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c-201 Electrical Systems 1 SACA Certification
1. can you define and test a ground?: a ground is a point in the circuit that is connected to the earth. you can use a multimeter-If the
resistance is too high, it may indicate that the ground connection is not providing adequate protection
2. electrical safety rules: 1.Always use a circuit tester or voltage detector to check that a circuit is de-ener-
gized before working on it.
3. electrical safety rule: Never touch electrical wiring or equipment with wet hands or while standing on a wet surface.
4. electrical safety rule: Do not operate electrical equipment that is damaged, frayed, or otherwise in poor condition.
5. electrical safety rule: Use the correct fuse or circuit breaker for the circuit you are working on.
6. electrical safety rule: Never remove or bypass the grounding prong on a plug.
7. Electrical Safety: Do not use extension cords or multiple outlet adapters that are not rated for the
equipment you are using.
8. electrical safety: Do not overload circuits by plugging in too many devices or using high-powered equip-ment.
9. electrical safety: Do not use electrical equipment in wet or damp conditions unless it is specifically designed for that purpose.
10. electrical safety: Use properly rated and properly installed surge protectors for sensitive electronic equipment.
11. electrical safety: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for using electrical equipment.
12. purpose of lockout tag out: to prevent unexpected energization or startup of machinery or equip-
ment while it is being serviced or repaired.
13. state the two types of electrical current: AC and DC
14. how to use a circuit tester: To test a circuit, first locate the circuit breaker or fuse that controls the
circuit you want to test. Then, using the circuit tester, touch the red probe to the live wire and the black probe to the neutral or ground wire.
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15. what is a power source: The power source is the source of electrical energy for the circuit. It can be a
battery, a generator, or a power outlet. The power source provides the electrical current that flows through the circuit.
16. what is a conductor: The conductor is a material that allows electricity to flow through it, such as a wire. The conductor carries the
electrical current from the power source to the load.
17. what is a load: The load is the device or appliance that is being powered by the circuit. It can be a light bulb, a motor, or any
other device that uses electricity. The load converts the electrical energy from the circuit into some other form of energy, such as light or motion.
18. what is a switch: The switch is a device that is used to control the flow of electrical current in the circuit.
It can be used to turn the circuit on or ott, allowing the load to be powered or de-powered as needed.
19. two types of power supplies and schematic symbol: AC and DC
20. be able to interperate an electrical schematic which includes symbols: on youtube look up engineering
mindset- Single Phase Electricity Explained - wiring diagram energy meter
21. resistor symbol:
22. Capacitor symbol:
23. inductor symbol:
24. ground symbol:
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32. transformer symbol:
33. motor symbol:
34. knife switch: a type of manually-operated electrical switch that is used to make and break electrical circuits. It has a hinged blade
that is used to open and close the contacts of the switch, allowing the flow of electricity to be controlled.
35. push button switch: a type of manual switch operator that is actuated by pressing a button. When the
button is pressed, the switch is turned on, and when it is pressed again, the switch is turned ott.
36. selector switch: a type of manual switch operator that allows the user to select one of several ditterent circuit paths or positions. It is
typically actuated by a lever or knob that can be rotated or moved to ditterent positions, each of which corresponds to a ditterent circuit path or function.
37. explain the function of five types of output devices: resistor: a passive electronic
component that resists the flow of electric current, reducing the voltage and current in a circuit.
38. explain the function of five types of output devices: fan: a device that produces a flow of air, typically using an
electric motor. It is commonly used to circulate air in a room or to cool electronic equipment.
39. explain the function of five types of output devices: lamp: a device that produces light, typically using
electricity. It can refer to a light bulb or any other device that is used to produce light.
40. explain the function of five types of output devices: fuse: a safety device that is used in electrical circuits to
protect against overcurrents. It consists of a piece of wire or other conductor that is designed to melt and break the circuit if the current exceeds a certain level, preventing damage to the circuit or injury to individuals.
41. explain the function of five types of output devices: transformer: an electrical
device that is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another. It typically consists of two or more coils of wire, which are magnetically coupled to each other. When an alternating current flows through one coil, it creates a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in the
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42. be able to interpret the function and states of a basic electrical circuit: - study
basic electrical circuits
43. Define voltage: an electromotive force or potential ditterence expressed in volts.
44. voltage characteristics in a series circuit: In a series circuit, the voltage is distributed evenly
across all of the components in the circuit. This means that the voltage across each component will be the same, and the total voltage of the circuit will be equal to the sum of the voltages across each individual component.
45. voltage characteristics of a parallel circuit: In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each branch
is the same, but the total current is divided among the branches. This means that the current flowing through each component in a parallel circuit will be determined by the resistance of that component.
46. Define current: flow of electrons (amps)
47. characteristics of current in a series circuit: In a series circuit, the total current is the same
at every point in the circuit. This is because the current flowing through each component in the circuit must be the same, since the same current flows through each component in a series circuit.
48. characteristics of current in a parallel circuit: In a parallel circuit, the total current is the
sum of the currents flowing through each branch. This is because the voltage across each branch is the same, but the current is divided among the branches according to their resistance values.
