Blood Type - Water Management - Lecture Slide, Slides of Water and Wastewater Engineering

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Blood type is determined by

Agglutinogens

• are specific glycoproteins on red blood cell membranes.
• All RBCs in an individual carry the same specific type of agglutinogens.

ABO Blood Groups

Type A: RBCs carry agglutinogen A.

Type B: RBCs carry agglutinogen B.

Type O: RBCs carry no A nor B agglutinogens.

Type AB: RBCs carry both A and B agglutinogens.

Agglutinins

• are preformed antibodies in plasma
• bind to agglutinogens that are not carried by host RBCs
• cause agglutination --- aggregation and lysis of incompatible RBCs.

B

B

B

B^ B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B B

B

B

Agglutinin B

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B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B B

B B B B B B

B

B

B

B B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B^ B

Mix Type A plasma with Type B RBCs

• RBCs carry type B agglutinogens.
• Plasma contain agglutinin against A agglutinogens.

Type B blood

A

A

A

A A A

B

B B

B

B^ B

B B

B

• RBCs carry neither type A nor type B agglutinogens.
• Plasma contain agglutinin against both A and B agglutinogens.
• The person can accept only type O blood transfusion.

Type O blood

A

A

A

A A A

B

B B B

Type AB blood

Agglutinogen(s): A and B

No A nor B

B

A

Agglutinin(s)?

Blood Type Agglutinogen

(on RBC)

Agglutinin

(in Plasma)

A A B

B B A

O A & B

AB A & B

Summary of ABO Blood Groups