Download CALT Exam Verified Notes: Suprasegmental, Segmental & Phonological Awareness (2026) and more Exams Phonetics and Phonology in PDF only on Docsity!
CALT EXAM
(Verified)
- Suprasegmental : Aspect of Language (intonation, stress, loudness, pitch level, juncture - (the set of features in speech that enable a hearer to detect a word or phrase boundary), and speaking rate)
- Segmental : Aspect of Language (phonemes - vowels & consonants)
- Phonoligical Awareness : The knowledge of and sensitivity to the sound struc- ture of language
(umbrella term) It includes: rhyming, segmentation activities, and manipulation activities Segmentation Activities - segmenting sentences into words, segmenting com- pound words into syllables, segmenting words into syllables, identifying initial and final sounds, and segmenting syllables into phonemes Manipulation Activities - omitting syllables, omitting sounds in words, and changing sounds into words
- Dysarthria : A disorder in the nervous system which hinders control over the tongue, throat, lips, or lungs Neurological oral-motor dysfunction including weakness of the musculature nec- essary for coordinating movements of speech production (slurred speech, difficulty with articulation)
- Dyspraxia
- Alphabetic Principle : The concept that letters on a page represent or map onto the sounds in spoken words
- Alphabetic Language : A language, such as English, in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds or phonemes
- Logographic Writing System : A system in which pictures represent the words of a language, such as Chinese If English was treated as a logographic writing system, it would contain over 700,000 symbols
- Grapheme : A written letter or letter cluster representing a single speech sound Ex: i, igh
- Phonics : An approach to teaching reading and spelling that emphasizes sound-symbol relationships Sound + Letters
- Euphony: Words formed or combined as to please the ear The tendency to make phonetic change for ease of pronunciation
- 6 Kinds of Syllables: Open Closed Vowel - Consonant
- e Final Stable Syllable Vowel Pair Vowel - r
- Naughty i: The vowel i is naughty when it is before a final stable syllable in a words with three or more syllables It will be short and coded with a breve Ex: Tra di [tion
- Base Word: The simplest form of any English word to which affixes may be added A base word is always a complete English word when it stands alone
Voiced Ex: /f/, /v/, /th/ Unvoiced Ex: /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/
- Affricate: Consonant speech sound articulated as a stop consonant followed by a fricative Ex: /ch/, /j/
- Phonological Processing: An umbrella term for a large category of oral language processing abilities that are related to the sounds in words and are associated with the ability to read well
- Identify the Stages of Expressive Written Language Development (Phras- es of Writing): Stage 1 - Imitation (preschool
- 1st grade) Stage 2 - Graphic Presentation (1st grade - 2nd grade) Stage 3 - Progressive Incorporation (late 2nd grade - 4th grade) Stage 4 - Automization (4th grade - 7th grade) Stage 5 - Elaboration (7th grade - 9th grade) Stage 6 - Personalization - Diversification (9th grade - and beyond)
- Domains of Language (6): PPOSS/u/M Pragmatic s Phonology Orthograp hy Semantics Syntax Morpholog y
- Pragmatics: Use
Production of sounds (phonetics) Begins at oral level
- Orthography: Form Understand and recognize patterns of written language Sound/symbol correspondence, letter recognition, common letter patterns for reading, syllable types, syllable division patterns, syllable patterns, rules, irregular words, fluency Begins at written level
- Syntax: Form Use appropriate grammar in oral and written language Grammatical structure of language, sentence structure, grammar Begins at oral level
- Semantics: Meaning Meaning conveyed by language - (vocabulary knowledge) Text comprehension Begins at oral level
- Morphology: Form Study of meaning carry units of words, ways words are formed and related to one another
Identify suffixes, prefixes, base words, roots, and combining forms) Understanding meaning and usage of word parts in oral and written language Begins at the oral level
- Rapid Letter Naming is key to....: Reading with speed and accuracy
understanding, and prosody) 4.VOCABULARY development 5.Reading COMPREHENSION
- Which domains are involved in spelling?: Orthography + Phonology Semantics + Syntax
- Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - 504: Federal Law
Nondiscrimination on the basis of handicap in programs receiving federal $$. Civil Rights Law - to protect people with disabilities by allowing full participation in the workplace Does not provide funding but can without federal funding Public schools receive federal funding so law applies
- Why should children read nonsense words?: To build fluency, also called word attack skills
- Texas administrative Code 74 28: State Board of Education Rule: -District board of trustee must make sure dyslexic procedures are given to the districts -Districts must use approved strategies for screening and treating dyslexia -State board of education does not recommend programs or provide guidelines and descriptions -Instruction must be at students campus -Districts must notify parents prior to testing, this is their rights under 504 -Early identification must be available -Districts must provide a parent educational program
- Multisensory: Using more than one of the senses: visual- what you see auditory- what you hear tactile- what you touch and handle
- The word 'brown": -Irregular for spelling because "ow" is typically in the final position -Regular for reading
- The word "look": Regular for reading and spelling
- What origin is "gym" like gymnasium?: Greek
- Greek word clues: -words with ph -ch pronounced /k/ -long words with the letter k (kilometer, kinescope) -long/short unfamiliar words with th (athlete, theme) -words with medial y (gymnastics) -words related to olympics and theatre -words with /rh/ (rhyme) -words with "ology" (biology) -words with silent p (pneumonia, psychology)
- Teachers suspects a problem & tracks student performance with running records... what type of assessment?: Formative assessment (daily or week- ly...informal)
- Which domain do synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms belong-to?: Mor- phology or semantics (depending on what is listed)
- Which helps a child develop language?: ----> READ BOOKS ALOUD <--- -write name -sing ABC's -communicate with children
- FLOSS Rule: -one syllable base word -a short vowel -ends in f, l, or s Ex: Staff, Doll, Miss
- Rabbit Rule: -two-syllable base word -short vowel
change the y to i before adding the suffix Ex: Happy + ness = happiness, penny + less = penniless
- ADHD Testing: Conners Rating Scale (shows ADHD symptoms and severity)
- Diphthong: The sound produced by combining two vowels in to a single syllable or running together the sounds Ex: oi, oy, ou, ow
- Who did not believe in coding/phonological awareness?: Kenneth Good- man (He liked whole language)
- Which is not a combinations of "er": Berry - vrr (vowel r r is not the same as vr)
- Ladder of Language Acquisition: Six Stages: 1.Pre-productions (0-6 months) 2.Early production (6 mo - 1 year) 3.Speech, emergence ( 1 - 3 years) 4.beginning, fluency 5.intermediate fluency (3 - 5 years) 6.advanced fluency (5 - 7 years)
- See teacher that diagnosis a student at the ball park... what to do?: Find the parent, meet in private
- Comma and quotations marks: Comma goes inside quotation marks
- Which test does not measure phonological awareness?: Peabody
- When reading or spelling a derivative... look at: -the end of the base word -the beginning of the suffix
- Best way to test dyslexia: -make a list -observation -parent recommendation
- What are the three periods of English?: Old English - Anglo Saxon Middle English - Latin
