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Chapter 11 The Blood Test Exam Questions with
Answers Latest Update
Multiple Choice
- Blood is a connective tissue comprised of cellular elements and an extracellular matrix comprised primarily of water. What is the name of the blood’s extracellular matrix? (a) hematocrit. (b) fibrinogen. (c) buffy coat. (d) plasma. (e) none of these answers. ANSWER : d
- Albumin belongs to the group of in the blood plasma. (a) hormones. (b) electrolytes. (c) proteins. (d) gases (O 2 , CO 2 , N 2 ). (e) red blood cells. ANSWER : c
- The amount of blood in the human body is about liters. (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 12 (e) 15 ANSWE R : b
- The red cell count is normally about million cells per cubic millimeter. (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 15 (e) 20 ANSWER : b
- Which is not a function of plasma proteins? (a) Plasma proteins are responsible for the blood colloid osmotic pressure. Page 1 of 27
2 Chapter Eleven (b) Provide a source of readily available amino acids to be utilized by the tissue cells for the synthesis of new tissue proteins. (c) Antibodies are gamma globulins important in the body’s defense mechanism. (d) Plasma proteins play a role in buffering changes in pH in the body fluids. (e) The presence of plasma proteins in the blood is the primary factor responsible for preventing excessive loss of plasma from the capillaries into the interstitial fluid. ANSWER : b
- The buffy coat which represents < 1% of the whole blood is comprised of: (a) erythrocytes and platelets. (b) leukocytes and platelets. (c) leukocytes and clotting factors. (d) platelets and clotting factors. (e) clotting factors and albumins. ANSWER : b
- What advantages does the biconcavity of the erythrocyte impart on the cell? (a) It increases the overall surface area. (b) It increases the flexibility of the cell. (c) It prevents toxins from entering the cell. (d) All of these ANSWER s. (e) None of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : a
- In question #7 (above) why is this important? (a) It prevents osmolarity changes. (b) It increases the rate of gas exchange. (c) It provides an additional area for endocytosis. (d) It encourages cellular respiration. (e) None of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : b
- The function of plasma albumins is: (a) contributing to the clotting process. (b) body defense. (c) maintenance of the blood’s osmotic pressure. (d) transport of lipids. (e) transport of metal minerals.
4 Chapter Eleven (b) Erythrocytes may take on many different shapes. (c) Erythrocytes originate from the same undifferentiated pluripotential stem cells as leukocytes and platelets. (d) Erythrocytes are unable to utilize the O 2 they contain for their own ATP formation. (e) Erythrocytes only live about five days. ANSWER : e
- Which organ removes most of the worn-out red blood cells from the circulation? (a) bone marrow. (b) kidney. (c) large intestine. (d) pancreas. (e) spleen. ANSWER : e
- Erythrocytes: (a) do not contain a nucleus. (b) survive an average of 120 days. (c) do not have the ability to use O 2 for energy production despite the fact that they transport O 2 to all the other tissues of the body. (d) do not contain a nucleus and survive an average of 120 days. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : e
- Which is the most abundant type of cellular element in the blood? (a) erythrocytes. (b) neutrophils. (c) leukocytes. (d) lymphocytes. (e) platelets. ANSWER : a
- Erythrocytes: (a) are large cells. (b) participate in the clotting of blood. (c) defend the body against foreign substances. (d) possess binding sites for oxygen and CO 2 (e) possess all of the organelles found in other cell types. ANSWER : d
- Which one of the following examples of a reticulocyte percentage among the erythrocytes in
the circulation indicates a high degree of erythropoiesis? (a) 0. (b) 0. (c) 0. (d) 1. (e)
ANSWE R : e
- Hemoglobin: (a) consists of a protein made up of four highly folded polypeptide chains and four iron-containing nonprotein, nitrogenous groups. (b) appears reddish when combined with O 2 and bluish when deoxygenated. (c) can combine only with O 2. (d) both (a) and (b) above are correct. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : d