49. Define resistance: the opposition of current flow (measured in Ohms)
50. characteristics of resistance in series circuits: In a series circuit, the total resistance of the
circuit is equal to the sum of the resistance values of the individual components in the circuit. This means that if a higher resistance component is added to a series circuit, the total resistance of the circuit will increase.
51. characteristics of resistance in a parallel circuit: In a parallel circuit, the total resistance
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64. thermal circuit breaker: Thermal circuit breakers use a bimetallic strip that heats up and bends when
a certain level of current flows through it. When the strip bends far enough, it trips a mechanism that opens the circuit and interrupts the flow of current. To reset a thermal circuit breaker, you typically need to flip the switch on the breaker to the "ott" position, then back to the "on" position.
65. magnetic circuit breaker: Magnetic circuit breakers use an electromagnet to trip a mechanism that
opens the circuit when a certain level of current flows through it. The electromagnet becomes stronger as the current increases, and eventually trips the mechanism when the current reaches a certain level. To reset a magnetic circuit breaker, you typically need to push the reset button on the breaker.
66. Electromagnetism: Electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon in which electrically charged parti-
cles interact with each other through the force of electromagnetism. This force arises from the interactions between electric fields and magnetic fields, and can be observed whenever electrically charged particles are in motion.
67. Define inductance.: An induced voltage which is opposite in direction to the applied voltage. henry (H)
68. effect of an inductor in an AC system: an inductor acts as a resistor to AC current. It opposes changes in current and
causes the current to lag behind the voltage in the circuit. This property is known as inductive reactance, and is measured in ohms.
69. effect on an inductor in a DC system: an inductor acts as an open circuit to DC current. It does
not allow DC current to pass through it and ettectively blocks the flow of current in the circuit. This property is known as DC resistance, and is measured in ohms.
70. total inductance equation: Total inductance (L) = L1 + L2 + L3 + ...
71. Inductive Reactance Formula: XL = 2πfL
where XL is the inductive reactance in ohms, f is the frequency of the AC current in hertz, and L is the inductance of the inductor in henries.
72. total load on an AC circuit with inductors: known: XL = 2πfL
1. Total inductive reactance (XL) = XL1 + XL2 + XL3 + ... (for series connection) 1 / Total inductive reactance (XL) = 1 / XL1 + 1 / XL2 + 1 / XL3 + ... (for
parallel connection)
2. Total load = supply voltage / (1 / total inductive reactance + 1 / total resistance)
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73. Define capacitance: Charge stored per unit potential ditterence
74. three types of capacitors: electrolytic, ceramic, and film.
75. how to safely discharge a capacitor: 1. disconnect power
2. use DMM on voltage first
3. If the voltage is less than a few volts, the capacitor is considered discharged and can be handled safely.
4. switch to resistance if still charged
5. to discharge the capacitor slowly. To do this, connect one end of the resistor to one of the terminals of the capacitor, and the other end of the resistor to
the other terminal of the capacitor.
76. how to test a capacitor with a DMM: Once the DMM is connected to the capacitor, you should
switch the DMM to the capacitance measurement mode, and take a reading. The reading should be displayed on the DMM's display, and should be within the specified tolerance range for the capacitor. If the reading is outside of the tolerance range, the capacitor may be defective and should be replaced.
77. effect of a capacitor in a DC circuit: In a DC circuit, a capacitor acts as an open circuit when
charged, meaning that it does not allow current to flow through it. When the capacitor is fully charged, no current will flow through it. However, when the capacitor is discharged, it acts as a short circuit, allowing current to flow freely.
78. effects of a capacitor in an AC system: allowing alternating current (AC) to pass through it. This is because a capacitor's
impedance (resistance to AC) increases with frequency, so at low frequencies it acts as a short circuit and allows current to pass through easily, but at high frequencies its impedance increases and it acts as an open circuit, blocking the flow of current.
79. calculate total capacitance: add capacitances
80. calculate total capacitive reactance: X_C = 1 / (2 * pi * f * C)
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87. three basic steps for troubleshooting an open circuit: 1. First, make sure that the power
is ott and that all safety precautions are followed.
2. Locate the source of the open circuit. This could be a broken wire, a loose connection, or a faulty component such as a resistor or capacitor.
3. Use a multimeter to test the resistance and continuity of the circuit. An open circuit will typically have a very high resistance, so if you see a
reading that is much higher than expected, it could indicate an open circuit.
88. operation of a transformer: A transformer is an electrical device that is used to transfer electrical
energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors, or coils. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a changing magnetic field in one coil generates a voltage in the other coil.
89. Transformer Output Voltage Formula: V_out = V_in * N_secondary / N_primary
N= turns of coil
90. how to troubleshoot a transformer with a dmm: 1. First, make sure that the power is ott and that all safety
precautions are followed.
2. Set the DMM to measure DC voltage, and check the input and output terminals of the transformer for any voltage. If there is no voltage at the
input terminals, but there is voltage at the output terminals, it could indicate a shorted primary coil or an open secondary coil.
3. Set the DMM to measure resistance, and check the resistance of the primary and secondary coils. If the resistance of the primary or secondary
coil is much higher or lower than expected, it could indicate a problem with the coil.
4. Set the DMM to measure continuity, and check the connections between the primary and secondary coils. If there is no continuity between the
coils, it could indicate a broken wire or a loose connection.
