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Canada's Healthcare System and Comparative
Healthcare systems UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
State the WHO definition of health The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- some argue that this definition is idealistic and unattainable State the key components and mechanisms of a good healthcare system A good health system delivers quality services to all people when and where they need them Requirements include:
- robust financing mechanism
- well maintained facilities
- well trained and adequately paid workforce
- reliable information
- logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies The first province in Canada to implement universal health care insurance is...... Saskatchewan Politicians who contributed to the creation of the Canadian healthcare system were from the.... liberal party, conservative party and the NDP
The hospital insurance diagnostic services act of 1957 stated the federal government should pay for _ __ % of cost. 50% of the cost True or False: The medical care act was passed in 1966 by a vote of almost all MPs True The medical care act stated that the federal share of the health care cost
True or False: The hall commission #2 recommended capping extra billing at 20$ per capita FALSE- it opposed any extra billing The Canada health act 1984 deals with the financing of health system only
TRUE
True or False: The Canada health act 1984 was unanimously enacted by parlament in April 1984 True True or False: The Canada health act 1984 was proposed and enacted by a liberal government and implemented by a pc government True What do provinces want when it comes to progressing healthcare? More funding through health transfer payments (from 22% to 35% of the cost) and a first ministers meeting
What does it mean that medicare is a fragmented system?
- It is composed of 13 interlocking provincial and territorial health insurance plans
- network, fragmented regionally, uncoordinated care
- shared responsibility between federal, provincial and insurance plans What is the public/private vs. federal split in healthcare funding (in %)? Public-private split (65-70%) Federal (31% of total public spending) (~22% of total) Overall: the federal government only pays ~1/3 of the total health care spending What is the difference between public and private spending? What is the healthcare spending for public vs. private (in %)? Public (~75%) : includes provincial government Private (~25% ): includes out of pocket and insurance companies Approximately how much do we spend on healthcare per year? $308 billion Do we spend more or less on healthcare now compared to the pre-pandemic era? We spend significantly more post-covid. From ~$264 billion (pre-pandemic) to now spending ~$308 billion
- consider we are also paying for additional costs for the "surveillance of covid" What is the % GDP in Canada spent on the healthcare system?
Where is most of the money being spent on the healthcare systems? Hospitals (25.1% of the money)
What provinces have the highest and lowest healthcare spending? Highest: Nunavut Lowest: Ontario What makes up the largest expense in Ontario? The healthcare sector Describe the timeline of the Canadian Healthcare system. Confederation (1867) Medicare (1966) MC to CHA (Canadian Health Act 1984) Post CHA During the 17th century, how were hospitals funded? Catholic charities, religious groups and wealthy donors When did the Hudson's Bay company employ doctors on the praries and across BC? 18th century Explain healthcare in the 19th century.
- funds to operate hospitals were in short supply
- medical care was severely lacking for many of Canada's poor and minority groups such as the aboriginals What did the British North American Act (BNA) state? That healthcare is a provincial responsibility What happened in 1867 - 1914 to the Healthcare system in Ontario The Ontario provincial government passed an act that ensures that annual grants would be provided to hospitals What was the big issue in 1910 - 1914 regarding healthcare? The spilt views as to the federal vs provincial responsibilities in healthcare
What did the Canada healthcare act of 1984 bring together?
- The HIDS act
- Medical care act What are the 5 principles of the Canada Health Act?
- universality
- portability
- public administration
- accessibility
- comprehensiveness What does universality mean in regards tot he Canada health act? all eligible residents are entitles to health insurance What does portability mean in regards tot he Canada health act? coverage for insured services will still apply when a person travels or moves throughout Canada What are the three underlying themes of Romanows report
- strong leadership and improved governance is needed
- system must be responsive and efficient
- strategic investments over the short term to address priority concerns What were the 5 new targeted funds to address immediate priorities in the Ramanow Report?
- rural and remote access
- improve wait times
- primary helath care
- national home health care
- drug transfer- to compensate Canadians who require expensive drugs what was the difference between the Romanow and the Kirby report? Romanow- opposed to private funding Kirby- supportive of private funding Where does Canada stand for life expectancy at birth compared to other countries? 82.1 years old- This is just above average compared to other countries
Where does Canada stand for smoking rates when compared to other countries? 10.3% of the population as of 2019 - this is low compared to other countries Where does Canada stand for obesity rates when compared to other countries? 59.8% of the population- just above the OECD health statistics 2021. What is a major issue in the Canadian healthcare system? Access to health care
- near the lowest in the world of access to health care in rural communities
- wait times for surgeries is very long compared to other countries
- we have a very low number of physicians compared to our population What are the characteristics of top performing countries in healthcare?
- universal health coverage with minimal cost barriers to access investment in primary care reduced administrative burden/ higher efficiency
- investment in social services Is there a correlation between health care spending of the GDP and quality of healthcare No- USA spends the most but is the lowest rated healthcare system What was the change in life expectancy following the pandemic? It decreased for every country What is the oxford stringency index? measure of stringency of the government/ public health recommendation or requirements during the pandemic True/ False? Health is only the state of absence of disease or infirmity False
Public shares of total health expenditures over the last 2 decades was about ______
Because of the covid pandemic, we spend ____ money for health in Canada. More Currently, what does Canada spends as % of GDP on health?
Because of the covid pandemic, the private sector pays ___ money for health in Canada. less Most money spent in Canada for health is paid to ________ Hospitals True/False? In comparison to the US, Canada spends more % of GDP on health. False The hospital insurance and diagnostic services act of 1957 stated the federal government should pay for % of costs
The hospital insurance and diagnostic services act of 1957 states that the services should be a. Universal b. comprehensive c. accessible d. portable e. C&D f. All of the above f
True/False? "Saskatoon agreement" on July 23, 1962 which ended the doctors strike in SK states that MDs may "extra-bill" patients True The Hall of commission #1 opposed the creation of a national health policy and a comprehensive health care program False True or False? The medical care act was passed in 1966 by a vote of almost all MPs (177:2) True True or False? Hall Comission # recommended capping extra- billing at 20$ per capita False True or False. The Canada Health act 1984 deals with the financing of health system only True True or false. The Canada Health act was propose and enacted by a liberal government and implemented by a PC government True True or False. The Romanow Report (2002) recommended a % floor cost of insured health services under the Canada Health act
The Romanow report did not include _________ Dental care
