Bone Structure and Function, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Bone Structure and Function and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Test Bank 1) The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n) A) long bone. B) flat bone. C) short bone. D) irregular bone. - D 2) The calcaneus bone of the foot is an example of a(n) A) long bone. B) flat bone. C) short bone. D) irregular bone. - C 3) Which of the following is not associated with spongy bone? A) Trabeculae B) Osteons C) Canaliculi D) Osteocytes - B 4) Which of the following bone shape is stated with an incorrect example? A) Long bone - forearm bones B) Short bone - wrist and ankle bones C) Flat bone - thigh bone D) Irregular bone - vertebrae - C 5) Compact bone has ________, whereas spongy bone has ________. A) spaces that reduce the weight of bone; tightly packed matrix that is solid B) osteons; trabeculae C) trabeculae; osteons D) osteocytes; no osteocytes - B 6) Articular cartilage of a long bone is found A) on the outer surface of the epiphyses. B) inside the medullary cavity. C) on the outer surface of the diaphysis. D) in the spaces of the spongy bone. - A 7) Articular cartilage is A) fibrocartilage. B) found only in the knees and elbows. C) elastic cartilage. D) hyaline cartilage. - D 8) A six-month-old baby is admitted to the hospital with a broken bone. This is the third fracture in the otherwise healthy child. The parents are arrested on charges of child abuse. The defense lawyer gets the charges dropped after the results of genetic tests indicate which of the following conditions? A) Polydactyly B) Osteoporosis C) Osteogenesis imperfecta D) Anemia - C 9) A bone thickens A) as a result of cell division in the medullary cavity. B) due to increased production of bone matrix by osteoclasts. C) as a result of increased activity within the epiphyseal plate. D) as compact bone is deposited beneath the periosteum of the diaphysis. - D 10) A bone lengthens B) 5 years C) 15 years D) 25 years - D 20) Which one of the following is true? A) Osteoblasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down calcified bone matrix. B) Osteoblasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae. C) Osteoclasts secrete bone matrix and become osteoblasts. D) Osteoclasts deposit bone matrix around themselves and become osteocytes when they are isolated in lacunae. - B 21) It is possible to determine if a child's long bone is growing by examining a radiograph of the bone and looking for a(n) A) diaphysis. B) medullary cavity. C) epiphyseal plate. D) articular cartilage. - C 22) Endochondral ossification ________, whereas intramembranous ossification ________. A) replaces hyaline cartilage; replaces undifferentiated connective tissue B) forms bone in broad, flat areas of the skull; occurs in the limbs C) inhibits osteoblast activity; activates osteoclast activity D) activates osteoclasts; inhibits osteoblast activity - A 23) If during the process of intramembranous ossification, the ossification center was removed, the result would be A) no bone grows. B) a hollow space develops in between the two layers of compact bone, as no spongy bone is produced. C) surrounding mesenchymal cells will not condense into periosteum because the ossification center is where these cells arise. D) blood vessels will be encouraged to invade the area. - A 24) The thyroid hormone thyroxine ________. A) increases cartilage production in the epiphyseal plate B) stimulates osteoclasts C) stimulates replacement of cartilage with bone in the epiphyseal plate D) removes calcium from bone - C 25) Which is true of sex hormones? A) They inhibit osteoblast activity. B) They have no effect on bone. C) They stimulate ossification of the epiphyseal plates. D) Their action on bone growth is stronger in males than in females. - C 26) Exercise ________ and ________ bones. A) thickens; elongates B) elongates; weakens C) thickens; strengthens D) thins; atrophies - C 27) Red bone marrow functions in the formation of A) red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. B) red blood cells only. C) white blood cells only. D) red and white blood cells only. - A 28) Which of the following does not describe the function(s) of the skeletal system? A) It interacts with muscles, providing movement. B) It stores inorganic salts. C) It protects organs, especially in the head and thorax. D) It generates the movements of the limbs. - D 29) Which of the following is the most abundant form in which calcium is found in the inorganic matrix of the bone? A) Calcium oxalate B) Hydroxyapatite C) Calcium pyrophosphate D) Calcium carbonate - B 30) Which of the following is not a function of bones? A) Contraction B) Attachment for muscles C) Blood cell production D) Storage of inorganic salts - A 31) Bones A) are not living tissue. B) are multifunctional. C) do not contribute to homeostasis. D) have a matrix composed mostly of organic salts. - B 32) The axial skeleton includes A) the upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pectoral girdles. B) the skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column. C) the radius, ulna, carpals, and phalanges. D) the femur, tibia, and fibula. - B B) thoracic vertebrae. C) cervical vertebrae. D) sacral vertebrae. - C 43) If the atlas and axis were replaced with typical cervical vertebrae, ________ would be affected. A) the ability to move the arms B) protection of the spinal cord C) the ability to pivot the head from side to side D) stability of the cervical intervertebral disks - C 44) Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called A) true ribs. B) false ribs. C) floating ribs. D) vertebrochondral ribs. - A 45) The clavicles A) provide attachments for muscles of the back, chest, and upper limbs. B) are the strongest bones in the body. C) provide attachments for muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. D) are part of the axial skeleton. - A 46) The three borders of the scapula are called A) the frontal, pivotal, and dorsal borders. B) the superior, lateral, and medial borders. C) the acromion process, coracoid process, and glenoid cavity. D) the supraspinous, infraspinous, and subscapular borders. - 47) Phalanges are A) skull bones. B) forearm bones. C) finger and toe bones. D) wrist and ankle bones. - C 48) The capitulum and trochlea are located A) at the proximal end of the humerus. B) at the distal end of the humerus. C) at the distal end of the ulna. D) in the hand. - B 49) If the trochlea was removed, what joint would be affected? A) The humeroulnar joint B) The humeroradial joint C) The tibiofemoral joint D) The iliofemoral joint - A 50) Having extra digits is termed A) polydactyly. B) polyuria. C) polyploidy. D) polydipsia. - A 51) Which of the following are not components of the pelvic girdle? A) Hip bones B) Coxal bones C) Femur D) Sacrum - C 52) If the acetabulum was malformed, which joint would be affected? A) The humeroulnar joint B) The tibiofemoral joint C) The iliofemoral joint D) The sternoclavicular joint - C 53) The acetabulum is A) a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur. B) a protuberance in the hip bone that attaches to the head of the femur. C) the prominence of the hip. D) the anterior portion of the hip bone. - A 54) Which of the following describes a female's pelvis compared to a male's pelvis? A) A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with lighter bones. B) A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with lighter bones. C) A cavity that is wider in all dimensions, with heavier bones. D) A cavity that is narrower in all dimensions, with heavier bones. - A 55) Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male? A) The angle of the female pubic arch is smaller. B) The distance between the female ischial spines is greater. C) The obturator foramen is more oval in a female. D) The female iliac bones are less flared. - B 56) The femur A) is the longest bone in the body. B) is part of the pelvic girdle. C) directly articulates with the fibula. D) possesses a medial malleolus. - A