- Hemoglobin: (a) is found in the nuclei of red blood cells. (b) contains carbonic anhydrase. (c) can combine with O 2 , CO 2 , H
- , NO, and CO. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : c
- Iron: (a) can combine reversibly with O 2. (b) deficiency can produce anemia. (c) is converted into bilirubin and secreted into the bile when an old red blood cell ruptures and is degraded. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : d
- In addition to transporting oxygen hemoglobin transports: (a) some carbon dioxide. (b) nitric oxide. (c) buffered hydrogen ions. (d) both (a) and (b) above. (f) all these ANSWER s. ANSWER : e
- Which of the following statements concerning iron is incorrect? (a) Iron is found in the heme portion of the hemoglobin molecule. Page 5 of 27
(e) all these ANSWER s. ANSWER : e
- Which type of anemia is caused by a genetic abnormality? (a) pernicious. (b) hemorrhagic. (c) sickle-cell. (d) nutritional. (e) iron-deficient. ANSWER : c
- Pernicious anemia develops from a deficiency of: (a) ATP. (b) carbonic anhydrase. (c) cobalt. (d) several hormones. (e) the intrinsic factor. ANSWER : e
- Erythropoietin: (a) is secreted by the bone marrow. (b) stimulates red blood cell production. (c) converts prothrombin to thrombin. (d) is deficient in pernicious anemia. (e) more than one of these. ANSWER : b
- Anemia results from a reduced O 2 -carrying capacity of the blood, which can be caused by a decrease in the number of (a) leukocytes. (b) lymphocytes. (c) macrophages. (d) erythrocytes. (e) monocytes. ANSWER : d
- Which of the following is not a possible cause of anemia? (a) dietary deficiency of folic acid. (b) deficiency of intrinsic factor. (c) malaria. (d) carbon monoxide poisoning. (e) living at high altitude. ANSWER : e
- In aplastic anemia: (a) there is insufficient hemoglobin formation due to iron deficiency. Page 7 of 27
8 Chapter Eleven (b) there is an acute loss of blood. (c) destruction of the bone marrow has occurred due to toxic chemicals or radiation. (d) the stomach secretes inadequate intrinsic factor, which is essential for intestinal absorption of vitamin B 12. (e) there is increased fragility of the erythrocyte cell membrane. ANSWER : c
- If 24 packed volume units of cells are separated from 36 volume units of plasma from a blood sample, the hematocrit is percent. (a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 40 (d) 48 (e) 6 7 ANSW ER : c
- What form of polycythemia occurs when an individual lives in a high altitude environment? (a) primary. (b) secondary. (c) tertiary. (d) relative. (e) none of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : b
- White blood cells: (a) are the most abundant type of blood cell. (b) do not have nuclei. (c) are actually only cell fragments. (d) defend the body against foreign invasion. (e) are found only in the blood. ANSWER : d
- Which of the following is not a function of white blood cells? (a) activation of factor XII, which triggers the clotting cascade. (b) production of antibodies. (c) destruction of cancer cells. (d) phagocytosis of foreign invaders. (e) phagocytosis of cellular debris. ANSWER : a
- Which cellular element has the lowest count in the blood? (a) platelets. (b) neutrophils.
10 Chapter Eleven
- Granulocytes include: (a) neutrophils. (b) eosinophils. (c) basophils. (d) both eosinophils and basophils. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : e
- Lymphocytes: (a) are polymorphonuclear granulocytes. (b) are the most abundant type of leukocyte. (c) can be produced in lymphoid organs as well as in the bone marrow. (d) two of these ANSWER s. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : c
- Basophils: (a) contain granules that preferentially take up a basic blue dye. (b) leave the blood to become macrophages. (c) synthesize and store histamine and heparin. (d) two of these ANSWER s. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : d
- The most abundant agranulocyte is the: (a) basophil. (b) eosinophil. (c) lymphocyte. (d) monocyte. (e) neutrophil. ANSWER : c
- An increase in the circulating number of is associated with parasite infestations. (a) neutrophils. (b) eosinophils. (c) basophils. (d) lymphocytes. (e) monocytes. ANSWER : b
- Neutrophilia frequently accompanies: (a) bacterial infections. (b) viral infections. (c) parasitic infestations. (d) allergic conditions. (e) all of these ANSWER s.
