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CAP Billy Mitchell Aerospace Milestone
Test with complete solution
the direction from which the wind is blowing - ANSWER-Wind direction the region of the earth that receives most of the sun's heat - ANSWER-The Equator the first layer of the atmosphere in which the vast majority of weather, storms, and temperature differences occur. It extends from sea level up to 20,000 feet over the poles and to 60,000 feet over the equatorial regions and most of the atmosphere is contained in this region - ANSWER-The Troposphere the first known powered aircraft with humans on board - ANSWER-Hot air balloon made a historic flight over Paris, France on November 21, 1783. Their flight lasted 25 min and they flew approximately 5 miles from their launch point - ANSWER-Pilatre d'Rozier and Francois d'Arlandes An artificial force that pushes or pulls an aircraft forward through the air and opposes drag - ANSWER-Thrust the first true powered flight with humans on board that historians agree on - ANSWER- Hot air ballon Created the first successful, manned, hot air balloon in 1783 - ANSWER-Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier An artificial upward force that opposes gravity and supports the weight of an aircraft - ANSWER-Lift A natural force which slows the forward movement of an aircraft in flight and opposes thrust - ANSWER-Drag
Rotation around the lateral axis and the elevator moving up and down causes this motion. The nose up/nose down motion - ANSWER-Pitch Rotation around the vertical axis produced by the rudder and controlled by pedals. The nose right/nose left motion - ANSWER-Yaw credited with the first manned, controlled powered flight. Made their historic flight on December 17, 1903 - ANSWER-Wright Brothers Rotation around the longitudinal axis caused by the ailerons moving upward and downward. Results in the wings moving up or down - ANSWER-Roll becomes an artificial compass and gives the pilot directional information. Also can be set without the aircraft facing north - ANSWER-Heading Indicator(directional gyro) 6076 feet - ANSWER-Nautical mile 5,280 feet - ANSWER-Statute mile the top or beginning of the Earth's atmosphere; the altitude the Air Force and NASA define as the beginning of space and anyone who reaches this height is awarded astronaut wings - ANSWER-50 miles above the surface Is the most widely accepted altitude where space begins - ANSWER-62 miles the part of an aircraft that would continue to operate if the pilot were to shut off all electrical power during the flight - ANSWER-The engine an engine that has a fuel mixture that is burned within the engine. Also known as a reciprocating engine - ANSWER-Internal combustion engine On December 29, 1970, the Occupational Safety and Health Act came into affect requiring most civilian aircraft to carry what? - ANSWER-Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) first man to walk on the moon - ANSWER-Neil Armstrong Improved forms of gunpowder, which increased the range of the rocket - ANSWER- Roger Bacon
How long did the first US flight to space last? - ANSWER-15 minutes; the Redstone rocket wasn't powerful enough to place the Mercury capsule into orbit but it did reach an altitude of 116 miles. President John F. Kennedy announced the objective of _________________________________ by the end of the decade - ANSWER-Putting a man on the moon first US space station, launched by the Saturn V in 1973. It's mission was to put laboratory into space - ANSWER-Skylab Which Skylab mission was the longest and how long did it last? - ANSWER-The last or third mission; 84 days The Space Transportation System (or space shuttle) used what to launch the shuttle orbiter? - ANSWER-Solid rocket boosters and three main engines a space transportation system for traveling to space and back to Earth - ANSWER- Space Shuttle first artificial satellite; Russian. Launched in 1957 - ANSWER-Sputnik I proposed the use of rockets for space exploration, suggested the use of liquid propellants for rockets in order to achieve greater range, and became known as the "Father of Modern Astronautics" - ANSWER-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky director of the V-2 rocket project, who after the war headed up the US rocket program - ANSWER-Wernher von Braun Developed a gyroscope system for flight control, a payload compartment, and a parachute recovery system - ANSWER-Robert Goddard The start of the race for space between the US and USSR( Soviet Union) - ANSWER- Sputnik's launch in 1957 Developed a form of gunpowder and used it as fireworks for religious and festive celebrations. - ANSWER-The Chinese With the Chinese and _________________ at war with each other, early rockets were used as arrows of flying fire - ANSWER-The Mongols
