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BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR| GUARANTEE PASS
Brain - ANSWER -Is the Anglo-Saxon word for the tissue found
within the skull, and it described a part of the human nervous system
Neurons - ANSWER -Specialized nerve cell engaged in
information processing
Glial cells - ANSWER -Nervous system cell that provides
insulation, nutrient, and support and that aids in repairing neurons and eliminating waste products
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ANSWER -Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER -All the neurons in
the body outside the brain and spinal cord; provides sensory and motor connections to and from the central nervous system
Cerebrum (Forebrain) - ANSWER -Major structure of the
forebrain that consists of two mirror-image hemispheres (left and right) and is responsible for most conscious behavior
Hemishpere - ANSWER -Half of a sphere, referring to one side of
the cerebrum
Brainstem - ANSWER -Central structure of the brain responsible
for most unconscious behavior
Cerebellum - ANSWER -Major brainstem structure specialized for
learning and coordinating movements; assists the cerebrum in generating many behaviors
Embodied Behavior - ANSWER -Theory that the movements we
make and the movements we perceive in others are central to our behavior
Mental emptiness (Jacobson, 1932) - ANSWER -Under total
relaxation, people felt the brain had gone blank
Sensory deprivation (Heron, 1957) - ANSWER -People reported
the experience was extremely unpleasant. Some even hallucinated
Lock-in syndrome - ANSWER -Condition in which a patient is
awake but cannot move or communicate
Minimally conscious state (MCS) - ANSWER -Condition in witch a
person can display some elementary behaviors but is otherwise not conscious
Clinical trail - ANSWER -consensual experiment directed toward
developing a treatment
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) - ANSWER -Neurosurgery in which
electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low-voltage electrical current to facilitate behavior
Genotype - ANSWER -Particular genetic makeup of an individual
Epigenetics - ANSWER -Differences in gene expression related to
environment and experience
Materialism - ANSWER -Philosophical position that behavior can
be explained as a function of the nervous system without recourse to the mind
Eliminative Materialism - ANSWER -Mental states play no part in
a complete and final scientific account of the world. Mental states do not exist
Nerve Net - ANSWER -Simple nervous system that has no center
but consists of neurons that receive sensory information and connect directly to other neurons that move muscles
Bilateral Symmetry - ANSWER -Body plan in which organs or
parts presents on both sides of the body are mirror images in appearance
Segregation - ANSWER -Division into a number of parts that are
similar; refers to the idea that many animals, including vertebrates, are composed of similarly organized body segments
Ganglia - ANSWER -Collection of nerve cells that function
somewhat like a brain
Chordate - ANSWER -Animals that has both a brain and a spinal
cord
Cladogram - ANSWER -Phylogenetic tree that branches
repeatedly, suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise
Hominid - ANSWER -General term referring to primates that
walk upright, including all forms of humans, living and extinct
Encephalization Quotient (EQ) - ANSWER -Jerison's quantitative
measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size, according to the principle of proper mass, for an animal of a particular body size
Topograpic - ANSWER -Representing the different functional
areas of the CNS
Connectome - ANSWER -All the pathways connecting regions of
the CNS
Plasticity - ANSWER -Body's potential for physical or chemical
change; enhancing its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury
Species-typical Behavior - ANSWER -Behavior that is
characteristic of all members of a species, such as walking salamanders