ANSWER : a
- leave the blood after circulating for only a day or two and become the large tissue phagocytes known as macrophages. (a) neutrophils. (b) eosinophils. (c) basophils. (d) lymphocytes. (e) monocytes. ANSWER : e
- Which of the following can occur with leukemia? (a) inadequate defense capabilities against. foreign invasion despite an excessive number of white blood cells. (b) anemia. (c) internal bleeding. (d) two of these ANSWER s. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : e
- Neutrophils: (a) are the most abundant type of white blood cell. (b) attach to a parasitic worm and secrete substances that kill it. (c) are stimulated to replicate and be released from the bone marrow in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (d) are similar structurally to mast cells. (e) both (a) and (c) above. ANSWER : e
- Which of the following statements concerning platelets is incorrect? (a) Platelets are produced in the bone marrow. (b) Platelets form the meshwork of a blood clot upon which the other cellular elements become entrapped. (c) Platelets form a plug when they adhere to the exposed collagen of a damaged vessel. (d) Aggregated platelets release serotonin, epinephrine, and thromboxane A2. (e) Aggregated platelets release ADP, which causes the surface of nearby circulating platelets to become sticky so that they also adhere to the enlarging platelet plug. ANSWER : b
- Select the platelet count per cubic millimeter that is within the normal range. (a) 100, Page 11 of 27
(e) thrombopoietin. ANSWER : c
- Prostacyclin: (a) activates the clotting cascade. (b) induces profound vasoconstriction of an injured vessel. (c) profoundly inhibits platelet aggregation. (d) is released by aggregated platelets. (e) dissolves the clot. ANSWER : c
- Which of the following types of blood cellular elements lack nuclei? (a) platelets. (b) erythrocytes. (c) leukocytes. (d) both platelets and erythrocytes. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : d
- Exposed collagen in a damaged vessel: (a) activates factor XII to initiate blood clotting. (b) initiates platelet aggregation. (c) secretes ADP, which causes platelets to become sticky. (d) activates factor XII to initiate blood clotting and initiates platelet aggregation. (e) all of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : d 66. Platelets are normally attracted to a (a) collection of white blood cells. (b) disrupted surface of a blood vessel. (c) smooth surface. (d) source of ATP production. (e) surface where the blood meets the air. ANSWER : b
- What chemical signal released by healthy endothelial tissue prevent over growth of platelet plugs? (a) ATP. (b) fibrinogen. (c) prostacyclin. (d) thromboxane. (e) thrombopoietin. ANSWER : c Page 13 of 27
14 Chapter Eleven
- Which of the following is not accomplished by thrombin? (a) stimulates conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. (b) activates tissue thromboplastin, which initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway. (c) activates factor XIII (fibrin- stabilizing factor). (d) enhances platelet aggregation. (e) acts in positive-feedback fashion to facilitate its own formation. ANSWER : b
- In the last step of blood coagulation: (a) Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen. (b) Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. (c) Platelet factor enter numerous reactions. (d) Prothrombin is converted to thrombin. (e) Thrombin is converted to prothrombin. ANSWER : b
- When small blood vessels are damaged, loss of blood is prevented by: (a) platelet aggregation. (b) vasoconstriction of these vessels. (c) formation of a platelet plug. (d) all of these ANSWER s. (e) none of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : d
- Platelets: (a) convert prothrombin to thrombin. (b) form the meshwork upon which the erythrocytes become trapped to produce a clot. (c) adhere and aggregate when they contact exposed collagen in the walls of a broken blood vessel. (d) release fibrinogen once a platelet plug is formed. (e) none of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : c
- The extrinsic clotting pathway: (a) is set off by factor XII. (b) clots blood in tissues. (c) has more steps than the intrinsic pathway. (d) is set of when Hageman factor comes into contact with collagen in an injured vessel. (e) none of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : b
- Which is the correct sequence of events leading to clot formation?