The idea of launching rockets through tubes was the forerunner of what? - ANSWER- The bazooka The rocket system that lifts a spacecraft and gives the spacecraft enough force to reach orbit - ANSWER-A launch vehicle The first US satellite, launched in 1958. The first spacecraft to recognize the Van Allen radiation belt around the Earth. - ANSWER-Explorer I The civilian agency with the goal of peaceful exploration of space for the benefit of all mankind - ANSWER-NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Paved the way for the Apollo missions by demonstrating rendezvous and docking procedures; also were designed to carry two crew members - ANSWER-The Gemini Missions The three stage Saturn V rocket was developed with what goal? - ANSWER-Send humans to the moon Which Apollo mission landed on the moon? - ANSWER-Apollo 11, in 1969, powered by the Saturn V launch vehicle. Takes the info from the guidance system and steers the rocket to its destination. Also keeps the rocket stable. - ANSWER-Control System gets the rocket to its destination; the brain of the rocket - ANSWER-Guidance System the tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest and an object in motion to stay in motion
- ANSWER-Inertia; Newton's First Law Which of Newton's laws says that a body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force - ANSWER-Newton's First Law of Motion; law of inertia everything associated with propelling the rocket - ANSWER-Propulsion system Modern rockets consist of four major systems, what are they and what do they work together to do? - ANSWER-Air frame, guidance, control, and propulsion; deliver the payload
discovered the first asteroid, Ceres - ANSWER-Giuseppe Piazzi the natural force pulling everything to Earth that opposes lift - ANSWER-Gravity A beautiful, graceful form that is the actual shape of a airfoil (wing). - ANSWER-A tear- drop The tendency of a stream of fluid to not return to its original path after flowing over or around a curved surface - ANSWER-The Coanda Effect Located control surfaces out on the ends of the wings - ANSWER-Ailerons Increases lift, slows down the aircraft, especially useful in landing, and increases drag. Also used during takeoff and allows the pilot to decrease takeoff distance - ANSWER- Flaps When warm air rises into the colder air at higher altitudes, it cools and then stops rising. After a period of "hanging around," the air begins to sink back toward Earth. This up and down movement results in a circulation. - ANSWER-Convection It rises, it expands and the pressure drops. Is less dense, has less mass, and weighs less - ANSWER-Warm (heated) air The age a cadet is eligible by federal aviation regulation (FAA) to solo a glider - ANSWER- Once a cadet has soloed a glider, they can then move on to poweredflight training with the eventual goal to achieve the coveted__________________________. - ANSWER- Private Pilot's Certificate Instrument to provide the height of the balloon above sea level, also indicates the height at which the balloon is flying. In an airplane, it measures pressure and displays this as height above sea level - ANSWER-Altimeter One of several vertical panels that make up the envelope - ANSWER-Gore an instrument which measures the temperature within the envelope of a hot air balloon. A temperature gauge which displays both the hot air temperature inside the envelope and that of the outside air - ANSWER-Thermistor
an instrument to determine the rate of climb or descent; displays a rate of change in altitude - ANSWER-Vertical Velocity Indicator(VVI)/ variometer One of two fabrics most widely used for making the panels of a hot air balloon. It is the lighter and stronger of the two fabrics, and both fabrics are coated with polyurethane and other additives to give it longer wear and greater resistance to ultraviolet sunlight damage - ANSWER-Nylon One of two fabrics most widely used for making the panels of a hot air balloon. Of the two fabrics, this one can withstand higher temperatures. Both fabrics are coated with polyurethane and other additives to give it longer wear and greater resistance to ultraviolet sunlight damage - ANSWER-Dacron Instrument(s) found inside the cockpit of a hot air balloon - ANSWER-An altimeter, vertical velocity indicator, and a thermistor The propulsion system for an aircraft - ANSWER-An airplane engine Also known as an internal combustion engine because a fuel mixture is burned within the engine. - ANSWER-Reciprocating engine Needed to let the fuel/air into the cylinder or By which a suction is created sucking air in from the outside - ANSWER-Movement of the pistons What pilots use to control the fuel/air mixture from inside the cockpit or The device that controls the ratio of the fuel/air mixture to the cylinders - ANSWER-Mixture Control A hand-operated control controlled by the pilot in the cockpit that controls engine speed by regulating the amount of air and fuel that flows into it during the intake or suction phase. - ANSWER-The throttle control Produces alternating current, which is then converted to direct current - ANSWER- Alternator An instrument in the cockpit that monitors the electrical current, or flow. - ANSWER- Ammeter Has to be on to engage the starter, and, in the event of an alternator malfunction in flight, it can be turned off to isolate the alternator from the rest of the system - ANSWER-the master switch
