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BOT3015 Quiz 2 2024-
leaves Plants are capable of capturing energy from the sun and storing it as sugars. Chlorophyll in the __________ gives them a green color and allows plants to perform photosynthesis.
blade The flattened portion of a leaf is called a(n) ___________.
petiole Most eudicot leaves have a flattened blade and a slender stalk, call the __________. deciduous What type of plants have leaves that live only through one growing season? A. evergreen B. stipules C. deciduous E. hearty
Leaf What structure of the plant is mainly responsible for capturing and storing the energy of the sun through photosynthesis? A. Leaves B. Stems C. Flowers D. Roots
stomata Evaporation of water through the ___________ can lower the temperature of a leaf. A. rachis B. epidermis C. hydathode D. stomata
Transpiration What is the term for the process when water evaporates from the moist inner cells at the surface of the leaf? A. Pressure-flow B. Guttation C. Transpiration D. Hydraulic lift
water Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter leaves, while allowing __________ vapor to exit leaves.
Palisade mesophyll packed, barrel-shaped parenchyma cells that are typically in two layers
Spongy mesophyll loosely arranged parenchyma cells with lots of air space in between
epidermis The mesophyll encompasses all the tissues between the lower and upper __________ of a leaf.
apply.) A. sunken stomata B. Thin leaves C. Dense, hairy coverings D. All stomata on the upper epidermis E. Succulent leaves
palisade This is a cross section of a leaf. The black circle is in the __________ layer of the leaf mesophyll. Chloroplasts Chlorenchyma cells are parenchyma cells that contain A. chlorine B. crystals C. chloroplasts hypodermis In a conifer, the layer of thick-walled cells beneath the epidermis is called the A. hypodermis B. endodermis C. mesophyll Tendril This is an example of what type of modified leaf? A. Reproductive leaf B. Tendril C. Bract D. Window leaf Spine
There are several types of spiny structures that can grow on plants. Which one of these is a modified leaf? A. Thorn B. Prickle C. Spine
anthocyanins; xanthophylls; carotenes Which of these are pigments that could make a leaf turn green to some other bright color at the end of its life cycle? (Select all that apply.) A. chlorophyll B. anthocyanins C. tannins D. xanthophylls E. carotenes
Human use for leaves with the plant species:
Food lettuce, chard spinach, and more
Human use for leaves with the plant species:
Dye bearberry, henna, blue ash
Prickles outgrowths of the epidermis or cortex along the stem of a rose or raspberry
Pigments such as carotenes, xanthophylls and anthocyanins Some leaves turn orange, red, or yellow before they drop. What is present in them that makes them so colorful? A. Different tannins that react with proteins producing different colors B. Pigments such as chlorophyll and tannins C. Pigments like carotenes, xanthophylls and anthocyanins
abscission A leaf goes through __________ at the end of its life cycle before it is shed.
A: Stem B: Abscission zone C: Petiole Label the indicated regions in the photograph.
node The region where a leaf is attached to a stem is called a(n) A. node. B. internode. C. attachment point.
Opposite; Alternate; Whorled Plants can have three types of phyllotaxy. Which of these terms describes ways that leaves can be arranged along a stem?
A. Oblong B. Opposite C. Pinnate D. Alternate E. Whorled
79 A few of the 250,000 known species of flowering plants are incredibly important to humans. Just 11 species produce __________% of the world's food.
80 Annual plants Die after one year of growth
Biennial Plants that require two years to complete their life cycle
Perennial Plants that grow for many years
monocots The two major classes of plants are commonly known as __________ and dicots.
Seed with one cotyledon; Flower parts in threes; Parallel leaf veins Which of the following are characteristics of monocots? (Select all that apply.) A. Vascular bundles forming a ring in stems B. Flower parts in threes
anthers Pollen grains are developed in the __________ of a flower.
B Which of these groups of flower parts make up the pistil? A, B, or C
superior; inferior Ovaries are not always in the same position relative to other parts of a flower. Sometimes the calyx and corolla are attached to the receptacle below the ovary, so it is a(n) __________ ovary. Sometimes the receptacle grows up around the ovary, so that the calyx and corolla appear to be attached at the top of the ovary. This ovary is said to be __________.
Seed What is the product of fertilization of an an ovule? A. Plantlet B. Carpel C. Seed D. Ovary
Inferior ovary The calyx and corolla are seemingly attached to the top of the ovary.
Superior ovary The calyx and corolla are attached to the receptacle at the bottom of the ovary.
Green bean; cucumber; tomato Which of the following are fruits according to the botanical definition? (Select all that
apply.) A. Green bean B. Celery C. Cucumber D. Tomato E. Beet
A: Exocarp B: Mesocarp C. Endocarp Name the regions of the fruit illustrated.
Dehiscent What term is used to describe a dry fruit that opens at maturity? A. Explosive B. Dehiscent C. Propellant
It does not open at maturity; It is a dry fruit Which of the following is an characteristic(s) of an indehiscent fruit? (Select all that apply.) A. It is a fleshy fruit. B. It does not open at maturity. C. Is splits open along several seams to expel seeds. D. It is a dry fruit.
