C839 - Introduction to Cryptography, Exams of Cryptography and System Security

C839 - Introduction to Cryptography C839 - Introduction to Cryptography

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 04/08/2026

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C839 - Introduction to Cryptography
Which encryption standard uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt messages? -
Answer-Symmetric Key Encryption
Which algorithm is designated as a Type 2 product by the National Security Agency
(NSA)? - Answer-SKIPJACK
What is the most commonly used format for certificates? - Answer-X.509 v3 *Version 3*
What is referenced to determine if a certificate has been revoked? - Answer-Certificate
Revocation List *(CRL)*
What needs to be installed on *end users' computers* to allow them to *trust*
applications that have been *digitally signed* by the developer? - Answer-Sender's
public key *(DEVELOPER's)*
Which type of certificate *must be certified by an authority* to verify it with other
participants? - Answer-Public Certificate
What is an attribute of the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm? - Answer-It requires a
unique nonce. *(# used ONCE)*
Which mode generates the key stream with a nonce and incrementing value? -
Answer-Counter (CTR)
*Generates the next keystream block* by encrypting successive *values* of a "counter"
Which mode is a stream algorithm that concatenates an incrementing value with a
nonce? - Answer-Counter (CTR)
Which key would an administrator use to encrypt data so *only the CEO can decrypt it?*
- Answer-CEO's public key
Remember, when a specific person in an organization is the *ONLY* one you want to
*DECRYPT* something, you must have their *PUBLIC* key
What is the result of a hash function? - Answer-Digest
What is used to efficiently encrypt *large files?* - Answer-Symmetric encryption
An administrator needs to encrypt the following word with the Atbash cipher:
pf3
pf4
pf5

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C839 - Introduction to Cryptography

Which encryption standard uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt messages? - Answer -Symmetric Key Encryption Which algorithm is designated as a Type 2 product by the National Security Agency (NSA)? - Answer -SKIPJACK What is the most commonly used format for certificates? - Answer -X.509 v3 Version 3 What is referenced to determine if a certificate has been revoked? - Answer -Certificate Revocation List (CRL) What needs to be installed on end users' computers to allow them to trust applications that have been digitally signed by the developer? - Answer -Sender's public key (DEVELOPER's) Which type of certificate must be certified by an authority to verify it with other participants? - Answer -Public Certificate What is an attribute of the Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4) algorithm? - Answer -It requires a unique nonce. (# used ONCE) Which mode generates the key stream with a nonce and incrementing value? - Answer -Counter (CTR) Generates the next keystream block by encrypting successive values of a "counter" Which mode is a stream algorithm that concatenates an incrementing value with a nonce? - Answer -Counter (CTR) Which key would an administrator use to encrypt data so only the CEO can decrypt it?

  • Answer -CEO's public key Remember, when a specific person in an organization is the ONLY one you want to DECRYPT something, you must have their PUBLIC key What is the result of a hash function? - Answer -Digest What is used to efficiently encrypt large files? - Answer -Symmetric encryption An administrator needs to encrypt the following word with the Atbash cipher:

security Which ciphertext is correct? - Answer -hvxfirgb Remember this is a Mono-Alphabet Substitution Cipher that replaces each character with its corresponding alphabet character IE: A=Z, B=Y, C=X, etc... Which cryptographic algorithm has a 128-bit HASH size? - Answer -Message Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) Which characteristic makes a hashing function suitable for use in signature schemes? - Answer -Collision resistance Of the many properties that a good hash function should have, the one that is mentioned most often is collision resistance. Which attribute of a hashing function makes a birthday attack possible? - Answer - Partial-message collision The partial-message collision attacks all rely on birthday attacks Which hash algorithm produces a 160-bit output value? - Answer -SHA- What does cipher block chaining (CBC) use with the key to encrypt subsequent blocks of plaintext? - Answer -Previous generated ciphertext Which mode produces the same ciphertext from two identical plaintext blocks? - Answer -Electronic codebook (ECB) There are many situations in which large blocks of text are repeated. For example, this chapter contains the words "ciphertext block" many times. If two of the occurrences happen to line up on a block boundary, then a plaintext block value will be repeated Which encryption mode is least secure? - Answer -Electronic codebook (ECB) What is the mathematical formula used for symmetric decryption? - Answer -P = E (K,C) P = Plain text E = Encryption/Decryption K = Key C = Cipher Text Remember, if you DECRYPT something, you want to know the PLAIN TEXT

X mod P X mod Q What is the outcome when using the binary AND function on 11011 and 10100? - Answer - Which mode does the Fortuna algorithm use to generate random numbers? A sequence of numbers - Answer -Counter (CTR) It is a group of PRNGs = PseudoRandom Number Generators What is a potential weakness of a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG)? - Answer -Same INTERNAL state used more than once Another problem arises if the same PRNG state is used more than once. This can happen when two or more virtual machines (VMs) are booted from the same state and read the same seed file from disk. Which key combination is used to decrypt and verify a digital signature? - Answer - Recipient's private key to decrypt and sender's public key to verify the signature Which key is used to sign a message or a message digest? - Answer -Sender's private key Which key does the certificate authority (CA) use to digitally sign keys that it issues? - Answer -Server's private key What does an end user need to verify a Rivest-Shamir -Adleman (RSA) digitally signed message? - Answer -Sender's public key What is used when creating a digital signature, using public key infrastructure (PKI)? - Answer -The private key of the person creating the message Which feature in Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) provides integrity control when sending packets over a wireless network? - Answer -Cyclic redundancy check WEP - uses the stream cipher RC4 to secure the data and a CRC-32 checksum for error checking A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data. Which feature of Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) increases the difficulty of attack? - Answer -Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)

Which two concerns does the use of Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) address? Choose 2 Answer s - Answer -Confidentiality Integrity Which extension designates a file containing a password-protected private key? - Answer -.p12 Which part of the public key infrastructure (PKI) defines how a credential is used? - Answer -Certificate policy (CP) Which part of the public key infrastructure (PKI) is used to ensure that the format for a credential can be used by anyone on the internet? - Answer -Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) Which solution is used in a Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) virtual private network (VPN) to secure data in transmission? - Answer -Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) Which network-based virtual private network (VPN) prevents unauthorized logins by preventing packet retransmission? - Answer -IP security (IPsec) Which port does Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) use? - Answer - HTTPS: What is a common problem with using pre-shared keys (PSKs)? - Answer -Secure key exchange What is a concern with storing long-term secrets on media or memory? - Answer - Integrity Which cipher uses a series of ciphers based on a keyword? - Answer -Vigenère Which substitution cipher system reverses the sequence of the alphabet? - Answer - Atbash Which type of cipher converts a letter to a number, passes it through a mathematical function, and then converts it back to a letter? - Answer -Affine Which technique solves polyalphabetic substitution ciphers by deducing the key length?

  • Answer -Kasiski's method