Biology Short Notes class 12th, Schemes and Mind Maps of Biology

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Companion CELL 5 PxrtH pee Oe ate See Toot Curis (|| (pg —> Dicer STEN. MS Menecer Sten) Ana ntestine Uneeese Guany 7: Fresnicaimn Henne [2b Femenerm# (6 EE SS = x: Figre (D) P-Fire () atic, SeT[eN OF Lene 7 DUNeTIOnS \. eT eae ConTAINs n Tissue Sygten (TS) Epieers MIESePHYEL «—-Vaswine System cae See = or T Bs poory ieee i LASES Der Corspuct ing comical) Cementing ah, Erpapete) oR pees DiceT LEAF Monecet Leng orbs Bois Renate Feeiciets 1 senses oyna Reseyae Pits Veen ae Gponey NO Siferennimnsy | LEAK ING Ceus Tianseee a RechRBonY PEPTIDASes CAR GAD conse | |Pausane Preencrvma CF SespmyiL Nucteaces permis STEMATA ""Arrarisntsl Digs SpeManect] | PRRENCHYEA a | Srormrac APPR Stun a —__ Connective Tasca (er) lente, swaen ScBIDARY eae F lose Gr Ae AppaTone | CELLS CLL Ey ADAxAL Aerxiar Epiver mis ; nse GT E i, Epiermis a & ab Peciauses CT BEANS Dune Bee Congont VB Argon T ApweseT Requinr Taree SHAPED “SHAPED Sram LEAVES ib WAR (| (an Gansses) aca GeNeATH BeneATH ent Aaviiage Bene Broo — THeSkin = THE «= Teper eee Roa nies ae) TE Groutn In TEMPERATE Resient Rane] SN rset The Rene Atuinys Unicewiar — Usuauey Mucriceniun l 4 ge SESE NE To Bone een eer Spain Sensor! Winter Senson = CoBeIDAL eR Celonnnn Fer THenon a : nN x L cam piu is Very Active Camswe Less Acme eat yaplse Guan pocAR-Err Heng Heep ‘SARH ODD Ey Bron cHores ; Bete l Ww W f UtcetiotaR Mena 1eCentral Part of 2°X « 4 Peripheral Region #F 2” | | SpRING Wooo/Farty Woop Avrunn/LaTe rn) ALLOPIAN TH BEC Ege ay a ELLUL © 2. Bark Brown: Ave es + xe Swerer Ces FY counsel Gunes s-Hard, Durable. and 2. Lighter in I Wiper Vessers ds Markov VESSELS: Nea z 4 ig . 2 Daricer Tn CoLoug vous SYSTEM OF Frog Resistant - 3. Tovelved in Conduct 2 LiGHTER TN f : 5 t 7 “Dot net Conduct of later: OLOUR 3: HIGHER DENSITY ef Leder al Sa f Is: Lower Density CNS PNS ANS Give Clechanical Support / yx al : = XYLE i + co nee ™) Crane. Nerves SPINPLIMERES Co pathetic Pace aes OF Tissue In ROOT (em Gut > Live) A lo Frias iL: Epidermis —> Cutick Absent S = VPP= Vi Al Peric © PAIRS 2. Cortex —? Tmnermest Layer cld Endedermis aS c Paes FUT MESS a ! ee i nae arian Laine es Fd JGrounn Tissue = CPP = Conte + Fericvae Al; # agealar > Wi take + PITH Brainy Spiniay Coro. Tinuth 4° Menccet Roat -» Core than € 8 fe 4 & Pil ARK = = Seconpary Phucerrt ERI Lt tT Pith (Poly arch) eshte DERM Fore Brain Mio BRAIN Hino Brain PITH Periveam = ppp= Prenem + PHELLOsEN OuereTory Looe (Priren Cere BELLUM fa Ortic Loge ALL Ano Incersercveus _ LARGE ANo bleu Deseu ++ FHELLO DERM Cereserar HemisPHERE 1 Pate) - a Ot : ts : Meow L per sReer Eqs— Monocer Roor ork + Cork Campion + 2 CORTEX 5 (Paired) IENCEPHA Lom (Uspmieen) : Tuesr Crem =. = [Rincestac Manes 7 | Reproewrive SYSTEM Prirsn tes (Mare, Are RATS, Dees, Monkey Doas. Lemun ) © ! Menstaun| Creve Emace Mae Fi 1" Spit || beursexonsms-> Testes: —7 “OvAMY Favscrnes ani eet ve esis — Acct soon RETET&STS —> OvID E {lhe = aca Erreentia UTRRUS acres ae Erippymis Vagina eerie tole | Uns DEFRENS oe Sis Gersoons » 3B ZH Te Biags. | —— [Hien= Resor > Ceavien. CAPs —FisnTion eee tee || | Frec= Laren Na | | Diapranans | rLo- Diroin— Honey Bee C Bact pierre || | NO asim ss |e tee) ge nee lege Epa, pLUPs) Non MeoicaTen—Letes Looe) iia Es Aretobachx] © Ss Leta Ga- Reverse 7 CHT i: ANABAENA, Beans ary 2osores. | + + ix Dactyel Lupinus Proenin cr aries (pare Pru) ojdon vas | rc uea| Heemoree -ReLemsin Tubs int 25 (Pi aemesTeseet) | Siriee.s oF Human Peoi@ace ANA p —> Mag Q —» Femace @ _—> Sex UnseeciFied OCP —> Paesestosen— Estroaen | |m@@ —> AFFECTED Inormmvats pnsarni ok Sasa ao Marine ‘ on 9 Vasectorty (MALE) Marin f Gli: RELATIVES: eda DRO 7 iannenrseons, MATING) GICAL Theec tomy (Ferenc) Mere > Parent Agove Cmionen { Beton (Try Onoer OF Biers Lt? Rt): King Heron's Parce Near STALK oF Ficwiee « Staun of Leap i- FETICLE Snack of STANEN:- FILAMENT a of owiel= FuriCLe Gmce Ce Preven (ser) SpiRvLINA PeTH Ye PHILUS metnylotre pha Tse Boome: Tyee oF RNA PoLyMeRAse RNB pauyis" T 9 r RNALS:8S, 183, 265) RNA poly? ir -> hnRNA RNa, DL snRNAs SsRNA tRNA Tire of R ATTRIBUTES mena Bian RATE tRNA) Death RATE AGE RNA Dista|guTicn i R Tyres ING NA Provide Tunplate Bring A Rad Reap Sex Katie Genetic ‘Cope St ructuen OLE CATALYTIC Rove chico Afrecteo LliTH DISEASE © — Five Unecrectes OFFSPRING: fara — Parents With Mave Annencbn Bacteaia + Reooose miLLur £ Macronutaens(9) Ey- 6H, 0 Pikes SC, Mg Ge int) Ir | Meer /Aesentt Proussicay Nae Fixation, Cs PRY LL One (Messner) ___| fssent _ | Present ey | rea Syeapiotic Nam Prnations| bum Net Lecomn Puan Eg Franek VAITH LEG tetra s Faring Gy feasts & POR. == DHAP GS ADT ADT 7 L3= Pee) arr B-PGA (BC) 2 Pane) pore Pep (se) WS ws No ‘[instegn - Fination Nig -Aimenificabion groanic a 0 Denn Puan! Ano Animas Nog (Ni trate) es ~ Essen Tint ELEMENTS | fy B,C, Mo FEIGENCY Same TOME: Cruoresis — TM, K, S, Fe, 2m, Mg, Mn, Meera 9 Ca, Cu, Mg, ik. Me, $8 Dewey —> Mo, S$, FLOWERING Trmgiten— Me, S,N,K- oF Cove Duvises. Mice cee Mn, Fe, Ni Cu, Zn G = s a Pamuvic Acib PHOTOSYNTHESIS nrk REAAN (an Stree) List Renny (im GRAN) Ligne Agsernen - Gauvin OLE Hater SPETiING Carees LATION Orrmen RELEASE Re ouction Suntuesis oF p & NADPH in Remen RATION asic NégD oF Au Living Mackemececuies Weer bminceay Cantorvonares feotem Far Mg in CrusrepHYuL PEnzme Actwators BLE OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 