Blood (Professional Nursing Notes), Slides of Nursing

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Blood

By: Madiha Saleem

RM BSN, MSN (Scholar) DUHS

Dow Institute of Nursing and Midwifery Dow University of Health Sciences

Objectives By the end of this lecture the students will be able to:

• Define blood and list its functions.
• Describe the composition, sites of production and functions of cellular parts of blood and plasma.
• Discuss the composition of blood plasma.
• Explain the ABO blood group and RH factor.

Blood Blood has two components.

• Plasma: fluid part (55%)
• Formed blood cells (45%) Erythrocytes (RBCs) Leukocytes (WBCs) Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Composition of blood

Blood

Physical Characteristics of Blood

• Blood is more viscous (thicker) than water and feels slightly sticky.
• The temperature of blood is 38C (100.4F),about 1C higher than oral or rectal body temperature.
• PH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
• The color of Blood varies with its oxygen content.

Functions of the Blood

• Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones.
• Regulates: Circulating blood, maintain homeostasis, regulate pH, adjust body temperature.
• Protection Protect against foreign microbes and toxins.

Plasma

• The fluid matrix of the blood is called blood plasma.
• When the formed elements are removed from blood, a straw colored liquid called blood plasma (or simply plasma) is left.
• 91% water
• 2% solutes
• Nutrients, waste products, gases, enzymes, hormones
• 7% proteins
• Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

Substances in Blood Plasma

• Water (91%)
• Water (91%) Liquid portion of blood.
• Acts as solvent and suspending medium for components of blood; absorbs, transports, and releases heat.

Proteins (7.0%) Albumins

• Smallest and most numerous blood plasma proteins; produced by liver.
• Function as transport proteins for several steroid hormones and for fatty acids. Globulins
• Alpha and beta globulins transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. Fibrinogen
• Produced by liver. Plays role in blood clotting

Functions of Blood Plasma

• Transport Nutrients
• Transport Waste
• Maintain Blood Volume

ABO Blood group

• The ABO blood group is based on two glycolipid antigen called A and B. People whose RBCs display only antigen A have type A blood. Those who have only antigen B are type B. Those who have both A and B antigen type AB Individual who have neither A nor B are type O.

Blood Types Compatibility

Universal Donor & Universal Recipient