1 Q Biologists often say that form follows function that is a form of biological structure
facilitates it function? List the function of each organ?
ANS: “Form follows function” applies to the way that the body function part directs the
type of part of the body. As an example, relate arm of an individual to a bat’s wing.
While the bones of the two resemble, the parts perform distinct functions in each
organism, and their bodies have modified to follow that function.
Organs:
Roots: The root is a part of the plant that helps to transport water and food and fixes the
plant in the soil.
Stems: It supports the plant and tough fibers present in stem keep plant upright.
Leaves: The leaves are an outgrowth of the stem used for photosynthesis, respiration, and
transpiration. The chloroplast present in mesophyll cells.
Flowers: Flowers are a unique part of a plant. A flower has four major regions, namely,
Petals, Sepals, Stamens, Pistil. Flowers contain colorful petals to attract pollinators and
help in reproduction.
Tissues:
Ground tissue: It acts as elastic maintenance, inelastic maintenance, photosynthesis,
storing, and support. In some ground tissues, plastids occur.
Dermal tissue: The dermal tissue shields the soft tissues of plants and directs interactions
with the plant’s surroundings. The roots and stems are protected by water proof periderm.
Vascular tissue: Vascular tissue functions principally in controlling the water and sugar
balance of a plant. It also transports water and nutrients through the root. Xylem sends
water to the phloem.
Cell types:
Parenchyma cells: It is also known as underlying tissue or ground tissue. Parenchyma
occupies a significant part of the plant body. It is primitive and found in also plant
groups. It is helpful in photosynthesis, storage (acids and other substances) and repair.
Collenchyma: It is a mechanical tissue which is present in stem and leaves and is mainly
concerned with providing support to plant organs. It gives flexibility and tensile strength
to the plants.
Sclerenchyma: It is a dead tissue which gives mechanical strength to the plants. It
contains a tough cell wall.
Vessel elements and tracheids: The cell lacks cytoplasm that interferes with the flow of
water and nutrients. It also helps with transportation.
Sieve tube elements: It aids transportation. Sieve plates help the inflow of substances.