1? CompolatS sf BiomoLewies - ©,H,0,4 HyCompenents oF Energy Reraten Compounios [7 Acter The Somanic Pate TAL of a CELL - K PLAYS An Tmp Reve In OPening £Gecing ofS Pin ate Mg Rubisco 9 < pee case Zn P? Alehshal Dahydregeraae Fete Pephda se Carrlbon Antsy dasa - Me Go Ciparied Ccmpuete Paetiar Onpation ADAnOR Saat Lactic Acia eS waar eee een Debveregmese || Punits Anime . a C Cty! fy L. Tn Cn Huy Ethenel + Coy fe | CHGROATA £[UnccHononta 2: Cepuauciompara bes Postal Tu) gen Gs HW CycLosTomaTA OSTEKHTHYES ~ AVES 3 MamnALiA ——————— __ | Grea Orgeninna Guatnostarsn te (Ben a B-VeRTEgRATA | Rattus (Rt) Canis (Deg). Felis (cat), clepne 2¢ TAH) pateirtns)| Cuass PIS GES (beac Firs) -—TETR AFD t cu CHONDRICHTHYES Areni 81 RepTILiA on= CHER DATES. an CHORDATES 2: Gentra Ner- Beret Dorsai Herron + SINGLE i | : Punrynx Pestoraten Br| & SOUP, Gir Suts ABSENT Is. A Post. ANAL TAL | (Tf Present) | ABSENT: - HEART Ts Ventana, Herat Ls DoRsAL Hs Netecuorn Present [1 Netecorp AGSENT Iz. CentraL NeRVous SYST Ter ventRAL, Dovere |{ '3- Gur SuTs ARE Is Presenr 5 fost Anat Tan Is |L___ | (Pring Fox). Core elds Macaca (Monkey), Dovere Mier (ekptart). ExgielHore), Celphines (Dolphin) areptera (Blas Wy Balawep halt) Aq Mammals R nucuevs | Comeenens ] 7 oF Totst Colla Pash —]| J Capable of [olaten 40-30 + Independent Exitonce || Proreins | (0-'5 |} Performing th Essenhai] |Nu-Acios | 577 || Furc tien” of Life Carpe HYD Pa Lipips 2 fe 7) f eores |p) Ls CHLEROPLAST __BaCTE RAL Fine pee Ai A ry oF CARETENCIDS CApoTENc | | FILAMENT Hook 3 Basar ety aha | > LONGEST Portion —_ENCtigi: SANELLES ‘Bound |ORGAN CHLoRne PLAST/PLASTIO. L, Mitecton DRIA = = —— —————————_ z CHRemoPLASTS * Levtorcast CARETENDID PI&MEnT Se +. Rigosomes 2 Centrosome /centerove 3. Muctesws ONA+ Histone Pretein+ RNAt Nod Histone OTEIN 4 Crréxectay Structure a —— — &Thylakeid, Seatie den (Deg Fish) =e —— |] Execoubn - Cory Fish eee fa soca |Carchardon (Great " | Ja: Aun (Bird) <= Mostly | | thie shark) Garoerin USEC, Ny Noctine | |B: Flving Fox: (Prop | | voentsting Rav) euctas TNOERE ee [Torpedo (Eteciric Ray} Poe rene MATRIX leMeRane Bouno SpHenica, Structure XANTHOPHYL Pmyleplant Elaioplast Alem + + + CargenyprATe OLS Proteins Grane, ey -Petate) fats it Ge sior] Bava — | ———— | PHOSPHATE SVANOPHycEaiy aot Ee ean [CHEMICAL ANALYSIS i —— aE: RANULES G és Living tasud GRINDING, Trick SLURRY ——— \ } Fatse Fisres ————— ee ge (ever) in Gedo Strsin By | tees Re Veer I+ Jeny FisH€S — Aureuin — GeerenTR ath Excwswety MARINEGRP] [ Enoomen@aane Sistem Fouts llapiswik Ranging # TVHE Range of Sor HES — AsTacus — ARTHRE PDA | I-CTENoPHoRA (PHYLUn) | LeERoOSER Acid Soluble Pos! Acid Tnsduble |g goo Ahh 10,000 o¢ Abe as Cray Fists = SAO o ARTHRE POA