primary purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of U.S. and allied military forces. To assist the U.S. military in accurately determining their location When was the GPS created and by whom? - ANSWER-1973, the Department of Defense What is defined as the constellation of satellites that orbit the Earth? - ANSWER-The GPS(Global Positioning System), it allows pilots to accurately determine their position anywhere on the Earth within seconds What are three things that are true about microbursts? - ANSWER-Microbursts are particularly dangerous during takeoffs and landings; they can occur very suddenly leaving little time for a pilot to react, they can be associated with or without precipitation. A microburst is a column of sinking air that as it hits the ground diverges in many directions and is a downburst phenomenon that creates unstable air and thunderstorm turbulence What will happen if a pilot doesn't take into account the Coriolis Effect when flying south from the North Pole to the equator? - ANSWER-He will land west of the intended destination. Results in wrong destination What causes the Earth to have seasonal changes? - ANSWER-the tilt of the Earth on its axis. Also the Earth's rotations plus revolution and the sun unevenly heating the Earth. NOT the Earths distance from the sun What do warmer temperatures result in when dealing with aircraft? - ANSWER-Long acceleration times to attain proper takeoff speed, a pilot needs to calculate the distance needed to make sure there is enough runway for takeoff. Warmer temperatures impact takeoffs. Pressure differences A region of the atmosphere where electrons are gained or lost. It begins at an altitude of about 25 miles and extends outward to about 250 miles. - ANSWER-Ionosphere, which is filled with ions and caused by powerful ultraviolet radiation from the sun and the ultra high frequency cosmic rays from the stars A region of the atmosphere where the sun's radiation reacts with the oxygen molecules and causes them to pick up a third atom, creating ozone. It performs the very important function of shielding use from ultraviolet and infrared radiation and extends from about 10 to 30 miles in altitude. - ANSWER-Ozonosphere
A blanket of air made up of a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and reaches almost 350 miles from the surface of the Earth - ANSWER-The atmosphere The method by which the Sun, unevenly, heats the Earth. Heat transferred by the sun - ANSWER-Radiation What are the four principle ways in which heat is transferred from one place to another?
- ANSWER-Conduction, convection, advection, and radiation When a molecule is heated and comes in contact with another molecule, the second molecule absorbs some of this heat. This is heating by direct contact and is called what? - ANSWER-Conduction The transfer of heat by vertical motion - ANSWER-Convection The lateral transfer of heat - ANSWER-Advection A huge body of air, usually 1,000 miles or more across, that has the same temperature and moisture characteristics - ANSWER-Air mass What were the requirements for the Ansari X-Prize; an award of $10 million dollars? - ANSWER-A non-government-supported aerospace craft would have to fly 62 miles above the surface of the Earth and return safely. Then, within a period of 2 weeks, the same flight would have to be repeated. Both times the vehicle was required to carry the weight of three adult humans. Why was the Ansari X-Prize created? - ANSWER-To encourage private space flight What is one of the most efficient ratios of gasoline to air? - ANSWER-15 parts air to 1 part gasoline What percentage of the atmosphere is located below 18,000 feet above sea level? - ANSWER-50% In a jet engine there are _________ moving parts than there are in a reciprocating engine. - ANSWER-Fewer; 1 moving part to be exact Just before takeoff, a pilot sets what to the local pressure? - ANSWER-The altimeter _______ airspeed is the actual speed of an aircraft through the air. - ANSWER-True
communication satellites whose sensitive circuits can get damaged by the fast-moving particles. - ANSWER-The outer belt Measure of the brightness of a star - ANSWER-Magnitude, the lower the magnitude number the brighter the star. A higher magnitude number indicates a dimmer star What class of stars is hottest and blue in color and what class is coolest and red in color? - ANSWER-Class O, Class M The only star and the most important element(key feature) in our solar system. - ANSWER-Our sun; a class G star, a medium mass and medium sized star that will live for billions of years Distance equal to 3.26 light years or 19.2 trillion miles - ANSWER-Parsec A pulsating star that flashes electromagnetic emissions in a set pattern - ANSWER-A pulsar Low mass stars that are the most common kind of stars in the universe and can't be seen just using our eyes, example: Proximus Centauri - ANSWER-Red dwarfs It's gravitational force is so strong nothing can escape from it. A region in space where no radiation is emitted - ANSWER-Black hole The sun, the planets and their satellites, asteroids, comets, and any celestial body that comes under the gravitational influence of our sun - ANSWER-Solar system If someone weigh some 120 pounds on Earth, how much would they weigh on the moon? - ANSWER-20 pounds; the gravitational pull of the Moon Ian 1/6 that of Earth's. The moon has no atmosphere and doesn't produce heat or light It is the closest planet to Earth in both distance and size and is often referred to as Earth's sister. It is the hottest planet in the solar system, and has no moons - ANSWER- Venus Why does Mars look red? - ANSWER-Because the rock and dust covering the surface of Mars has a high iron content, which gives it a rusty look What is true about Mars? - ANSWER-It's a cold planet overall. It has four seasons due to the tilt of its axis, which is about 25 degrees. Mars has 2 moons. Mars has polar ice