Inflated air sacs; Waxy material that prevents water absorption; Thick pericarp that absorbs water slowly Which of the following characteristics of seeds could provide for water dispersal of seeds by allowing them to float? (Select all that apply.) A. Air sacs filled with air B. Hooked hairs on exterior of seed coat C. Waxy substance preventing uptake of water D. Winged appendages on seed coat E. Thick pericarp that slowly takes up water
seeds Botanically, a fruit is a structure that contains __________.
indehiscent Dried fruits that do not split open at maturity are called __________ fruits.
Plumule The embryo shoot
Radicle The embryo root
Cotyledons The seed leaves
Epicotyl If the hypocotyl is the part of an embryonic stem that is below the attachment point of
the cotyledons, what do you call the part of an embryonic stem that is above the attachment point of the cotyledons? A. Epicotyl B. Plumule C. Radicle D. Epiphyte
epigeous Because kidney bean seedlings develop in such a way that their cotyledons break through above ground, they have been said to have __________ germination.
The endosperm In corn seeds, what tissue is the most important source of stored food or the developing seedling? A. The radicle B. The coleoptile C. The endosperm D. The cotyledon
Equilibrium When molecules are evenly distributed through the process of random movement, they are said to be in a state of __________.
It forms part of the water potential.; The needed pressure potential to offset it is called osmotic pressure.; It is dependent upon the concentration of solutes. Which of the following is true for osmotic potential? A. It is a part of water potential. B. The needed pressure potential that offsets it is called osmotic pressure.
can exert forces capable of splitting rock.
Energy must be expended to transport materials across a membrane. Explain the "active" in active transport. A. Moving things around the cells keeps the parts of the plant in good working order, ready for action. B. Large quantities of a few substances need to move around, so they keep the membranes active. C. Energy is required to move things across a membrane.
Active transport What term is used when plants use energy to move substances across a membrane? A. osmosis B. active transport C. bulk flow D. energetic transport
transpiration Water transport in xylem is driven by evaporation from leaves. This process is called __________.
water The most abundant and important substance in any plant cell is __________, without which enzymes wouldn't function, there would be no chemical activities, and herbaceous plants would lose their rigidity.
pressure The accumulation of ions in roots results in the creation of root __________.
Water to be pulled up the stem from the roots Evaporation of water in a leaf creates negative pressure in the xylem. This causes A. water to be pulled up the stem of the roots B. water to be pushed from the stem down to the roots C. water to slowly diffuse up the stem from the roots
Casparian strips Water moves through fine roots largely in the apoplast, including the space between cells and cellulose fibers in the cell wall. When water moving through roots reaches the endodermis, what structure prevents water from moving past, forcing it instead to diffuse across a semipermeable membrane, filtering out dissolved solutes? A. Casparian strips B. Root pressure C. Xylem cells
osmotic potential In the diagram, water is flowing across the membrane, down a concentration gradient, and fluid is rising in the neck of the tube. Which component of the water potential is driving the water across the membrane? A. pressure potential b. osmotic potential
turgor The pressure that develops as water enters plant cells called __________ pressure, is what makes plant cells rigid. If that pressure is lost, plants wilt.
water potential
D. They would be doing nothing.
CAM photosynthesis What kind of photosynthesis are plants doing if their stomata are only open at night? A. CAM photosynthesis B. C4 photosynthesis C. C3 photosynthesis (the usual kind) D. Desert photosynthesis
c crypts Some desert plants have their stomata sunken into stomatal __________, which help prevent water loss.
Transpiration rate When stomata open and close in response to temperature, humidity, or light intensity, which of the following will change coincidentally? A. Root growth rate B. Transpiration rate C. Cell division rate guttation Root pressure forces water droplets to exude from the leaves in a process called __________. Hydathodes What type of structure allows guttation? A. Stomata B. Aquaporins C. Hydathodes dew
While guttation is droplets of water expressed by the hydathodes, __________ is water that has condensed from the air. thicker Guard cells are like two sausage shaped balloons that are joined at each end. The part of the cell wall nearest the opening is __________ than the rest of this wall. stomata When plants cannot access water to keep up with the demands of transpiration they experience water stress. If this happens, __________ will close in response.
Water loss is kept to a bare minimum.; Plants convert CO2 to organic acids.; Stomata are open at night. Which of the following are features of CAM photosynthesis? (Select all that apply.) A. Water loss is kept to a bare minimum. B. This specialized mode of photosynthesis is common in wet areas. C. Plants convert CO2 to organic acids. D. Stomata are open at night. E. Plants convert CO2 into sugars directly. Nitrogen Wilting of leaves, starting with the oldest.
Sulfur Leaves pale green w/dead spots, veins lighter than rest of leaf.
Manganese Dead spots scattered over lear surface, effects confined to youngest leaves
Potassium Yellowing of leaves, esp at margins. Lower leaves often w/ brown tip.
