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One thing all cells have in common is their Answer-
Biology ATI TEAS Questions with
Correct Answers
membrane The main difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is their Answer- nucleus Which organisms are Prokaryotes? (2) Answer- bacteria, archea Which organisms are Eukaryotes? (4) Answer- animals, plants, fungus, protist This cell organelle is the main site for protein synthesis Answer- ribosomes An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled. (3 words) Answer- rough endoplasmic reticulum An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down. (3 words) Answer- smooth endoplasmic reticulum stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum Answer- Golgi apparatus oxidative organelles that produce hydrogen peroxide and break down fatty acid chains Answer- peroxisomes cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell. break down worn out cells parts to be recycled. Answer- lysosomes Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production Answer- mitochondria the cell membrane is made up of a bilayer Answer- phospholipid A cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer consists of heads the tails are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic). Answer- phosphate, fatty acid, hydrophobic, hydrophilic and tails. The heads are (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) and
Animal cells require to gain energy in the form of ATP. This is done using cellular respiration which is oxygen (independent/dependent) organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy Answer- chloroplast A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area for water and nutrients. Answer- vacuole A process where plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars Answer- photosynthesis Answer- glucose, dependent the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid. the first step in cellular respiration Answer- glycolysis second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions Answer- Kreb's cycle series of carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy during ATP-generating reactions. third step of cellular respiration. Answer- electron, electrons 4th step of cellular respiration. glucose is oxidized to produce 6 mol , Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells Answer- somatic A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (haploid/diploid) Answer- haploid A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent (haploid/diploid) Answer- haploid A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait Answer- gene Different forms of a gene Answer- allele An organism that has two different alleles for a trait Answer- heterozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a gene Answer- homozygous 6 mol and 36-38 mol Answer- CO2, H2O, ATP
enzymes speed up/aid in the breakdown of chemical bonds through the addition of water. This is called Answer- hydrolysis A. microtubules B. cytoplasm C. spindle fibers Answer- microtubules More H+ means more (acidic/basic). More OH- means more (acidic/basic) Answer- acidic, basic (apoptosis/necrosis) programmed cell death designed to eliminate abnormal cells once the cell sense that it has mutation. Answer- apoptosis (apoptosis/necrosis) messy, injury-induced cell death, which can lead to sepsis. Basically just cell "explosion" Answer- necrosis proteins. membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane. can use active or passive transport. Answer- transport regulate water flow and solutes through membrane. a form of (active/passive) transport where substances diffuse down their chemical gradient to an area of lower concentration. Answer- channels (active/passive) transport costs ATP Answer- active A (non-polar/polar) bond is when a bond is formed between two atoms that share electrons unequally. A (non-polar/polar) bond is when electrons are shared equally across all atoms in a molecule. Answer- polar, non-polar Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called
. This is an (active/passive) transport. Answer- osmosis, passive Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called Answer- diffusion Diffusion is (active/passive). Facilitated is (active/passive) and requires the help of channel or transport proteins. Answer- passive, active Bacteria cell walls are made of A. pectin B. peptidoglycan
C. glucose Answer- peptidoglycan Fungi cell walls are made of A. cellulose B. xylan C. chitin Answer- chitin A cell is when extracellular fluid has a higher solute concentration compared to the cytoplasm of the cell. Net flow of water will be (in/out) of the cell Answer- hypertonic, out A cell is when extracellular fluid has a lower solute concentration compared to the cytoplasm of the cell. Net flow of water will be (in/out) of the cell. Answer- hypotonic, in Having the same solute concentration as another solution. A. Isotonic B. hypotonic C. hypertonic Answer- isotonic Osmotic concentration of a solution is called its ; the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of water times the number of particles into which the solute dissociates A. gradient B. osmality C. osmosis Answer- osmality pressure is required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution Answer- osmotic A transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane Answer- aquaporin (endocytosis/exocytosis) Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material Answer- exocytosis (exocytosis/endocytosis) A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane. Answer- endocytosis (Hyperventilation/Hypoventilation) causes high O2 and low CO2.