caps and water. It certainly has the most favorable conditions of any of the other planets in the solar system, other than Earth. What planet is home to the highest known mountain and largest known canyon in our solar system? - ANSWER-Mars; Olympus Mons and Valles Mineras What are the four largest moons of Jupiter? - ANSWER-Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa; called the Galilean moons because they were discovered by Galileo What icy moon is the largest moon in our solar system? - ANSWER-Ganymede: one of Jupiter's moons What planet could actually float in a body of water if the body of water was large enough to hold it? - ANSWER-Saturn, because it's the only planet in our solar system that's less dense than water Made of ice chunks, dust, and rocks, Saturn's entire ring system(7 distinct rings) is about 1 mile thick and extends how many miles away from the planet? - ANSWER- 250,000 miles The only moon known to have clouds and a thick atmosphere. The only body in the solar system, other than Earth, believed to have an active hydrologic cycle and that's known to have stable liquid on it's surface. Looks more like Earth than any other body in the solar system - ANSWER-Titan; one of Saturn's moons What planet is a bluish greenish color because of methane in it's upper atmosphere, has 42 years of daylight followed by 42 years of night because its tilted 60 degrees on its axis, has 11 rings, and 27 known moons most of which are named after Shakespearean characters - ANSWER-Uranus Which two planets are so similar to each other that they are sometimes called twins? - ANSWER-Uranus and Neptune Which planet is known as the windiest planet in our solar system? - ANSWER-Neptune; which has a very thin ring system, 13 known moons, the largest of which is Triton, and several large storms, the largest of which is the Great Dark Spot and is about the size of Earth What is the highest and lowest point of an orbit? - ANSWER-Apogee is the highest and Perigee is the lowest
The first space station; launched by the Soviet Union - ANSWER-Salyut I, 1971 America's first manned spaceflight program. It's mission was to find out if a human could survive space travel, and what effects would space travel have on the human body - ANSWER-Project Mercury Gemini was the first two-man capsule, and during one of the missions, who achieved the first US "space walk," which lasted for 22 min? - ANSWER-Ed White Apollo 13 didn't land on the moon and had to be aborted due to what? - ANSWER-An explosion in the spacecraft. Apollo 13 did make a successful emergency landing back on Earth Occurred in 1975 and involved a link up in space of American and Soviet manned spacecraft. The last maned space launch before the space shuttle - ANSWER-Apollo- Soyuz The space shuttle consists of three main parts, what are they? - ANSWER-The orbiter, the solid rocket boosters, and the external tank The first space shuttle, it was only used for flight tests. It was not designed for going into space. - ANSWER-The Enterprise The other 5 space shuttle spacecraft have all gone into space and they are the Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour The first American woman in space. Was aboard the Challenger - ANSWER-Dr. Sally Ride What did the shuttle Discovery deploy in April 1990? - ANSWER-The Hubble Space Telescope In July 1994, what payload specialist became the first Japanese woman to fly in space - ANSWER-Chiaki Mukai In February 1995, what pilot became the first female shuttle pilot and later became the first woman commander in space - ANSWER-Eileen Collins In 2001, astronauts Susan Helms and Jim Voss conducted the longest spacewalk in shuttle history. How long did the spacewalk last? - ANSWER-About 9 hours
In 2002, who became the first human to fly in space 7 times? - ANSWER-Jerry Ross In May 2009, who became the first teacher to visit space? - ANSWER-Barbara Morgan What has been the workhorse of America's space program since 1981? - ANSWER-The space shuttle First space station of the US - ANSWER-Skylab; the crews demonstrated that people could live and work in space. The last crew stayed the longest (84 days). European Space Agency's first space station - ANSWER-Spacelab The largest satellite in space and can be seen from Earth with the naked eye. It's purpose is to achieve long-term exploration of space and to provide benefits to the people of Earth. It is the largest international science project in history - ANSWER-The International Space Station (ISS) During what flight/mission were space suits taken off inside for the first time? - ANSWER-Gemini 7 Became America's first autonomous orbital landing onto a runway. - ANSWER-OTV-
