Download Bios 252 Chamberlain 2019 Updated Graded A+ and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Bios 252 Chamberlain 2019 Updated
Graded A+
Olfactory - correct answer Number: 1 Type: Sensory Function: Sense of Smell Optic - correct answer Number: 2 Type: Sensory Function: Vision Oculomotor - correct answer Number: 3 Type: Motor Function: Raise eyelids, move eyes, regulate the size of pupils, focus of lenses. Troclear - correct answer Number: 4 Type: Motor Function: Eye movements, proprioception Trigeminal - correct answer Number: 5 Type: Mixed Function: Sensations of the head and face, chewing movements, and muscle sense. Abducens - correct answer Number: 6 Type: Motor Function: Produce movements of the eyes Facial - correct answer Number: 7 Type: Mixed Function: Facial expressions, secretion of saliva, taste.
Vestiulocochlear - correct answer Number: 8 Type: Sensory Function: Balance or equilibrium sense. Hearing. Glossopharyngeal - correct answer Number: 9 Type: Mixed Function: Taste and other sensations of tongue, swallowing, secretion of saliva, aid in reflex control of blood pressure and respiration. Vagus - correct answer Number: 10 Type: Mixed Function: Transmit impulses to muscles associated with speech, swallowing, the heart, smooth muscles of visceral organs in the thorax, and abdomen. Accessory - correct answer Number: 11 Type: Motor Function: Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera, voice production. Hypoglossal - correct answer Number: Type: Motor Function: Tongue movements Contractability - correct answer ability of muscle tissue to shorten and contract forcefully Excitability - correct answer ability to generate an action potential in response to a stimulus Extensibility - correct answer ability of muscle to stretch or get longer
Receptor - correct answer site of stimulus action sensory neurons - correct answer neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord Integration Center - correct answer either monosynaptic or polysynaptic region within the CNS Motor Neuron - correct answer a neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing a reaction Effector - correct answer Muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting somatic reflexes - correct answer activate skeletal muscle Autonomic (visceral) reflexes - correct answer Reflexes that activate smooth or cardiac muscle and/or glands. Stretch Reflex - correct answer the contraction of a muscle in response to stretch of that muscle All stretch reflexes are: - correct answer monosynaptic and ipsilateral (motor activity in on same side of body). frontal lobe function - correct answer important for cognitive functions and control of voluntary movement or activity parietal lobe function - correct answer processes information about temperature, taste, touch and movement temporal lobe function - correct answer processes memories, integrating them with sensations of taste, sound, sight and touch.
occipital lobe function - correct answer visual processing Medulla - correct answer the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing Cerebellum function - correct answer Balance and coordination cerebrum function - correct answer thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory brain stem function - correct answer Connects the brain and spinal cord Synergists - correct answer (helper)- Small muscle that aids prime mover Antagonists - correct answer (against) Muscle that is opposing an action Agonist - correct answer (leader) Primer mover. Muscle that is causing an action dura mater - correct answer -outermost layer -made of tough, white, fiborous connective tissue -contains many blood vessels -attaches to inside of cranial cavity arachnoid mater - correct answer -middle layer -thin, web-like membrane -lacks blood vessels -between dura and pia *subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia, contains cerebrospinal fluid
Give an example of a class 2 lever - correct answer Stand on the tip of your toes Load is between the pivot and the effort (wheel barrow) Mechanical advantage because the effort is less than the load. Give an example of a class 3 lever - correct answer Bend your arm Load is further away from the pivot than the effort Hypothalamus - correct answer found inferior to the thalamus, has 4 major regions, controls many body activities and is one of the major regulators of homeostasis. Thalamus - correct answer located superior to the midbrain & contains nuclei that serves as relay station for all sensory impulses (EXCEPT SMELL) to the cerebral cortex. Plays role in maintenance of consciousness Epithalamus - correct answer lies superior and posterior to the thalamus and contains the pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes melatonin (what helps us sleep) and habenular nuclei which are involved in olfaction How do the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together? - correct answer the hormones of the pituitary help regulate functions of other endocrine glands. the hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormones. Skeletal Muscle Cells - correct answer -Longest type of muscle cell -Length is greater than width -Look like "fibers" in a microscope (muscle cells/muscle fibers) -Multinucleated (more than one nucleus) What is the Fascia? - correct answer the membrane around entire muscle tissue
What is a Fascicle? - correct answer a bundle of muscle fibers What is the Sarcolemma? - correct answer the membrane around one muscle fiber What is a Myofibril? - correct answer Many of these units make up a single muscle fiber. These are made up of sarcomeres. Skeletal Muscle Cells consist of two muscle proteins - correct answer Myosin (A bands): Thick and dark protein Actin (I bands): Thin and light (color) protein electrical excitability - correct answer the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential Fixator - correct answer stabilizes the origin of a prime mover Action Potential (AP) - correct answer allow communication over short and long distances graded potential GP - correct answer allow communication over short distances only blood flow to the brain - correct answer via the vertebral and carotid arteries and flows back to the heart via the jugular veins pons - correct answer A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
Propioreceptors - correct answer provide information about body position, muscle length, and tension & position and movements of joints. Tactile sensations - correct answer touch, pressure, vibration, itch and tickle first order neuron - correct answer impulses from somatic receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord second order neurons - correct answer impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus third order neurons - correct answer impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cortex on the same side Posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway - correct answer impulses from the limbs, trunk, neck, & posterior head Anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway - correct answer impulses for pain, temperature, itch, tickle, & posterior head Trigeminothalamic pathway - correct answer impulses from MOST somatic sensations- tactile, thermal & pain- from face, nasal cavity, oral cavity & teeth Anterior & posterior spinocerebellar pathway - correct answer convey nerve impulses from proprioceptors in trunk, and lower limb of ONE side of body and to same side of cerebellum Tendon reflex - correct answer Causes relaxation of the muscle attached to the stimulated tendon flexor (withdrawal) reflex - correct answer causes withdrawal of a limb to avoid injury or pain
Crossed-Extensor Reflex - correct answer maintains balance during a withdrawal reflex Sensory - correct answer ascending tracts Motor - correct answer descending tracts Cervical Plexus - correct answer (Anterior Ventral) Supplies the skin and muscles of the head, neck, superior portion of the shoulders and chest, and diaphragm. Brachial Plexus - correct answer (Ventral Rami) Provides almost the entire nerve supply to the shoulders and upper limbs Lumbar Plexus - correct answer (Anterior Ventral) Supplies the skin and muscles of the abdominal wall, external genitalia, and part of the lower limbs Sacral Plexus - correct answer (Anterior Ventral) Supplies the buttocks, perineum, and most of the lower limbs The Spinal Cord starts and ends where? - correct answer starts: medulla oblongata ends: L (in newborns ends L3-L4) Growth Hormone (GH) - correct answer regulates the growth of the body Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - correct answer stimulates secretion from thyroid gland Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - correct answer secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum) luteinizing hormone (LH) - correct answer stimulates ovaries and testes
epinephrine and norepinephrine - correct answer fight-or-flight responses, wakefulness, alertness nervous system releases - correct answer neurotransmitters endrocine system releases - correct answer hormones