the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas A. vaporization B. sublimination C. transpiration Answer- sublimination The change of state from a liquid to a gas A. condensation B. sublimination C. vaporization Answer- vaporization The change of state from a gas to a liquid A. condensation B. sublimination C. transpiration Answer- condensation In an experiment, the variable is manipulated. The result is the variable. The variable is the constant. Answer- independent, dependent, control (acids/bases) are a high concentration of H+ ions. (acids/bases) are a low concentration of H+ ions. Answer- acid, bases What are the four macromolecules? Answer- carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids building blocks of macronutrients are called Answer- monomers The monomers of (carbs/lipids/proteins/nucleic acids) are mono/di/polysaccharides Answer- carbs glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, starch, cellulose, and glycogen are examples of (carbs/lipids/proteins/nucleic acids) Answer- carbs What are the two monomers of lipids? Answer- glycerol, fatty acids This type of lipid makes up animal fats and oils A. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. steroid Answer- triglyceride
the body needs amino acids. of these are essential amino Animal fats are (saturated/unsaturated) and are (solid/liquid) at room temp. and they consist of (single carbon bonds/single and double carbon bonds). Answer- saturated, solid, single Oil fats are (saturated/unsaturated) and are (solid/liquid) at room temp. and they consist of (single carbon bonds/single and double carbon bonds) Answer- unsaturated, liquid, single and double carbon bonds The type of lipid that makes up cell membranes A. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. steroid Answer- phospholipid The type of lipid has many functions such as stress response, immune response, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and in the regulation of inflammation, and behavior. A. triglycerides B. phospholipids C. steroids Answer- steroids Which lipid has a unique 4 ring structure? A. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. steroid Answer- steroid cholesterol, aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone are examples of A. carbs B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids Answer- lipids monomer of proteins Answer- amino acids amino acids form chains Answer- polypeptide acids which means the body can't make them and must get them through food. Answer- 21, 9 Keratin is a protein
Answer- proteins thread-like structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells. carries genetic information in form of gene. Answer- chromosome T/F a DNA strand can have many genes Answer- T a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule Answer- gene T/F multiple genes make up a chromosome Answer- T DNA (transcription/translation) occurs when information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a protein at a ribosome Answer- translation DNA (transcription/translation) is when genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto mRNA. occurs in the nucleus Answer- transcription (pyramidine/purine) bases in DNA and RNA have a double ring structure and include adenine and guanine Answer- purine Pyramidine bases have six sides and a single ring shape. They include which nitrogenous bases? (3) Answer- cytosine, thymine, uracil A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid A. peptide B. nucleotide C. codon Answer- codon The law of by Mendel states that an organism receives half of its total number of alleles from each parent. A.independent assortment B. Segregation C. Dominance Answer- Segregation The law of by Mendel states that traits are passed in randomly and not influenced by other traits. A.independent assortment B. Segregation C. Dominance Answer- Independent assortment DNA and RNA work together to synthesize in ribosomes
present in a pair, the dominant one is expressed. A.independent assortment B. Segregation C. Dominance Answer- Dominance Construction of a simple diagram as a way to predict probable outcomes of a genetic cross. Answer- Punnet square The (genotype/phenotype) is physical, visual manifestation of genes. Answer- Phenotype This refers to the location of a gene or alleles Answer- Locus Which vitamin is mainly synthesized within the human body? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin e c. Vitamin d d. Vitamin c Answer- Vitamin d (active/passive) transport requires ATP and transport proteins. Goes against concentration gradient Answer- active The sodium-potassium pump is what type of transport? a. passive simple diffusion b. passive facilitated diffusion c. active transport Answer- active transport T/F the sodium potassium pump helps maintain the resting membrane potential Answer- T The sodium potassium pump is originally open on the (intracellular/extracellular) part of the cell Answer- intracellular the intracellular side of the sodium potassium pump has binding room for Na+ ions the extracellular side has binding spots for K+ ions Answer- 3, 2 ATP donates its third phosphate to the Na/K pump and becomes a which causes the extracellular side of pump to open Answer- protein The law of by Mendel states that when two different alleles are
germ cells are distinguished from somatic cells because they can undergo Answer- meiosis Golgi-derived structure of a sperm cell that is packed with enzymes that assist in the penetration of the zona pellucida and is therefore essential for fertilization. A. spermatacid B. acrosome C. axoneme Answer- acrosome A thick, transpartent coating rich in glycoproteins that surrounds an oocyte A. ovum membrane B. acrosome C. zona pellucida Answer- zona pellucida an embryo's heart starts beating around week Answer- 3 (epithelial/connective) tissue cells are all avascular Answer- epithelial Epithelial cells are nourished by diffusion, and nutrients from capillaries in underlying layer of connective tissue called the membrane Answer- oxygen, basement what cells line and cover tissues of the body? Answer- epithelial cells involved in protection, absorption, secretion, filtration. can be single or multiple layers. can be squamous, columnar, cuboidal Answer- epithelial cells that line the mouth, esophagus, skin exterior, GI tract, and alveoli of lungs Answer- epithelial most abundant type of cells in the body Answer- connective connective cells support and protect the body. they are highly vascular except for which three specific kinds Answer- ligaments, tendons, cartilage blood, adipose tissue, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and osseous tissue are made up of what kind of cells? Answer- connective signals act on the same cell that secretes them A. juxtacrine B. paracrine C. autocrine Answer- autocrine
nucleotides consists of a five-carbon , a group, and a signals diffuse to and affect nearby cells A. juxtacrine B. paracrine C. autocrine Answer- paracrine signaling requires direct contact between the signaling and responding cell A. juxtacrine B. paracrine C. autocrine Answer- juxtacrine reciprocal induction - occurs when 2 tissues induce further in each other A. nourishment B. differentiation C. stimulation Answer- differentiation occurs when a cell that has changed in form and matured from being generalized into being more specific in terms of function. A. differentiation B. cellular maturation C. specialization Answer- differentiation describes the ability of a cell to differentiate A. differentiation quality B. maturation factor C. potency Answer- potency are repetitive non-coding sequences of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protect coding sequences. Every time a cell divides, the chromosomes shorten because DNA polymerase cannot replicate the end portion. A. telomeres B. chromatid C. polymerase protection Answer- telomere base Answer- sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous
