BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Course Outline
DEF INIT ION OF BLO OD
POR TION S OF THE BLOOD
ETI OLOG Y OF BLOOD CELL
UND ERST ANDING BLO OD TRAN SFUSION TH ERAPY
ELI GIBLE & INELIG IBLE TO B LOOD DONAT ION
BLO OD C LOTTING FA CTORS
NUR SE’S RE SPONSIB ILITY
TRA NSFUSIO N PR ECAUTIO NS
DOCUMENT ATION
BLO OD P RODUCTS
BLO OD T RANSFUSION
TRA NSFUSIO N REACT IONS
BLOOD is a mixture of cells and a complex TRANSPORT
mechanism
T – transports hormones
R – removes waste products
R – regulates body temperature
P – protects the body
P – promotes hemostasis
S – supplies oxygen
PORT IONS OF THE BLO OD
Blood is composed of 55% of plasma and 45% cellular
components. The body contains 10-12 pints (5-6 L) of blood,
your whole blood donation approximately 1 pint or equivalent
to 450-500 ml.
Plasma is the main component of blood and consists mostly of
water with CHON, ions, nutrients, lipids, glucose, and salt mixed
in.
Platelets is a blood cell that is responsible for blood clotting. It
stops the bleeding and promote blood clotting.
White blood cells are cells that play a major role in defense in
microorganisms, so they fight viruses, bacteria, and other
foreign invaders that threaten your health.
Red blood cells are responsible for carrying and transportation
of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Erythropoietin is a hormone that is produced by the kidneys
when oxygen levels in the blood are low. It acts in bone marrow
to stimulate the production of mature red blood cells, to
maintain healthy oxygen levels in our tissues.
ETIOLO GY OF BLOOD C ELL
Blood cells do not originate in the bloodstream itself but in
specific blood-forming organs, notably the marrow of certain
bones. In the human adult, the bone marrow produces all the
red blood cells.
The lymphatic tissues, particularly the thymus, the spleen, and
the lymph nodes, produce the lymphocytes. And then, the
reticuloendothelial tissues of the spleen, liver, lymph nodes,
and other organs produce the monocytes.
UNDERSTA NDING BLOOD T RANSFUSION THERAP Y
BLO OD T RANSFUSION
▪ The infusion of whole blood or blood component into
the patient’s venous circulation.
▪ Lifesaving therapy for patients with medical or surgical
conditions that need blood.
▪ RA 7719 [National Blood Services Act of 1994] – an act
of promoting voluntary blood donation.
▪ The volume of fluids will adjust within a few hours
after your donation. The RBC will be replaced within a
few weeks.
▪ The minimum interval between 2 donations is 12
weeks or 3 months.
Indications of blood transfusion:
(a) Hemorrhage caused by trauma
(b) High blood loss surgery
(c) Hemolysis
(d) Anemia
Purposes:
To restore and maintain blood volume.
To improve the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
To replace deficient blood components.
WHO CAN & WHO CAN’T GIVE BLOOD
▪ Eligible donors must:
18 and above
Weigh at least 110lb
Skin disease free
Not donated in the past 56 days
Hgb level is at least 12.5g/dl [women] or
13.5g/dl [men]
Normal VS