pEcHNoceRmArA(PHYLun) | rer | | | Filtrete) (Refantaie) |i in Aud 2 (0) in Aud Trmsluble 3: SILMER Fishes a alGHe | m) | 32. Ge | b - Pc uieble Post Pool: 4: Gurrce Fises- SEPIA ~ pURocHeRDATA (Sup-p, [ieeweotereet se CU G rat Type: TT — Moetiscr | is ) | 2S: L¥Sosome. Compound &° Org. Compound \ aMeny Type Pastene B: Devi. Figo —Ocropvs = ee, | fCePHALecHoRoara | | bos. Vacuore beet Splaaeny) Pree ) See neve Aco - Razor Fish — SEN ae | (Sua-Pay om) | (Sol phate, Phos! | peer, puce i} SHELL FisH a ae apacennnie || -—___ frofuln” Wuciie Pebjsschuids Lipids | Altay bon femen 8 SraRFisy — AsTerias — —— & Ag Hlgaeerne Liewo(Excert HA = PyaiNe - CRLOSTAFIAT & = Nucleonides i a Bee ona -Mammar | : Metaeoutes Nuckotides [ [ T © META ROLITES: =| hf ee eattet . 2° MetagouTes [= Creritacenous Fist ents — PIGMENTS | CAROTENOIDS, ANTHOCYANINS: baa bie Function Gg Ruppers ee ie Cartigirou|2-Endoskelton ia. Bery ALkca Loins dpaeinie, Corie eee ens 1 Deus oar 3 Mouth i& Terminal Terre neins| MonsTeRPeNnes, DIT : 3-Glycine) A 3: Species Eee feat is aims a eyes (Pau | Essen Ous| Lemon Grass O1L- I Atsrar Aas + Scents é “ 4 Operculum Abs \ Is: Serine S PIGMENTS at ix bladder Absurd - Sale Ao + | \Toxins | Again, Ricin i J Potmitic Acid FATTY Acc) = GALRALDIDg { o- eaten eel 1 Sexual Dimorphism (—)-| | LECTINS eae aa i Tovoria + TOxINS 1) cl A i Thi e 1 5 aie? ‘ean a aGrill Slita are ¢ pata: | [DRUGS VIN BLASTIN, eae 3 LeciPhin(PHepdo uP) calles ue = eee a ate elcid Puymeric [R@BER, Gum, CELLULSSE | IIa chalextre| tle 1 OL Seales are Placeid: Cawade Suastances | {|i Adenina (PURINE) Dace SWICON «| 29% | Nquel Uveo tube: : Uracil CPvRmioiNe) mw CELLOSE Msi ae 10 A mmondelic B Adenesins nGuMs 1 a a Lx wed ib Ovid ne Yowatosines) ONE SHOT + ECOSYSTEM puncional unit of wature. (Man -made) — nrrtificial Ecosystem. [3 Phytoplankton co i > Some alegae Aquomium 200 ~ FlotHng ‘Submerged > Marginal Plant Found cit edgas, , > © Foves- | (Consumers) aa are") @ avassiand zooplankton ® Desert fae nming 4 bh AM inal “ [Rauatic) + © pond (Mavine)} ———"OM welling Forms. ® Lake ASS TMP line:- conversion oP A © wertand [ F inevgant¢ ) River ecean into organic material coith Leu a —-——— —— aa oP vadiant energy of the sum by STRUCTURE :- utobvophs : (Znpuy :- Produchivity 3M organic maleyigy opt apte- ame TransFoy of enevgy Eat and bite by Heteyotrophs. Food chain /useh B (OurpuE Nubyient cycling L Energy (oss Ecosystem Abiotic Biolte *Interackon between Abiotic and bio is called ecosystem. LSTRATIFICATION|- vertical digtyibulion OF different species occupying defen levels . a A 228 | ku “bottom Layer. Components of the” ecosystem Rate oF Producn OP organi O Productivity iii] Energy @) decomposition iv] Nubienk CY Q pyam) J PYram) Sc (Second l \ Bee SC fnsumey) PP (Primary P77 Producer) |// Ecological pyvarmids +- Al Pyramid of number d oF biomass Three T¥pes. |upright 3 inverted Pal) d oF energy.~ alwaNs Upright. 4 (ramid oF number} TROPHIC LEVEL : Te CTeyHory Consumer) TroPhic level ’ 3, 541000 TA 40%.000 1-5 y 4 ME Wh | 34 Tt sii id oF bio Mass} Small pc F phyto CTOP o Planitton supporls F zooplanuton. | LN 21 AQUdHCe - inverted. 4 Rumbey of individual in (ExcepHons) pry weight ag m2) #* ONE MUSE Remember - © tyvophic level yepyesents q Funtional level NOt aspecies. © species may occupy move than one tyoPhic sever in the same ECOSYSFEM cH the Same time, BY Spaniow O23 Seeds ; Pruit iP peas & (Primerry Secondary conan dh Cour insects and aorms. @ Alldhe pyramids of number of eney yand biomass aye upyight- @ produceys ove move in numbey and biomass than the herbivores.. © Also energy at ca (ower +oPhic Ievel iS always more them ata higher level w -pyvamid.of energy iS aleoys UPrIghk - + trophic level tothe nent trophic tevel Some energy iS always lost as hecut ak each sep. Each bay in dhe energy Ecological Succesion (change in response +0 envivOMene) iy Leads i Community necy @ ith dhe environmen) = )- always Te Sc Pc BP oy WH HN oT TT YMA ates if | loooy UM (0,000) UPTIGhE . -[RiSo catied bioge@ochemicd % NUTRIENT _cfcle) ‘~ The rnount © nih 1 F nubients, Such OS Catbon, nitvogen , Phosphorus , Calcum, eke. presenk in the Soil. \Natrienk cycle} Maseous {sedimentary EG: us) \Eavinonmental factor} EY Soil , moisture , PH . TemPerahive. ee CARBON CYCLE « Fossil Fuel also represent a reservoir oF Caxbon. * Catbon occurs through atmosphere, Oceun and tnrough living Gnd dead Organism. Sulphuy Phosphor EQ’. nitrogen carbon # * Decomposers also contribute Substan tially 40 Cor. Pool by dheiy processing — oF waste materials and dead organic Ce )NSUMETS) ¢ Ae Littey fall britus 4 | Decomposition De UPkalve Run off weathering » Rock minevals, % [ECOSYSTEM SERVICES] * The-Preduchen ‘The Products of ecosystem Procestés OYE Named cig ecosysem Servies . * For @rtample = Heakhy Forest Ccosystem purify aiy and coaley. “mitigake chroughts and Floods , “cle nutrients / genevale Fertile Soils. Provide wildlife habitat Maintain wiodiversity . pollinate © CYOpS- provide stayo mat-er of land oy oceans. [PHOSPHORUS CYCLE) iS a major conshtuenk biologica] membranes. acids and ceuular energy SYSTOMs, nual TeSeruoiy of PhosPho 5 1S Fock . * @bhich contain Phosphovas in Whe of phosphates. * Phosphorus * nucieic che NOnSter Sart fort x K n = The Green Plant in the ecosystem — ferminology ave called producers. ERE Teresa EOSISEEND * Herbaceous - woody planks . * Phyto plankiwn "algae * higher plant. " PYlmary consumers will be herbivores - * a much lavger PracHon of energy * Some cnimals like cockroaches , crows Flow trough the detritus Food chain than thyough the Gec- ete cre omnivores these natural InteyconnecHONn of food chains Pale " & Food web. * Based on the Source of theiy nubiWon OY Food - organisms oceupy a Specific Place in the Food chain }rak iS Known as Bane hy hic level to the Fivtk ng Fourth hophic Man , Lion | © Gimple™ Frazinys Food che Grass —) Goat —+» man > (Producer) CPrimavy 1 (secondayy consumer) | consumber) Primoyy consumbey oneal for Food. © RERINS Food chain, (DFC) * beging with dead organic mabey “Made uP of decomposers which ave herevobvo phic ovganism. Fungi and bacteria " Saprotrophs (Sapvo * Decomposers Enzymes thal wd bo clecompose) Secvere cliposhve breakdown ead and Material ‘GEC iSthe major conduit Foy energy Sr materials into Simple oyganic| (eve, CTop cormivore) 2 coamnivore — . S| ree Birds, Fishes. © carnivoy Third 4rophic lever Cearnivorey Secondary _ 4Yophi¢ Level (Herbivore) Primary consum) mepoel lose) = | | =| | ad =e bs = € . gz . 1 & le raster Sp = Fe a 5 3 L fie é — Sromata C To Steve «eu 7, San el ice oft MW 4) iv Eh Mi ie : = = ey ~~ La——— | Suenere ay —_ — chores a tht eee Lone za) = 2. ae Scorers = proteins. Plaiing in_oceans (ip Lipid =o _ (ane em: Garera), (Flip; Flop}—— ber” memb = ae _Fremerane iS__Serqi — iPass ae : —__|/ Same memb ser iia: Na ACHVO be“ chana —O— — aes = 4 (Graamerbrane aa = ed ayers u al Cligsncugr) - SS gebbt thas 1 —) Cy e 4-4 = (ineviced Sausage ———— double _mergbyane / = i a> r? _yikal stain > Tanus gyeen —— __\ Fission _ = ul a — No.of mitochondria ven fee rom. Pe | Sivucwave ‘= tue ee ] " Outer membrane — : A. iP Less seleckive Sutin / Hoy. Lipicl -+ 66-7. pyoksin \+<— Imner_membyone. — move Serechve _RO% Drelein Proiding 20% Lipids oo ap pine right side othe jneart artes oxugenatre eine left side of the heart receives newt cay gerva red ‘vised Sree Call Tne lungs and. purngs if 40 the ‘boo * Soohuakny Bi 1. Study of ie aistantes — Measuved ta Be Yeras - 4 * onigin 4 Universe} 20 ‘sya Theor Br CO tar’ af single mes Explosion , “nay qeulo ei es in physica) pews - Big bar | med , aor s ree ‘ fe 3 Universe Expancl ed) " > + East ee Be eines faded Don « @nditions on “eas Hy 5 He gates formed laler CNo free or) 12 No Adina pher e Gages jreeee tuneler- qaclty . Ls water +CHy 4 Me Hee : th sed drum rallon ralaxtes 4 ceased | as. Iighler, We t ‘apd loa > ahs neon See eee aetes i os cf i me re Pige 4BYA Ah tey fants hoon ree att. Non Cetjuwe tis germ 9 % By pre key 443°) ig sa] a Cell ay lr st is P7™ —5 o-aya L taghe- Called organs 2 [FY Gskeugotes—— M5 T)A oA acyotmopute “‘Badkola vf) all Ue, forms wow tnuyaler Cb Raclens hs ; SS plane Sail ‘gine