation.

9ne ow emtatis (^) ~ Huyo olo ves

Cenothexa lanaYckfana (evenivgpimYose)

gelfing ninox (^) Vanitionc^ (qeo) (majerity^ oT^ yarit ons

Chappens by chcnce)

Genetic drift YOndom drift

L~Sewale foundles^ covighe e. LoGoteneck (^). cenotheTa (^) gicas -Single e? {aYge ya.-^ SALTATIDM.

  • Tomdom and directionless, dliscontinous.

Ancon (^) shep supports mutation.

alssmate Date Page /

Hordy einbex

ldeal (^) po pulation Totbl (^) gee (^) requene

Factors

. Recomb:

  1. Mutation Gene (^) migratian Genotic cift (^6) Natuxal selecton

Lauilfbriuh (hon (^) -ewoetionay (^) populaton) large (^) anal (^) Randamly (^) mating emoins (^) constont (^) generotion (^) t (^) generalisn o yayition (^) no evolution.

sHydidiation

equi. mointained ouly hen

the populatibn Shouldd be Paxge and Yandamly m

60 t5o O 55

0 S

pl+ Ehg+9l1 indivsuola

Domi Homo

Heteo

288x 0 0 9 (^) + 2a+q2-/

  • (^) Ae A O7^ a@. 2y73-0 2 O.^36

o7ahat seli^ Lanld^ be^ exp.^ to^ (A) A + o2= 2x ->A 0.

AD:

2K

oStocastie andom emon^ tha^ uniceo0ulay^ ovg.^ d^ atuvally.

Date Page Birds

holiunal uleohio

predetoY -bmamyplan

Y. Industrial^ nelcnäm then1920 Blacle

Befoye I |before incusttlisation^ ates^ scluskxialitáliaa Anthexopogenie Scor.^ (efunk)

bacahA

action to duot Smoke

Chunsaaiulev dayk^ de

Qnd ab.^ ef^ liclhons

m-melamia

wtute

[B>w

Lichens

6/12 2.^ DDT^ Antibiotic^ esstance

  1. Sickle ce0^ Anermia ne Rec HoA (^) nomoal Hb

Rmete- Die

8ickle ce

m certo tibes^ AReYicak SuYvival chance

death by malcxig 11

habural selection:

feneaa tnala^ Vanaton

duration of formatt (^) Spcies lifesjpan.