16 Chapter Eleven
- Since fibrinogen is always present in the blood but the blood does not clot, must normally be absent. (a) prothrombin. (b) thrombin. (c) calcium. (d) red blood cells. (e) platelets. ANSWER : b
- Clots are slowly dissolved by: (a) tissue thromboplastin. (b) prostacyclin. (c) plasmin. (d) calcium. (e) exposed collagen. ANSWER : c
- Which chemical is not involved in fibrinolysis? (a) plasmin. (b) plasminogen. (c) tissue plasminogen activator. (d) thrombin. (e) Hageman factor. ANSWER : d
- The condition that results from inadequate amounts of platelets is: (a) hemophilia. (b) sickle cell anemia. (c) thrombocytopenia. (d) Hageman disorder. (e) none of these ANSWER s. ANSWER : c
- Hemophilia results from: (a) a deficiency of platelets. (b) inadequate hemoglobin production. (c) vitamin B 12 deficiency. (d) a inability to produce one of the factors in the clotting cascade. (e) excess production of heparin. ANSWER : d
- The deficiency of vitamin can cause a bleeding tendency. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) K
ANSWER : e
- Plasmin: (a) disposes of fibrin. (b) inhibits red blood cell production. (c) is a cofactor in blood clotting. (d) stimulates fibrin production. (e) stimulates red blood cell production. ANSWER : a True/False
- If the hematocrit is 47, this means that 47 percent of the whole blood consists of plasma. ANSWER : False
- If the hematocrit is 42 percent, this means that 58 percent of the whole blood is comprised of plasma. ANSWER : True
- Per cubic millimeter white blood cells are more numerous than red blood cells. ANSWER : False
- The plasma is about 50 percent water. ANSWER : False
- Plasma proteins are not normally used as metabolic fuels. ANSWER : True
- Antibodies are gamma globulins produced by B lymphocytes. ANSWER : True
- Many of the clotting factors are alpha or beta globulins. ANSWER : True
- All of the constituents present in the plasma are freely diffusible across the capillary walls. ANSWER : False Page 17 of 27
106.Anemia refers to a reduction in the oxygen- carrying capacity of the blood. ANSWER : True 107.Aplastic anemia is due to intrinsic factor deficiency. ANSWER : False 108.Pernicious anemia occurs when the bone marrow is destroyed by drugs or radiation. ANSWER : False 109.The hematocrit is lower than normal in anemia. ANSWER : True 110.Polycythemia can occur in association with chronic lung disease. ANSWER : True 111.The hemolysis of red blood cells means that they rupture. ANSWER : True 112.Polycythemia increases the viscosity of the blood, thus increasing the total peripheral resistance. ANSWER : True 113.The rate of erythropoiesis normally increases in a person adjusting to higher altitudes. ANSWER : True 114.All types of white blood cells can be produced in the bone marrow as well as in lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes and tonsils. ANSWER : False 115.Leukocytes lack hemoglobin. ANSWER : True 116.Antibodies are produced by both B and T lymphocytes. ANSWER : False Page 19 of 27
20 Chapter Eleven 117.The lymphocyte is a granulocyte. ANSWER : False 118.The granular leukocytes are more numerous than the agranular leukocytes per cubic millimeter. ANSWER : True 119.Neutrophilia frequently accompanies bacterial infections. ANSWER : True 120.Basophils are the least numerous of the leukocytes per cubic millimeter. ANSWER : True 121.Platelets are important in the process of hemostasis. ANSWER : True 122.Leukocytes are formed from megakaryocytes. ANSWER : False 123.Specific hormones direct the differentiation and proliferation of the various types of white blood cells. ANSWER : True 124.Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulates the replication and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow. ANSWER : True 125.Thrombopoietin increases the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. ANSWER : True 126.The first step in hemostasis is the formation of a blood clot. ANSWER : False 127.Fibrin forms the meshwork of the clot. ANSWER : True
