Bonding and Structure
Coarse particles: Coarse particles (PM10) have diameters between 1 x 10-5 m
and 2.5 x 10-6m. They are often referred to as dust.
Conductor: A material which contains charged particles which are free to move
to carry electrical or thermal energy.
Covalent bond: A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.
Diamond: A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of
which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.
Electrostatic forces: The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged
ions.
Empirical formula: The smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
in a compound.
Fine particles: Fine particles (PM2.5) have diameters between 100 and 2500
nm (1 x 10-7 m
and 2.5 x 10-6 m).
Fullerenes: Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The
structures
are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings
with five or seven carbon atoms.
Gas: The state of matter where the particles have the most energy. The
particles in a gas are relatively spread out and move randomly in all directions.
Graphene: A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in
electronics and composites.
